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48 results for “alpine ecosystems”
The functioning of alpine grassland ecosystems: climate outweighs plant species richness
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Data from: Plant diversity and density predict belowground diversity and function in an early successional alpine ecosystem
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Data from: Indirect effects of global change accumulate to alter plant diversity but not ecosystem function in alpine tundra
1. Environmental change can affect species directly by altering their physical environment and indirectly by altering the abundance of interacting species. A key challenge at the interface of community ecology and conservation biology is to predict how direct and indirect effects combine to influence response in a changing environment. In particular, little is known about how direct and indirect effects on biodiversity develop over time or their potential to influence ecosystem function. 2. We studied how nitrogen (N), winter precipitation (snow), and warming influenced diversity and ecosystem function over six years in alpine tundra. We used path analyses to partition direct effects of environmental manipulations from indirect effects due to changes in the abundance of two dominant plants. We hypothesize that 1) indirect effects will develop more slowly but will become stronger than direct effects over time, and 2) after six years, indirect effects will more strongly influence diversity while direct effects will influence ecosystem function. 3. Indirect effects of N on diversity were consistently stronger than direct effects and actually developed quickly, prior to direct effects. Direct effects of snow on diversity were detected in year two but then subsequently were reversed, while indirect effects were detected in year four and grew stronger over time. Overall in year six, indirect effects were much stronger than direct effects. 4. Direct effects predominated for three of four ecosystem functions we measured (productivity, N mineralization, winter N availability). The only indirect effects we found were that N and snow indirectly affected microbial biomass N by influencing Geum abundance. Across all four ecosystem measures, indirect effects were infrequent and weaker than direct effects. 5. Synthesis. Increasing indirect effects on diversity over time indicate that short-term experiments or monitoring of natural systems may underestimate the full magnitude of global change effects on plant communities. Explicitly accounting for changes in dominant plant abundance may be necessary for forecasting plant community response to environmental change. Conversely, weak indirect effects for ecosystem processes suggest that predicting ecosystem function without knowledge of plant responses to global change may be possible.
Data from: Are the radiations of temperate lineages in tropical alpine ecosystems pre-adapted?
Aim: Tropical mountains around the world harbour an extraordinarily rich pool of plant species and are hotspots of biodiversity. Climatically, they can be zoned into montane climates at mid-altitudes and tropical alpine climates above the tree line. Around half of the tropical alpine species belong to plant lineages with a temperate ancestry, although these regions are often geographically distant. We test the hypothesis that these temperate lineages are pre-adapted to the tropical alpine climate. Location: New World, with a focus on tropical alpine Andes. Time period: Miocene to present. Major taxa studied: Flowering plants. Methods: We build multidimensional environmental models representing the full space of New World climates. We quantify the environmental similarity between the tropical alpine ecosystem and those of potential source areas, while correcting for regional differences by kernel density smoothers. Based on spatial observations of the genus Hypericum (St John's Wort), we quantify niche overlap and test for niche conservatism following intercontinental dispersal using density-weighted nonparametric tests. A dated species tree, biogeographical estimation, multi-optima Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models and model selection approaches are used to test for niche shifts during establishment in the tropical alpine Andes. Results: The tropical alpine ecosystem is isolated by its climate from adjacent regions and is climatically similar to temperate lowland biomes of both hemispheres. Niche conservatism is evident in the study group, except in the tropical alpine lineage that is characterized by niche expansion and shifts in temperature optima. Main conclusions: Our results reject the pre-adaptation hypothesis and instead suggest pronounced niche evolution during colonization of tropical alpine ecosystems. Establishment involved substantial niche shifts, mainly in temperature-related variables, and resulted in a tremendous proliferation of species in the newly invaded tropical alpine ecosystem.
