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108 results for “ambient temperature”
Small increases in ambient temperature reduce offspring body mass in an equatorial mammal
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The effect of ambient temperature on bird embryonic development: A comparison between uniparental incubating silver-throated tits and biparental incubating black-throated tits
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Gene expression underlying parenting and being parented shows limited plasticity in response to different ambient temperatures
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Data from: High ambient temperatures are associated with reduced foraging capacity in an equatorial mammal, the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo)
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Data from: Variable ambient temperature promotes song learning and production in zebra finches
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Data from: Flower consumption, ambient temperature and rainfall modulate drinking behavior in a folivorous-frugivorous arboreal mammal
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Dataset for: Warmer ambient temperatures reduce protein intake by a mammalian folivore
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Reduced parental brood visit rate in wild zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) is correlated with high maximum daily ambient temperature
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Supplementary Data for "Tuning the Redox Activity of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced, Selective O2 Binding: Design Rules and Ambient Temperature O2 Chemisorption in a Cobalt–Triazolate Framework"
<p>Supplementary dataset to support "Tuning the Redox Activity of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced, Selective O<sub>2</sub> Binding: Design Rules and Ambient Temperature O<sub>2</sub> Chemisorption in a Cobalt–Triazolate Framework"</p>
Data from: Prey availability and ambient temperature influence carrion persistence in the boreal forest
<p>1. Scavenging by vertebrates can have important impacts on food web stability and persistence, and can alter the distribution of nutrients throughout the landscape. However, scavenging communities have been understudied in most regions around the globe, and we lack understanding of the biotic drivers of vertebrate scavenging dynamics.</p> <p>2. In this paper, we examined how changes in prey density and carrion biomass caused by population cycles of a primary prey species, the snowshoe hare (<i>Lepus americanus</i>), influence scavenging communities in the northern boreal forest. We further examined the impact of habitat and temperature on scavenging dynamics.</p> <p>3. We monitored the persistence time, time until first scavenger, and number of species scavenging experimentally-placed hare carcasses over four consecutive years in the southwestern Yukon. We simultaneously monitored hare density and carrion biomass to examine their influence relative to temperature, habitat, and seasonal effects. For the primary scavengers, we developed species-specific scavenging models to determine variation on the effects of these factors across species, and determine which species may be driving temporal patterns in the entire community.</p> <p>4. We found that the efficiency of the scavenging community was affected by hare density, with carcass persistence decreasing when snowshoe hare densities declined, mainly due to increased scavenging rates by Canada lynx (<i>Lynx canadensis</i>). However, prey density did not influence the number of species scavenging a given carcass, suggesting prey abundance affects carrion recycling but not necessarily the number of connections in the food web. In addition, scavenging rates increased in warmer temperatures, and there were strong seasonal effects on the richness of the vertebrate scavenging community.</p> <p>5. Our results demonstrate that vertebrate scavenging communities are sensitive to changes in species' demography and environmental change, and that future assessments of food web dynamics should consider links established through scavenging.</p>
Analytic dataset informing prediction of subterranean cave and mine ambient temperatures
<p>Caves and other subterranean features provide unique environments for many species. The importance of cave microclimate is particularly relevant at temperate latitudes where bats make seasonal use of caves for hibernation. White-nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal disease that has devastated populations of hibernating bats across eastern and central North America, has brought renewed interest in bat hibernation and hibernaculum conditions. A recent review synthesized current understanding of cave climatology, exploring the qualitative relationship between cave and surface climate with implications for hibernaculum suitability. However, a more quantitative understanding of the conditions in which bats hibernate and how they may promote or mediate WNS impacts is required. We compiled subterranean temperatures from caves and mines across the western United States and Canada to: a) quantify the hypothesized relationship between mean annual surface temperature (MAST) and subterranean temperature and how it is influenced by measurable site attributes, and b) use readily available gridded data to predict and continuously map the range of temperatures that may be available in caves and mines. Our analysis supports qualitative