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156 results for “bone histology”
Figure 1 in Histological data on bone and teeth in two dragonfishes (Stomiidae; Stomiiformes): Borostomias panamensis Regan & Trewavas, 1929 and Stomias boa Reinhardt, 1842
Figure 1. – Stomias boa. Cleared and double-stained specimen. Lateral view of the skull showing the jaws with their long sharp teeth (arrow-heads), the suspensorium, the shoulder girdle, and the anterior part of the vertebral column. cl: cleithrum; dt: dentar; hy: hyomandibular; pmx: premaxillary; vt: vertebral column. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 4 in Histological data on bone and teeth in two dragonfishes (Stomiidae; Stomiiformes): Borostomias panamensis Regan & Trewavas, 1929 and Stomias boa Reinhardt, 1842
Figure 4. – Borostomias panamensis (Azan). A: Section of a visceral arch showing the numerous vascular cavities (vc) limited by relatively thin bony trabeculae. No embedded osteocytes are seen in the bony tissue (bo). The two arrowheads point to resorbing bone. B: Cross section of a vertebra showing a cartilaginous neural arch fused to the bony vertebral centrum. The cartilaginous tissue (car) is surrounded by a perichondral layer (pcb) of acellular bone. cho: chordal tissue: vc: vascular cavity. Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B = 50 μm.
Figure 2 in Histological data on bone and teeth in two dragonfishes (Stomiidae; Stomiiformes): Borostomias panamensis Regan & Trewavas, 1929 and Stomias boa Reinhardt, 1842
Figure 2. – Stomias boa. Tomographic imaging of the right jaw. A: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the external (labial side) anterior part of the jaw, showing a caniniform tooth. The external surface of the tooth is smooth (asterisk). The arrowhead and the arrow point to the unmineralized ligament of the fang and to a small tooth, respectively. B: Virtual parasagittal section of the anterior part of the jaw showing the pulp cavity of the same tooth than in Fig. 2A. The walls of the pulp cavity are perfectly smooth (asterisk). Both arrowheads point to the unmineralized ligament of the tooth. Dt: dentar. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 16 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 16. Detailed images of the EFS of both the SMA 0084 "Rich" samples. A, EFS of SMA 0084 "Rich" tibia, in which a cycle of faster growth is included (indicated by arrow). B, EFS of SMA 0084 "Rich" fibula, which also shows a cycle of faster growth (indicated by arrow). Images taken under plane-polarized light.
FIGURE 13 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 13. Images of all forelimb samples taken from SMA 0011 "Max". A, humerus (r). B, humerus (l). C, ulna (l). D, radius (l). For all samples, the bone tissue types are indicated to the left, and the number and patterns of the visible growth cycles are indicated to the right. Abbreviations; D: Bone tissue type D, E: Bone tissue type E, F: Bone tissue type F, MC: Medullary cavity, RA: Remodeled area.
FIGURE 2 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 2. Detailed quarry map of the Howe Scott Quarry with finds from excavation seasons 1995-2003. The color coding reflects the hypothesis of skeletal unity based on field observations (Ayer, 2000). Sauropods are indicated in red in the legend. The arrows indicate the sampled bones used in this study. The quarry map was made by E. Premru, and provided by the Sauriermuseum Aathal, Aathal, Switzerland. Note that SMA M16/12-3 is not marked on the map due to a coordinate inaccuracy, which makes it impossible to correctly locate bone SMA M16/12-3 on the quarry map.
FIGURE 1 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 1. Detailed quarry map of the Howe-Stephens Quarry with finds from excavation seasons 1992-2001. The color coding reflects the hypothesis of skeletal unity based on field observations (Ayer, 2000). Sauropods are indicated in red text in the legend. Note that the 2002 season, which was the last season for the Howe-Stephens Quarry, only uncovered another silicified tree trunk, which was found below the partial skeletons of SMA 0002 "E.T." and SMA no # "Brösmeli". The arrows indicate the sampled bones used in this study. This quarry map was made by E. Premru, and provided by the Sauriermuseum Aathal, Aathal, Switzerland.
FIGURE 15 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 15. Images of both samples taken from SMA 0084 "Rich". A, tibia (l). B, fibula (l). For all samples, the bone tissue types are indicated to the left, and the number and patterns of the visible growth cycles are indicated to the right. Abbreviations; EFS: External fundamental system, MC: Medullary cavity, RA: Remodeled area.
FIGURE 3 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 3. The innermost cortex of fibula SMA 0084 "Rich" with the three visible generations of secondary osteons. The numbers indicate the three overlapping secondary osteons. Image taken under plane-polarized light.
FIGURE 12 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 12. Several histological structures observed in the anterior section of the femur of SMA 0014 "Jacques". A, Large circular structure, which possesses clear circumferentially orientated vascular canals. B, Close-up of the circular structure and the vascular canals. C, D, F, Cycles which show unorganized bone tissue, and varying vascular canal orientations. E, Close-up of unorganized bone tissue cycle. Images taken under plane-polarized light.
