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FIG. 6 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

FIG. 6. — Palaeocambarus licenti (Van Straelen, 1928): three well preserved specimens NIGP-Shen-1, both in left-lateral view, in cross-polarized light (A), interpretative line drawing (B) and close-up of the cephalic area of one of the right crayfish in NIGP-Shen-1 (C), visualisation in Meshlab of the inverted surface volume of NIGP-Shen-GM1 from the photogrammetric model, with Minnaert shader (D). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; dt, digestive tract; e1e, cervical groove; e1e (os), cervical groove (opposite side); ex, uropodal exopod; o, eye; P1, pereiopod 1; po (d), postorbital carina (dorsal part); po (v), postorbital carina (ventral part); pr, postrostral carina; r1, acumen (distal part) of rostrum; r2, proximal part of rostrum; s1-s6, pleonites 1-6; sc, scaphocerite; su, subdorsal carina; t, telson. Photograph and photogrammetric model: D. Audo. Scale bars: A, B, 20 mm; D, 10 mm.

FIG. 2 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

FIG. 2. — Comparison of epistomes in fossil and extant crayfishes: A, B, epistome of P. licenti (NIGP-Shen-26), photo (A) and interpretative line-drawing (B); C, epistome of P. licenti (NIGP-Shen-40); D, epistome of a female Cambaroides dauricus (Pallas, 1972) (MNHN-IU-2022-4077, extant, Mandchuria); E, Cambarus bartonii (Fabricius, 1798) (MNHN-IU-2022-4074, extant, Philadelphia, United States); F, Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) (MNHN-IU-2022-4069, extant, Nissi, Greece). Photos of fossil specimens in cross-polarized light. Abbreviations: a1, antennula; a2.ba, antennal basipodite; a2.cx, antennal coxa; epi, epistome; uo, urinary orifice (nephropore). Photographs: D. Audo. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 5 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

FIG. 5. — Neotype of Palaeocambarus licenti (Van Straelen, 1928), specimen NIGP-126342: ventral view in cross-polarized light (A) and interpretative line-drawing (B). Abbreviations: a2, antenna; av?, potential annulus ventralis; dt; digestive tract; epi, epistome; ex, uropodal exopod; mxp3, maxilliped 3 (thoracopod 3); o, eye; P1-P5, pereiopods 1-5 (th4-th8); r, rostrum; s2-s5, pleonites 2-5; sc, scaphocerite. Photograph: D. Audo. Scale bars: 20 mm.

FIG. 1 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

FIG. 1. — Pleopods of different decapod crustaceans, fossil and extant: A, B, Palaeocambarus licenti (Van Straelen, 1928b) seen in ventral view (A, holotype of Cricoidoscelosus aethus Taylor, 1999, NIGP-126337) and lateral view (B, specimen NIGP-Shen-2), both from the Early Cretaceous of China; C, pleopod 4 of a female Cambaroides dauricus (MNHN-IU-2022-4077, extant, Mandchuria); D, Austropotamobius llopisi (Vía, 1971) (female? – specimen MUPA-LH-14011), from the Early Cretaceous of Spain; E, Palaeobenthesicymus libanensis (Brocchi, 1875) (specimen MNHN.F.A30607) from the Santonian of Lebanon; F, female Polycheles typhlops Heller, 1862 (MNHN-IU-2022-4080, extant, New Caledonia). Photographs: D. Audo. Scale bars: A, C, 1 mm; B, D, E, F, 5 mm.

FIG. 10 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

FIG. 10. — Scientific reconstructions in dorsal view of Palaeastacus licenti (Van Straelen, 1928b). Drawing: C. Letenneur (UMR 7207 CR2P).

FIG. 8 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

FIG. 8. — Syntype of Astacus spinirostrius (synonym of P. licenti), ventral view in cross-polarized light (A) and interpretative line-drawing (B), Abbreviations: a1, antennula: a2, antenna; en, uropodal endopod; epi, epistome; ex, uropodal exopod; go, male gonopod; md, mandible; mxp3, maxilliped 3 (th. 3); P1-P5, pereiopods 1-5 (th. 4-8); s2-s6, pleonites 2-6; sc, scaphocerite; t, telson. Photograph: D. Audo. Scale bars: 20 mm.

APPENDIX 4 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

APPENDIX 4. — Specimens without registration numbers used in the study. Continued in next t wo figures. Scale bars: 10 mm.