predictions that subterranean winter temperatures are correlated with MAST, that temperatures are warmer and less variable farther from the surface, and that even deep within caves temperatures tend to be lower than MAST. Effects of other site attributes (e.g., topography, vegetation, precipitation) on subterranean temperatures were not detected. We then assessed the plausibility of model-predicted temperatures using knowledge of winter bat distributions and preferred hibernaculum temperatures. Our model unavoidably simplifies complex subterranean environments, and is not intended to explain all variability in subterranean temperatures. Rather, our results offer researchers and managers improved broad-scale estimates of the geographic distribution of potential hibernaculum conditions compared to reliance on MAST alone. We expect this information to better support range-scale estimation of winter bat distributions and projection of likely WNS impacts across the West. We suggest that our model predictions should serve as hypotheses to be further tested and refined as additional data become available. </p>
Fitness effects for Ace insecticide resistance mutations are determined by ambient temperature
Background <p>Insect pest control programs often use periods of insecticide treatment with intermittent breaks, to prevent fixing of mutations conferring insecticide resistance. Such mutations are typically costly in an insecticide free environment, and their frequency is determined by the balance between insecticide treatment and cost of resistance. Ace, a key gene in neuronal signaling, is a prominent target of many insecticides and across several species three amino acid replacements (I161V, G265A and F330Y) provide resistance against several insecticides. Because temperature disturbs neuronal signaling homeostasis, we reasoned that the cost of insecticide resistance could be modulated by ambient temperature.</p> Results <p>Experimental evolution of a natural Drosophila simulans population at hot and cold temperature regimes uncovered a surprisingly strong effect of ambient temperature. In the cold temperature regime, the resistance mutations were strongly counter selected (s= -0.055), but in a hot environment the fitness costs of resistance mutations were reduced by almost 50% (s=-0.031). We attribute this unexpected observation to the advantage of the reduced enzymatic activity of resistance mutations in hot environments.</p> Conclusion <p>We show that fitness costs of insecticide resistance genes are temperature-dependent, and suggest that duration of insecticide-free periods need to be adjusted for different climatic regions to reflect these costs. We suggest that such environment-dependent fitness effects may be more common than previously assumed and pose a major challenge for modeling climate change.</p>
Data from: Effects of ambient temperatures on evolutionary potential of reproductive timing in boreal passerines
<p><span>1. Many populations need to adapt to changing environmental conditions, such as warming climate. Changing conditions generate directional selection for traits critical for fitness. For evolutionary responses to occur, these traits need to be heritable. However, changes in environmental conditions can alter the amount of heritable variation a population expresses, making predictions about expected responses difficult. </span></p> <p><span>2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ambient temperatures on evolutionary potential and strength of natural selection on the timing of reproduction in two passerine birds breeding in boreal forests. </span></p> <p><span>3. Long-term data on individually marked Willow Tits (<i>Poecile montanus</i>, 1975–2018) and Great Tits (<i>Parus major</i>, 1969–2018) were analysed with random regression animal models to assess if spring temperatures affect the expressed amount of additive genetic variation (<i>V<sub>A</sub></i>) and heritability (<i>h<sup>2</sup></i>) in the timing of breeding. We assessed if ambient temperatures of different seasons influenced the direction and strength of selection on breeding time. We also evaluated if the strength of selection co-varied with evolutionary potential.</span></p> <p><span>4. Levels of <i>V<sub>A</sub></i> or <i>h<sup>2</sup></i> expressed in laying date were unaffected by spring temperatures in both study species. Selection for earlier breeding was found in the Willow Tit, but not in the Great Tit. In the Willow Tit, selection for earlier breeding was more intense when the temperatures of following autumns and winters were low. Different measures of evolutionary potential did not co-vary strongly with the strength of selection in either species.</span></p> <p>5. We conclude that there is no or little evidence that climate warming would either constrain or promote evolutionary potential in timing of breeding through changes in amount of genetic variance expressed in boreal Willow and Great Tits. However, selection on the timing of breeding, a life-history event taking place in springtime, is regulated by temperatures of autumns and winters. Rapid warming of these periods have thus potential to reduce the rate of expected evolutionary response in reproductive timing.</p>
Impacts of ambient temperature and clutch size on incubation behaviour onset in a female-only incubator songbird