2019-2020 AR station alpine meadow ecosystem tower-based observation spectra, GPP and meteorological data
<p> This is the dataset used in the <em>Investigating the Performance of Red and Far-Red SIF for Monitoring GPP of Alpine Meadow Ecosystems</em> paper. The dataset contains canopy red and far-red SIF data, GPP data, NDVI data, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) data, temperature(Ta) data, and vapor pressure deficit(VPD) data during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons in the alpine meadow ecosystem at the AR site(100.4643 E, 38.0473 N, altitude 3033 m).</p>
Data set to Remote sensing-supported mapping of the activity of a subterranean landscape engineer across an afro-alpine ecosystem
<p>This data set is part of the article Wraase et al. (2022): Remote sensing -supported mapping of the activity of a subterranean landscape engineer across an afro-alpine ecosystem. Remote sensing in Ecology and Conservation. (https://doi.org/10.1002/RSE2.303)</p> <p>The repository contains a Readme file ("readme.txt") and two additional folders labeled: “input data” and “script”.<br> <br> The first folder contains 13 data files further divided into three subfolders “cca_analysis”, “main_modelling_prc_texture_idx” and “vectors”. Data formats are .csv format for all tables, .rds files for model objects from R and .shp format for all vector data.</p> <p>The second folder contains all 31 R-scripts necessary to do the analysis, as described in the article. Additionally, the folder is further categorized into five subfolders equivalent to the main analysis operations: “cca_analysis”, “landsat_temp_modelling”, “main_modelling_prc”, “maxent” and “texture_idx”.</p>
Data for: Ant nests increase litter decomposition to mitigate the negative effect of warming in an alpine grassland ecosystem
<p>Warming can decrease feeding activity of soil organisms and affect biogeochemical cycles in alpine ecosystems. Ants (<em>Formica manchu</em>) are active on their nest surface, and prefer a hot and dry environment. Therefore, warming may provide a favorable environment for their activity. We hypothesized that ants might benefit from warming and increase the robustness of ecosystem functions to warming. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of ant nests (ant nest absence vs. ant nest presence) and warming (ambient temperature, + 1.3°C and + 2.3°C) on litter decomposition, soil properties and the plant community in an alpine grassland ecosystem. Decomposition stations with two mesh sizes were used to differentiate effects of microorganisms (0.05mm) and macroinvertebrate (1cm) to litter decomposition. Ant nests increased litter decomposition with and without macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station when compared to plots without ant nests. Only the litter decomposition in ant nests with macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station was not negatively affected by warming. Plots with ant nests had greater soil organic carbon, nutrient contents and plant growth than plots without ant nests, regardless of warming. Consequently, ant nests can mitigate the negative effects of warming on litter decomposition and improve ecosystem functions under warming.</p>
Dataset of manuscript "Divergent responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to climate warming in an alpine tundra ecosystem"
<p>Our study conducts a translocation experiment in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains to explore how climate warming will affect soil bacterial and fungal communities in the alpine tundra and what are the underlying ecological mechanisms for their potential community changes. Soil samples (n = 24) were respectively collected during the early growing season (June 5, EGS), peak growing season (July 30, PGS), and late growing season (September 20, LGS) of 2021. The uploaded data contains the soil properties and OTU abundance measurements for these soil samples, as well as air and soil temperature from June 1, 2020 to September 15, 2021. </p>
Data from: Are the radiations of temperate lineages in tropical alpine ecosystems pre-adapted?
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Data for: Ant nests increase litter decomposition to mitigate the negative effect of warming in an alpine grassland ecosystem
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Data from: Microclimate variability in alpine ecosystems as stepping stones for non-native plant establishment above their current elevational limit
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Data from: Indirect effects of global change accumulate to alter plant diversity but not ecosystem function in alpine tundra
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Data from: Foliar fungal pathogen inhibition increases ecosystem carbon sequestration independently of nitrogen enrichment in a Tibetan alpine meadow
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Figure 13 from: Germann C (2020) The first discovery of the genus Pseudoalaocybites Osella, 1980 from Ecuador, with a description of a new species in an alpine ecosystem (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Molytinae). Alpine Entomology 4: 23-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.49848
Figure 13 Distribution map for all described species of Pseudoalaocybites (blue: nominal subgenus; red: Croizatius): 1. Pseudoalaocybites negreai (Osella, 1980), 2. P. jarmilae Osella, 1980, 3. P. affinis Osella, 1980, 4. P. annae Osella, 1980, 5. P. armatus Osella, 1980, 6. P. diversesculptus Osella, 1980, 7. P. inermis Osella, 1980, 8. P. pacei Osella, 1980, 9. P. persimilis Osella, 1980, 10. P. stewarti Osella, 1980, 11. P. aelleni Osella, 1989, 12. P. squamirostris Osella, 1987, 13. P. elegans Osella, 1987, 14. P. margheritae Osella, 1987, 15. P. venezuelanus Osella, 1980, 16. P. latithorax Osella, 1980, 17. P. chimborazoi sp. nov. (basic layer by Simple Mappr).
