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FIG. 18 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications

FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2.

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FIG. 15 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications

FIG. 15. — Shoreoxylon cf. deomaliense Prakash & Awasthi, MNHN.F.50192: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels and long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma bands (arrow); B, Ts, zoom in on solitary vessels, mostly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, D, Tls, long 1-6-seriate rays with end-to-end fusion (arrow); E, Rls, crystals in chambered parenchyma cells; F, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (black arrow) and tylose in vessel (white arrow); G, Rls, heterocellular ray with upright marginal cells; H, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed); visible bands of parenchyma are shown as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots (orange when their identification is less clear), arranged mostly in long tangential lines; I, Ts, zoom in on secretory canals embedded in parenchyma; J, Ts, thin-to-thick walled fibres; K, Ts, diffuse parenchyma (arrows). Scale bars: H, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; B, D, I, 250 µm; C, G, 200 µm; F, K, 100 µm; E, J, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2.

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FIG. 7 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications

FIG. 7. — cf. Koompassioxylon, MNHN.F.50182: A, Ts, mostly solitary vessels with aliform and aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes forming anastomosed shapes; B, Ts, interpretation of (A) of the parenchyma pattern (dotted) showing mostly confluent parenchyma, aliform parenchyma, but no regular bands; C, Ts, detail of aliform parenchyma and one vessel with tyloses (although rare, arrow); D, Tls, storied tendency of rays (arrows); E, Tls, 1-3 seriate heterocellular rays, sometimes with some rays with alternating uniseriate and mutliseriate portions (arrows); F, Tls, detail of a 2-seriate ray bordered by a strand of parenchyma made of at least eight cells (each marked by arrow); G, Rls, non-vestured (arrows), alternate, polygonal intervessel pits; H, Rls, heterocellular rays, sometimes with upright marginal cells (black arrow) and crystalliferous parenchyma, with more than 11 crystals per strand (white arrow); I, Rls, vessel-ray pits with distinct border (arrows) of the same size and shape as intervessel-pits; J, Tls, detail of crystals in chambered (arrows) parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; D, 500 µm; C, E, F, H, 200 µm; G, I, J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2.

Text-fig. 4. Extant Fraxinus fruits and other groups with similar fruits. a: Ventilago leiocarpa BENTH. (KUN 06190258); b: Liriodendron chinense (HEMSL.) SARG. (KUN 0040571); c: Plenckia populnea REISSEK (K 000537359); d: Fraxinus nigra MARSHALL (KUN 0937878); e: F. anomala TORR. ex S.WATSON (RSA 0064862); f: F. gooddingii LITTLE (USFS 0030124); g: F. platypoda OLIV. (KUN 0027753); h: F. malacophylla HEMSL. (K 000901679); i: F. chinensis ROXB. (KUN 0027530). Scale bar = 1 cm. in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 4. Extant Fraxinus fruits and other groups with similar fruits. a: Ventilago leiocarpa BENTH. (KUN 06190258); b: Liriodendron chinense (HEMSL.) SARG. (KUN 0040571); c: Plenckia populnea REISSEK (K 000537359); d: Fraxinus nigra MARSHALL (KUN 0937878); e: F. anomala TORR. ex S.WATSON (RSA 0064862); f: F. gooddingii LITTLE (USFS 0030124); g: F. platypoda OLIV. (KUN 0027753); h: F. malacophylla HEMSL. (K 000901679); i: F. chinensis ROXB. (KUN 0027530). Scale bar = 1 cm.

Text-fig. 5. Extant Fraxinus fruits photographed by digital camera and X-ray microscopy. a: F. excelsior L. (Sect. Fraxinus); b: F. xanthoxyloides WALL. (Sect. Sciadanthus); c: F. malacophylla HEMSL. (Sect. Ornus). Red arrow refers to the air sac above seed, scale bars = 1 cm. in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 5. Extant Fraxinus fruits photographed by digital camera and X-ray microscopy. a: F. excelsior L. (Sect. Fraxinus); b: F. xanthoxyloides WALL. (Sect. Sciadanthus); c: F. malacophylla HEMSL. (Sect. Ornus). Red arrow refers to the air sac above seed, scale bars = 1 cm.