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Ambient temperature is assumed to be the major cue used by passerines to synchronize their laying and hatching dates to the expected peak of prey availability. While laying eggs, females are still able to fine-tune their hatching date following increasing or decreasing patterns of ambient temperature, mostly via changes in incubation onset. The onset of incubation behaviour in relation to the laying sequence could have later consequences for the duration of the incubation period and the extent of hatching asynchrony. Clutch size is also known to affect incubation patterns and might therefore condition potential responses to changing temperatures. In this study we assessed the effect of ambient temperature and clutch size on the onset of four different incubation behaviours: partial and full nocturnal incubation, and partial and full diurnal incubation. We also evaluated the effect of the onset and duration of each incubation behaviour on the total duration of diurnal full incubation and the extent of hatching asynchrony. To achieve our aims, we monitored incubation behaviour using temperature data loggers during the egg laying period in three Mediterranean Great Tit <i>Parus major</i> populations in three consecutive years. Our results showed that increasing temperatures were related to an advance of diurnal partial incubation, but not to its duration, nor to the onset of full incubation behaviour. We did not find any effect of ambient temperatures on nocturnal incubation. However, females lengthened nocturnal partial incubation and delayed the onset of nocturnal full and diurnal partial incubation, when laying larger clutches. Longer diurnal incubation before clutch completion was associated with greater hatching asynchrony. Moreover, longer diurnal partial incubation shortened the duration of the full incubation period. In conclusion, increasing ambient temperatures during the egg-laying period advanced diurnal partial incubation, indirectly shortening the full incubation period and increasing hatching asynchrony.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: On the interplay among ambient temperature, basal metabolic rate and body mass
One of the most generalized conclusions arising from studies analyzing the ecological variation of energy metabolism in endotherms is the apparent negative correlation between ambient temperature and mass-independent basal metabolic rate (residual BMR). As a consequence, ambient temperature has been considered the most important external factor driving the evolution of residual BMR. It is not clear, however, if this relationship is size dependent, and artifacts such as the biased sampling of body masses in physiological data sets could cause us to overstate the ubiquity of the relationship. Accordingly, here we used published data on body mass (mb), BMR, and annual mean temperature (Tmean) for 458 mammal species (and/or subspecies) to examine the size-dependence of the relationship between temperature and BMR. We found a significant interaction between mb and Tmean, such that the effect of Tmean on residual BMR decreases as a function of mb. In line with this, the amount of residual variance in BMR explained by Tmean decreased with mb, from 20 - 30% at body sizes < 100 g to almost zero at body size > 1,000 g. These data suggest that our current understanding of the importance of broad-scale variation in ambient temperature as a driver of metabolic evolution in endotherms probably is affected by the large number of small species in both nature and physiological datasets.
Ambient temperature and female body condition are related to night incubation behavior in wood ducks (Aix sponsa)
For many animals, parental care behavior is an important aspect of their life history that affects both parents and offspring. In birds, one of the most important parental care behaviors is incubation, which is costly to the parent but directly influences embryonic development and fitness of offspring. Some birds exhibit the intriguing behavior of partially incubating their eggs prior to clutch completion for only a portion of each day. This partial incubation is characterized by lower incubation temperatures and constancy than during full-time incubation, which typically begins at clutch completion. Partial incubation may preserve the viability of eggs laid early in the laying sequence, shorten the length of the full incubation period, and/or provide a favorable microclimate to the incubating parent. It might also reduce the probability of nest predation, nest site takeover by another bird, brood parasitism, and/or predation of the adult. Although there is evidence that partial incubation is an adaptive behavior and that time invested in this behavior varies among individuals of the same species, nothing is known about what may drive this inter-individual variation. To investigate how environmental and parental characteristics may be related to partial incubation behavior, we studied the partial incubation behavior of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) using artificial egg temperature loggers within nest boxes. Our results suggest that females with greater mass relative to their structural size invest more time in partial incubation. Additionally, the incubation temperature and length of on-bouts of partial incubation increased over the course of the partial incubation period, and ambient temperature during on-bouts was positively related to incubation temperature. Ultimately, our study suggests that characteristics of both the environment and parent may influence the partial incubation behavior of wood ducks, and improves our understanding of an important, but understudied, aspect of avian parental care.