Figures 1-11 from: Germann C (2020) The first discovery of the genus Pseudoalaocybites Osella, 1980 from Ecuador, with a description of a new species in an alpine ecosystem (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Molytinae). Alpine Entomology 4: 23-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.49848
Figures 1-11 Pseudoalaocybites chimborazoi sp. nov., holotype. 1. habitus dorsal. 2. rostrum with antenna, dorsal view. 3. ditto ventral view. 4. fore margin of pronotum, head, rostrum and antennae in lateral view, arrow indicates the single yellow ocellum. 5. elytra in lateral view, arrow indicates shortened 9th striae. 6. right fore leg, dorsal view. 7. right hind leg, ventro-lateral view. 8. underside, arrow indicates free last three ventrites (ventrites 4 and 5 digitally re-mounted, as taken away for dissection). 9. spermatheca. 10. vulva with ovipositor. 11. spiculum ventrale.
Data from: Differential responses of ecosystem carbon flux components to experimental precipitation gradient in an alpine meadow
1. Changes in precipitation have the potential to cause dramatic changes in ecosystem carbon (C) cycling; however, it remains unclear whether different components of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (e.g., C uptake vs. release, plant vs. microbe respiration, aboveground vs. belowground plant respiration), have similar or differential sensitivity to precipitation gradients. 2. We conducted a manipulative field experiment (from 2015 to 2017) with six precipitation treatments, including 1/12 annual precipitation (P), 1/4 P, 1/2 P, 3/4 P, P, and 5/4 P in an alpine meadow to investigate the responses of the NEE components. 3. Over the three years, all C fluxes showed a nonlinear response to the precipitation gradients, except for root respiration. The most extreme drought treatment (1/12 P) caused strong reductions in NEE by 15.57%, gross primary productivity by 17.26%, and ecosystem respiration by 19.05%, in contrast to the control. Plant respiration was more sensitive to precipitation change than microbe respiration, and aboveground plant respiration was more susceptible than belowground respiration. Structural equation models revealed that the response of C fluxes under precipitation changes were primarily due to changes in the soil water content and aboveground net primary productivity. 4. Our findings indicate that future precipitation changes, particularly extreme drought, will decrease ecosystem C fluxes with different magnitudes, leading to a consequent reduction of NEE. These emergent ecosystem properties are essential for the improved elucidation of carbon cycle dynamics and benchmarking models, to predict ecosystem responses to precipitation changes.
Dataset for deep soil environment shapes alpine ecosystem productivity
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Supplementary material 1 from: Balestrini R, Delconte C, Buffagni A, Fumagalli A, Freppaz M, Calvo E, Buzzetti I (2019) Dynamic of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in an alpine forested catchment: atmospheric deposition and soil solution trends. In: Mazzocchi MG, Capotondi L, Freppaz M, Lugliè A, Campanaro A (Eds) Italian Long-Term Ecological Research for understanding ecosystem diversity and functioning. Case studies from aquatic, terrestrial and transitional domains. Nature Conservation 34: 41-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.34.30738
: Data type: statistical data
Data from: Differential responses of ecosystem carbon flux components to experimental precipitation gradient in an alpine meadow
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Data from: Eukaryotic metatranscriptomes of alpine soils and their links to the functioning of ecosystems
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.