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35 results for “bamboo forest”
Data from: The effect of conspecific density, herbivory, and bamboo on seedling dynamics of a dominant oak in a neotropical highland forest
Conspecific negative density-dependence (CNDD) is one of the main mechanisms influencing diversity maintenance in tropical forests. Tropical highland forests, in contrast to most lowland forests, are commonly dominated by a few tree species, and testing the importance of density dependence effects on seedling establishment of dominant trees may provide insights on the mechanisms regulating population dynamics and forest composition of tropical highlands. We tested the effect of CNDD regulation on seedling survival and recruitment of Quercus costaricensis, a monodominant oak in the Talamanca highland forests of Costa Rica. We used Ripley's K and generalized linear mixed models to test the effects of conspecific density, distance to the nearest adult, density of Chusquea bamboo shoots, and herbivory on the annual survival probability of 3579 seedlings between 2014 and 2017. We did not find a significant effect of CNDD on seedling survival. However, bamboo density and herbivory both significantly decreased oak seedling survival. All seedlings had signs of herbivory and predator satiation may explain the lack of density dependent regulation in seedlings of this species. We argue that the lack of intraspecific density regulation at the seedling stage may contribute to explain the dominance of Q. costaricensis in the highland forests of Costa Rica. Local seedling dynamics of this endemic oak are instead regulated by herbivory and the density of Chusquea.
FIGURE 3 in Chusquea kleinii, a new bamboo from the Atlantic forests of Brazil segregated from C. capituliflora (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
FIGURE 3. Foliar micromorphology of Chusquea capituliflora and Chusquea kleinii. A–D. Chusquea capituliflora (Mota 303). E–H. Chusquea kleinii (Hoehne s.n., SP 22349). A. Branched papillae on the subsidiary cells of the stomatal apparatus, overarching the stoma. B. Scattered bicellular microhairs (often only one cell visible) and prickles along the leaf margin. C. Bicellular microhairs in the midrib region. D. Absence of the tuft of single-celled macrohairs at the base of the abaxial leaf blade. E. Simple, more-or-less conical papillae on the subsidiary cells of the stomatal apparatus. F. Unicellular, rigid macrohairs on the abaxial surface and along the leaf margin. G. Unicellular, curved macrohairs and bicellular microhairs in the midrib region. H. Tuft of unicellular, flexible macrohairs at the base of the abaxial leaf blade.
FIGURE 1. Chusquea kleinii. A. Culm leaf. B. Infravaginal branching and geniculate subsidiary branches. C. Branching and foliage leaves. D in Chusquea kleinii, a new bamboo from the Atlantic forests of Brazil segregated from C. capituliflora (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
FIGURE 1. Chusquea kleinii. A. Culm leaf. B. Infravaginal branching and geniculate subsidiary branches. C. Branching and foliage leaves. D. Ligular region of the foliage leaf showing detail of the foliage leaf sheath and pseudopetiole. E. Fertile branch. F. Detail of the synflorescence and subtending bract. G. Spikelet [Hoehne s.n. (SP 22349)]. (Illustration by Lucas Marinho)
FIGURE 2. A–C. Chusquea kleinii. A. Foliage leaves. B. Culm and infravaginal branching. C. Spikelet. D–E. Chusquea capituliflora. D. Spikelet. E in Chusquea kleinii, a new bamboo from the Atlantic forests of Brazil segregated from C. capituliflora (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
FIGURE 2. A–C. Chusquea kleinii. A. Foliage leaves. B. Culm and infravaginal branching. C. Spikelet. D–E. Chusquea capituliflora. D. Spikelet. E. Synflorescence and subtending bract. (Photos A.C. Mota)
Data from: Genet dynamics of a regenerating dwarf bamboo population across heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest understorey
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Bamboo phenology and life cycle drive seasonal and long-term functioning of Amazonian bamboo-dominated forests
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Data from: The effect of conspecific density, herbivory, and bamboo on seedling dynamics of a dominant oak in a neotropical highland forest
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Community composition of tree and palm species in a forest with bamboo in southwestern Amazonia
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Data from: Episodic bamboo die-off, neighbourhood interactions, and tree seedling performance in a Patagonian mixed forest
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Data from: Subordinate plants sustain the complexity and stability of soil micro-food webs in natural bamboo forest ecosystems