Text-fig. 3. Fossil fruits of Fraxinus: photos and drawings. a–e: F. zlatkoi MENG-XIOA WU et J.HUANG sp. nov., a–c – the holotype image and its line drawing (XTBG-PC-LH3-0341), d, e – paratype image and its line drawing (XTBGPC-LH3-1138); f–k: Fraxinus cf. honshuensis TANAI et ONOE, f–h – XTBG-PC-LH2-0111, i–k – XTBG-PC-LH1-0578; l, m: enlargement of (b) and its line drawing; n, o: enlargement of (g) and its line drawing. Arrows in (i) and (n) refer to the calyxes. Scale bars = 5 mm for a–k, scale bars = 1 mm for i–o. in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 3. Fossil fruits of Fraxinus: photos and drawings. a–e: F. zlatkoi MENG-XIOA WU et J.HUANG sp. nov., a–c – the holotype image and its line drawing (XTBG-PC-LH3-0341), d, e – paratype image and its line drawing (XTBGPC-LH3-1138); f–k: Fraxinus cf. honshuensis TANAI et ONOE, f–h – XTBG-PC-LH2-0111, i–k – XTBG-PC-LH1-0578; l, m: enlargement of (b) and its line drawing; n, o: enlargement of (g) and its line drawing. Arrows in (i) and (n) refer to the calyxes. Scale bars = 5 mm for a–k, scale bars = 1 mm for i–o.

Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013). in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013).

Text-fig. 1. Location of the study site. a: the location of Lühe Town, Yunnan, SW China; b: fossil bearing section, white arrow indicates the fossil collection stratum; c: geological map of fossil site. in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 1. Location of the study site. a: the location of Lühe Town, Yunnan, SW China; b: fossil bearing section, white arrow indicates the fossil collection stratum; c: geological map of fossil site.

Fig. 7 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 7 Right hindlimb of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B interpreted drawing. as, astragalus; d, digit; f, femur; fi, fibula; il, ilium; ti, tibia. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 8 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 8 Strict consensus tree showing phylogenetic relationships of eosauropterygians. Bootstrap values over 50% (with 1000 replicates) are indicated in the tree

Fig. 4 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 4 Pectoral region of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B interpreted drawing. cl, clavicle; cv23, 23rd cervical vertebra; dv1, 1st dorsal vertebra; h, humerus; sc, scapula. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 3 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 3 The skull of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B, interpreted drawing. an, angular; ar, articular; ata, atlas arch; atc, atlas centrum; axc, axial centrum; bo, basioccipital; c3, 3rd cervical centrum; d, dentary; eo-op, exoccipital-opisthotic complex; f, frontal; fo, fontanelle; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; par, prearticular; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; prf, prefrontal; q, quadrate; r3, 3rd cervical rib; sa, surangular; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal. The red arrow marks the pit on the premaxilla-maxilla suture. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 1 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 1 The geologic map showing the quarry where Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001) was discovered (updated after Hu & Liu, 2022). E, Palaeogene; T2-3f, Falang Formation, Ladinian-Carnian, Middle-Late Triassic;T2y, Yangliujing Formation, Anisian-Ladinian, Middle Triassic; T g2, Upper Member of Guanling Formation, Anisian, Middle Triassic;T g1, Lower Member of Guanling Formation, Anisian, Middle Triassic; T, Lower 2 2 1 Triassic

Fig. 6 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 6 Sacral region of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B interpreted drawing. cav, caudal vertebra; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebra; fi, fibula; il, ilium; is, ischium; pu, pubis; sr, sacral rib; sv, sacral vertebra. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 2 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 2 The holotype of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A the skeleton in dorsal view; B the counterpart of A (natural mold). Scale bars equal 1 cm

Fig. 5 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 5 Simplified global paleogeograhic reconstruction during the Late Jurassic, based on Scotese (2014: Map 35, Oxfordian) showing potential dispersal routes of caturoids through the Hispanic Corridor. Stars represent the only known records of caturoids outside Europe: 1, "Caturus" dartoni Eastman, 1899, from the lower Sundance Formation in South Dakota (Bathonian); 2, Caturus deani Gregory, 1923, from the Jagua Formation of Cuba (Oxfordian); 3, Catutoichthys olsacheri and Caturoidea sp. from the Vaca Muerta Formation of Argentina (Tithonian)

Fig. 5 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 5 Right forelimb of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B interpreted drawing. d, digit; eng, entepicondylar groove; h, humerus; r, radius; sc, scapula; u, ulna. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 2 Specimen MPCA 632 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 2 Specimen MPCA 632 from the Jurassic of Neuquén, Argentina: a, fossil of Caturidae sp., including disarticulated skull bones described in Bogan et al. (2013); b, corresponding inventory card of the Museo Carlos Ameghino (MPCA)

Fig. 1 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 1 Geographical setting: a, general location; b, simplified map showing outcrops of the Mendoza and Los Menucos groups in the provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro. Outcrops of the Mendoza Group are redrawn from the regional scheme in the geological map HG 3969-I Zapala (Leanza et al., 2001). Outcrops of the Los Menucos Group are redrawn from the regional scheme (esquema regional) in the geological map HG 4169-II Los Menucos (Cuchi et al., 2001)

Fig. 3 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 3 Nannoflora identified in the sediment of MPCA 632: Cyclagelosphaera margerelii (1–4), Crepidolithus sp. (5–6), Watznaueria barnesiae (7–8), Polycostella beckmannii (9–12), Watznaueria britannica (13), Watznaueria fossacincta (14), Watznaueria biporta (15–16)