APPENDIX 6 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

APPENDIX 6. — Specimens without registration numbers used in the study, continued from previo us figures. Scale bars: 10 mm.

APPENDIX 3. — 3D in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

APPENDIX 3. — 3D model obtained by photogrammetry of specimen NIGP-Shen-GM1. To visualize the model, extract all content of the archive in a folder, then open the file "NIGP_GM1.obj" with the 3D software of your choice, for instance Meshlab. https://doi.org/10.5852/geodiversitas2023v45a24_s3

APPENDIX 5 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota

APPENDIX 5. — Specimens without registration numbers used in the study, continued from previo us figure. Scale bars: 10 mm.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

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Data from: The Fezouata Shale Formation biota is typical for the high latitudes of the early Ordovician – a quantitative approach

<p>The Fezouata Shale Formation has dramatically impacted our understanding of early Ordovician marine ecosystems before the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), thanks to the abundance and quality of exceptionally preserved animals within. Systematic work has noted that the shelly fossil sub-assemblages of the Fezouata Shale biota are typical of open-marine deposits from the Lower Ordovician, but no studies have tested the quantitative validity of this statement. We extracted 491 occurrences of recalcitrant fossil genera from the Paleobiology Database to reconstruct 31 sub-assemblages, to explore the paleoecology of the Fezouata Shale and other contemporary, high-latitude (66°S – 90°S) deposits from the Lower Ordovician (485.4 Ma – 470 Ma) and test the interpretation that the Fezouata Shale biota is typical for an Ordovician open-marine environment. Sørensen's dissimilarity metrics and Wilcoxon tests indicate that the sub-assemblages of the Tremadocian-aged lower Fezouata Shale are approximately 20 percent more heterogenous than the Floian-aged upper Fezouata Shale. Dissimilarity metrics and visualization suggests that while the lower Fezouata and upper Fezouata share faunal components, the two sections have distinct faunas. We find that the faunal composition of the lower Fezouata Shale is comparable with other Tremadocian-aged sub-assemblages from high latitudes, suggesting that it is typical for an early Ordovician open-marine environment. We also find differences in faunal composition between Tremadocian- and Floian-aged deposits. Our results corroborate previous field-based and qualitative systematic studies that concluded that the shelly assemblages of the Fezouata Shale are comparable with those of other Lower Ordovician deposits from high latitudes. This establishes the first quantitative baseline for examining the composition and variability within the assemblages of the Fezouata Shale which will be key to future studies attempting to discern the degree to which it can inform our understanding of marine ecosystems just before the start of the GOBE.</p>

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

FIG. 3 in A new look at the Cretaceous Lamprey Mesomyzon Chang, Zhang & Miao, 2006 from the Jehol Biota

FIG. 3. — Mesomyzon mengae Chang, Zhang & Miao, 2006, head, branchial region, and fins. Photographs of: A, IVPP V 15027A; B, IVPP V 15035A; photograph (C) and line drawing (D) of IVPP V 15449; photograph (E) and line drawing (F) of IVPP V 15450.3; G, photograph of the tail of IVPP V 15449, the arrow points to the anal fold; H, close-up of middle trunk of IVPP V 14981B. Abbreviations: ac, annular cartilage; adc, anterior dorsal cartilage; adf, anterior dorsal fin; ao, anterior pillar of subocular cartilage; ap, apicalis and the laminae it carries; atr, naso-hypophysial atrium; ba, imprints of brain; bb, branchial basket; cot, circumoral teeth; da, dorsal aorta; dt, detritus in intestine; eh, extra hyal arch; m, mouth; gp1, gp7, 1st and 7th gill pouch; il, infraoral lamina; lv, liver; no, external narial opening; nhp, hypophysial pouch; gl, gill filaments; gf(l, r), gill filaments of left and right gills; gp, infillings of gular pouch; lo, olfactory organ; my, myomeres; nlp, posterior lateral nerve; ns, nasal sac; oc, otic capsule; oca, oral cavity; op, oral papillae; of, oral fimbriae; p, piston cartilage; paf, preanal skin fold; pc, pericardial cartilage; pdc, posterior dorsal cartilage; sl, supraoral lamina; st, styliform; tel, telencephalon; vs, velar skeleton; I, olfactory nerve or tract; V1, ophthalmic ramus of trigeminal nerve; VII. uc, buccal ramus of facial nerve; VII.rec, recurrent ramus of facial nerve surrounding labyrinth; IX, glossopharyngeus nerve; X, vagus nerve. See Figure 2 for other abbreviations. Anterior facing left in all figures. Scale bars: 10 mm.

