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24 results for “anemonefish”
Reproductive control via the threat of eviction in the clown anemonefish
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Data from: Scary clowns: adaptive function of anemonefish coloration
Clownfishes, with their showy colouration, are well known for their symbiosis with sea anemones and for their hierarchical reproductive system, but the function of their colouration is unclear. We used a phylogeny of 27 clownfish species to test whether fish colouration: (1) serves a protective function that involves their anemone hosts, or (2) signals species identity in species with overlapping host ranges that can potentially share the same host. We tested for an association between fish colour pattern traits, host morphology and host toxicity and examined coloration in relation to host sharing and geographic proximity. Fish with fewer stripes occupied fewer anemone species, and hosts with shorter tentacles, than fish with multiple stripes. There was a negative relationship between anemone toxicity and tentacle length and these protective traits together were correlated with the evolution of stripes. Host sharing or range overlap was not associated with coloration divergence. We propose that ancestral anemonefishes had multiple stripes that served for hiding/camouflage among the hosts' long tentacles, while increased specialisation towards fewer and more toxic hosts (with shorter tentacles) led to the use of colouration as an aposematic signal. The intriguing notion that an aposematic signal could advertise the defence of another species may reflect the unique symbiotic relationship between anemonefishes and their hosts.
Data from: Scary clowns: adaptive function of anemonefish coloration
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Active provision of food to host sea anemones by anemonefish induces host growth
<p><span>In mutualistic symbiosis, organisms often provide food to their partners, but the process and significance of food provisioning to the hosts remain poorly understood. Anemonefish <em>Amphiprion clarkii,</em> </span><span>which prefers larger host,</span><span> has been suggested to provide food to its host sea anemone. In this study, we investigated food provisioning by the anemonefish and its effects on the symbiotic relationship. </span><span>When given foods of various sizes and types in the field, </span><span>the anemonefish selectively consumed small animal food and seaweeds, while providing larger pieces of animal food to their hosts but avoiding inedible seaweeds. When repeatedly given small pieces of animal food, the anemonefish initially consumed the food themselves but later increased provisioning to the host. This food provisioning positively influenced the growth of the host anemone. These findings suggest that anemonefish actively </span><span>provide food to host anemones</span><span> based on the situation and may cultivate their hosts, resulting in mutual benefits.</span></p>
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