Data from: Parental care buffers against effects of ambient temperature on offspring performance in an insect
Understanding how animals respond to and cope with variation in ambient temperature is an important priority. The reason for this is that ambient temperature is a key component of the physical environment that influences offspring performance in a wide range of ectotherms and endotherms. Here, we investigate whether post-hatching parental care provides a behavioral mechanism for buffering against the effects of ambient temperature on offspring in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We used a 3×2 factorial design where we manipulated ambient temperature (15, 20 or 25°C) and parental care (presence or absence of a female parent after hatching). We found that the effect of ambient temperature on offspring performance was conditional upon the presence or absence of a caring female. Fewer larvae survived in the absence than in the presence of a caring female at 15°C whilst there was no difference in larval survival at 20 and 25°C. Our results show that parental care buffers against some of the detrimental effects of variation in ambient temperature on offspring. We suggest that post-hatching parental care may buffer against such effects by creating a more benign environment or by boosting offspring resilience towards stressors. Our results have important implications for our understanding of the evolution of parental care because they suggest that the evolution of parental care could allow species to expand their geographical range to colonize areas with harsher climatic conditions than they otherwise would tolerate.
Data from: Hot dogs: high ambient temperatures impact reproductive success in a tropical carnivore
Climate change imposes an urgent need to recognise and conserve the species likely to be worst affected. However, while ecologists have mostly explored indirect effects of rising ambient temperatures on temperate and polar species, physiologists have predicted direct impacts on tropical species. The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), a tropical species, exhibits few of the traits typically used to predict climate change vulnerability. Nevertheless, we predicted that wild dog populations might be sensitive to weather conditions, because the species shows strongly seasonal reproduction across most of its geographical range. We explored associations between weather conditions, reproductive costs, and reproductive success, drawing on long-term wild dog monitoring data from sites in Botswana (20°S, 24 years), Kenya (0°N, 12 years), and Zimbabwe (20°S, 6 years). High ambient temperatures were associated with reduced foraging time, especially during the energetically costly pup-rearing period. Across all three sites, packs which reared pups at high ambient temperatures produced fewer recruits than did those rearing pups in cooler weather; at the non-seasonal Kenya site such packs also had longer inter-birth intervals. Over time, rising ambient temperatures at the (longest-monitored) Botswana site coincided with falling wild dog recruitment. Our findings suggest a direct impact of high ambient temperatures on African wild dog demography, indicating that this species, which is already globally endangered, may be highly vulnerable to climate change. This vulnerability would have been missed by simplistic trait-based assessments, highlighting the limitations of such assessments. Seasonal reproduction, which is less common at low latitudes than at higher latitudes, might be a useful indicator of climate change vulnerability among tropical species.
Data from: Cross-taxa generalities in the relationship between population abundance and ambient temperatures
Identifying patterns in the effects of temperature on species' population abundances could help develop a general framework for predicting the consequences of climate change across different communities and realms. We used long-term population time series data from terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species communities within central Europe to compare the effects of temperature on abundance across a broad range of taxonomic groups. We asked whether there was an average relationship between temperatures in different seasons and annual abundances of species in a community, and whether species attributes (temperature range of distribution, range size, habitat breadth, dispersal ability, body size, and lifespan) explained interspecific variation in the relationship between temperature and abundance. We found that, on average, warmer winter temperatures were associated with greater abundances in terrestrial communities (ground beetles, spiders, and birds) but not always in aquatic communities (freshwater and marine invertebrates and fish). The abundances of species with large geographical ranges, larger body sizes, and longer lifespans tended to be less related to temperature. Our results suggest that climate change may have, in general, positive effects on species' abundances within many terrestrial communities in central Europe while the effects are less predictable in aquatic communities.
CeO2 non ambient XRD measurement from room temperature up to 300 degrees Celsius
<p>XRD dataset collected with Cu anode x-ray lamp in a laboratory setting. Cubic CeO2, starting from room temperature (RT = 23 deg. Celsius) ending at 300 deg. celsius. Acquisition parameters can be found in the <em>.xrdml </em>files. Nevertheless, <em>.xy</em> files are provided (column file, left column diffraction angle 2theta, right column intensity) for easier data plotting.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.