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FIG. 2 in A new look at the Cretaceous Lamprey Mesomyzon Chang, Zhang & Miao, 2006 from the Jehol Biota

FIG. 2. — Mesomyzon mengae Chang, Zhang & Miao, 2006, new adult individuals and morphological restoration: A, photograph of IVPP V 15027; B, photograph of IVPP V 15449; C, photograph of IVPP V 14981B; D, restoration of the general appearance of Mesomyzon, dotted circle behind the eyes representing the otic capsule. Abbreviations: adf, anterior dorsal fin; bp, branchial pouches; cf, caudal fin; cl, cloaca; e, eye(s); egp, external gill pores; od, oral disc; pdf, posterior dorsal fin. Scale bars: 10 mm.

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FIG. 1 in A new look at the Cretaceous Lamprey Mesomyzon Chang, Zhang & Miao, 2006 from the Jehol Biota

FIG. 1. — Generalized anatomy of living lampreys: A, schematic sagittal section through head and pharyngeal region; the vessels, esophagus, respiratory tube, and parts of the heart are shown with portions cut away, rather than in sagittal section; redrawn after De Iuliis & Pulerà 2011, with the structures of the nasohypophysial complex labelled after Janvier 1974; B, the cranial skeleton of an adult lamprey, redrawn after Hardisty & Potter 1981; C, arrangement pattern of the cranial nerves, redrawn after Marinelli & Strenger 1954; D, oral disc of an adult lamprey showing the keratinous teeth and other associated structures. The dotted lines delineate the various fields. Redrawn after Renaud 2011.

Fig. 6 in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 6. Echiura gen. et sp. indet. from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Castle Bank, Wales, UK, NMW.2021.3G.102. A1, overall view; A2, proboscis; A3, caudal region; A4, close up showing projections from anal region. A1 in plane-polarised light, A2–A4 in cross-polarised light.

Fig. 5 in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 5. Reconstruction of Llwygarua suzannae gen. et sp. nov.; observed size range: 5.5 to 7 mm long.

Fig. 1. A in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 1. A. Location of Castle Bank within Wales (highlighted within UK, inset). B. Stratigraphic position within the sequence of the Builth-Llandrindod Inlier. Asterisk indicates Castle Bank locality.

Fig. 3 in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 3. Thalassematid echiuran Llwygarua suzannae gen. et sp. nov., from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Castle Bank, Wales, UK, paratype NMW.2021.3G.100. A1, overall view; A2, close up showing detail of central region of trunk, with muscle arrangement of longitudinal and oblique muscle bundles (arrowed); A3, proboscis with anterior projections arrowed, A5, close up showing reticulate structure; A4, caudal region with irregular structures possibly resulting from damage.

Fig. 4 in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 4. Thalassematid echiuran Llwygarua suzannae gen. et sp. nov., from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Castle Bank, Wales, UK, NMW.2021.3G.101. A1, overall view of worm in probably dorsal view; A2, proboscis and midline structures; A3, detail of apex of proboscis, the anterior projections faintly visible (arrowed); A4, counterpart of A1; A5, close up of A4 showing caudal region.

Fig. 2 in A new thalassematid echiuran worm from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota of Wales, UK

Fig. 2. Recent thalassematid echiuran (A) and a fossil equivalent (B). A.?Ochetostoma sp., highlighting significant features for comparison with the fossils (photograph courtesy of Arthur Anker), typical length 10–20 cm. B. Holotype of Llwygarua suzannae gen. et sp. nov., from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Castle Bank, Wales, UK, NMW.2021.3G.99 showing overall specimen in slightly oblique lateral view (B1); enlargement with anterior ventral part of trunk (B4), showing one anterior seta (white arrow) and probably second seta (black arrow); detail of proboscis in cross-polarised light (B5), showing reticulate structure and anterior projections adjacent to midline; central region of trunk with distinctive wrinkling of cuticle in response to compression (B2), and proboscis in plane-polarised light (B3), with anterior projections arrowed.