Subordinate plants have a significant impact on soil organisms in primary successional floodplains and grassland ecosystems, but their role in subtropical forest ecosystems remains unclear. An experiment was conducted in a subtropical forest to test the hypothesis that removal of shrubs or subordinate arbour tree species would reduce the complexity and stability of the soil micro-food web. Principal response curves (PRCs) were performed to assess the responses of soil microbial and nematode communities to plant removal compared with a control through time. The effect of plant removal on complexity and stability in the soil micro-food web was assessed using a suite of indices including ratio of omnivorous-predatory to herbivorous nematode abundance (OP : H ratio), nematode diversity, resistance and resilience. Furthermore, increments of bamboo productivity among treatments were estimated. Soil microbial community structure changed in response to plant removal in 2009, but recovered in 2010, and the only change observed was increased soil fungal biomass. In contrast, plant removal had greater impact on soil nematode community composition in 2010 than 2009. Subordinate arbour tree species removal (with or without shrubs) decreased the values of nematode richness, evenness, diversity, ratio of microbial-feeding to herbivorous nematode abundance (M : H ratios), OP : H ratios and resistance indices in 2010, but only decreased OP : H ratios in 2009 and increased the values of nematode dominance in 2010. Although increments in bamboo productivity were statistically similar among treatments, there was a trend decreasing progressively from control to shrub removal + selective-cutting of subordinate arbour tree species, shrub removal, and selective-cutting of subordinate arbour tree species treatments. Synthesis and applications. Subordinate plants help sustain the complexity and stability of soil micro-food webs in subtropical bamboo forest ecosystems. Therefore, protection of subordinate plants and maintaining high plant diversity are important parts of a responsible management strategy in subtropical bamboo forests.
Data from: Fungal community reveals less dispersal limitation and potentially more connected network than that of bacteria in bamboo forest soils
A central aim of current microbial ecology research is to investigate the mechanisms shaping the assembly of soil microbial communities. Despite the importance of bacterial and fungal mediation of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems, knowledge concerning their distribution patterns and underlying mechanisms remains insufficient. Here, soils were sampled from six bamboo forests across the main planting area of Moso bamboo in southern China. The bacterial and fungal diversities were assessed by sequencing 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicons, respectively, with an Illumina MiSeq. Based on structural equation modeling, dispersal limitation had strongest impact on bacterial beta diversity, while the mean annual precipitation had a smaller impact by directly or indirectly mediating the soil organic carbon density. However, only the mean annual temperature and precipitation played direct roles in fungal beta diversity. Moreover, the co-occurrence network analyses revealed a possibly much higher network connectivity in the fungal network than in the bacteria. With less dispersal limitation, stronger environmental selection, and a potentially more connected network, the fungal community had more important roles in the soil carbon metabolisms in bamboo forests. Fungal beta diversity and the clustering coefficient explained approximately 14.4% and 6.1% of the variation in the carbon metabolic profiles among sites, respectively, but that of bacteria only explained approximately 1.7% and 1.8%, respectively. This study explored soil microbial spatial patterns along with the underlying mechanisms of dispersal limitation, selection, and connectivity of ecological networks, thus providing novel insights into the study of the distinct functional traits of different microbial taxa.
FIGURE 4 in Chusquea kleinii, a new bamboo from the Atlantic forests of Brazil segregated from C. capituliflora (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Chusquea kleinii and C. capituliflora.
Data from: Fungal community reveals less dispersal limitation and potentially more connected network than that of bacteria in bamboo forest soils
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Data from: Subordinate plants sustain the complexity and stability of soil micro-food webs in natural bamboo forest ecosystems
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Carbon stocks and drivers in China's bamboo forests: a nationwide field survey
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Allen Brain Atlas
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