FIGURE 11 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 11. Images of all samples taken from SMA 0014 "Jacques". A, femur (r), drilled on the anterior side. B, femur (r), drilled on the posterior side. C, tibia (r). For all samples, the bone tissue types are indicated to the left, and the number and patterns of the visible growth cycles are indicated to the right. Abbreviations; D: Bone tissue type D, E: Bone tissue type E, F: Bone tissue type F, MC: Medullary cavity, RA: Remodeled area.
FIGURE 14 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 14. Images of all hindlimb samples taken from SMA 0011 "Max". A, femur (l), drilled on the anterior side. B, femur (l), drilled on the posterior side. C, tibia (l). D, fibula (l). E, SMA M16/12-3 femur (l). For all samples, the bone tissue types are indicated to the left, and the number and patterns of the visible growth cycles are indicated to the right. Abbreviations; D: Bone tissue type D, E: Bone tissue type E, EFS: External fundamental system, F: Bone tissue type F, MC: Medullary cavity, RA: Remodeled area.
FIGURE 9 in Testing hypothesis of skeletal unity using bone histology: The case of the sauropod remains from the Howe-Stephens and Howe Scott quarries (Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA)
FIGURE 9. Images of all samples taken from the isolated bones SMA G47/87-1, G47/87-1 and G50/91-1. A, SMA G46/87-1 humerus (l). B, SMA G50/91-1 humerus (r). C, SMA G47/87-1 femur (l). For all samples, the bone tissue types are indicated to the left, and the number and patterns of the visible growth cycles are indicated to the right. Abbreviations; D: Bone tissue type D, E: Bone tissue type E, MC: Medullary cavity, RA: Remodeled area.
FIGURE 13 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 13. Average bone apatite crystallite size (in Å) for the fossil bones from Vrabchov dol and Labirinta cave.
FIGURE 12. X in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 12. X-ray diffraction patterns of fossil bones from Vrabchov dol and Labirinta cave. The Miller indices of different Bragg reflections of fluorapatite are given on the top diffractogram. Abbreviations: Cal–Calcite; Mrc–Marcasite; Qz–Quartz.
FIGURE 8 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 8. Osteohistology of the Bulgarian ornithomimosaur, specimen NMNHS F-31436–a partial left humerus, in transmitted cross-polarized light. Arrow in the lower right corner of each image indicates the direction of the periosteum. 1, Endosteal bone lining the medullary cavity and dense Haversian bone in the inner cortex; 2, Dense Haversian tissue extending up to the outermost cortex and sub-periosteally deposited lamellar primary bone, which probably represents incipient external fundamental system; 3, Interstices of laminar primary bone tissue with relatively organized bone scaffolding and longitudinal primary osteons preserved between the numerous densely packed secondary osteons. Up to 4 generations of secondary osteons can be recognized on the image; 4, Interstices of preserved primary bone tissues. Abbreviations: eb–endosteal bone; efs–external fundamental system; lb–lamellar bone; po–primary osteon; so–secondary osteon; wpc–woven-parallel complex. Scale bar equals 1–500 µm; 2-4–200 µm.
FIGURE 1. General geological settings. 1 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 1. General geological settings. 1, Tectonic map of Bulgaria (after Ivanov, 2017); 2, Geological scheme for part of the Western Srednogorie zone and position of the dinosaur bone locality (after Sinnyovsky et al., 2012; simplified).
FIGURE 5 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 5. Scanned images of the processed cross-section surface of Vrabchov dol's fossil bone fragments and osteohistology of specimen U.S., K21586 in reflected light. The dashed line in Figures 5.2-3 illustrates missing parts of the cortex. Blue arrow-heads mark a line of arrested growth (LAG). 1, The original whole bone fragment polished section of specimen U.S., K21586 after sectioning for thin-section U.S., K21586-1; 2, The whole bone section of U.S., K21586 after the further sectioning; 3, Partial bone fragment polished section of specimen NMNHS FR-16; 4-6, Different sections of specimen U.S., K21586 bone wall periphery following a single LAG formed sub-periosteally. Some large primary osteons with wide lumina are easily observed above the LAG. Abbreviations: c–cortex/compact bone tissue; cb–cancellous bone tissue; mr–medullary region; po–primary osteon; so–secondary osteon. Scale bar equals 2 cm (Figures 5.1-3); 1 mm (Figures 5.4-6).
FIGURE 4 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 4. Scanned images of studied thin-sections prepared from the Vrabchov dol's fossil fragments, illustrating the degree of cortical loss during preparation, the size of medullary region, and the extent and spatial distribution of cancellous bone tissue. Solid black line illustrates the original cross-sectional form of the fossils. 1, Thin-section U.S., K21586-1; 2, Thin-section U.S., K21586-2; 3, Thin-section U.S., K21586-3; 4, A single thin-section from specimen NMNHS FR-16. Abbreviations: c–cortex/compact bone tissue; cb–cancellous bone tissue; mr–medullary region. Scale bar equals 2 cm.
FIGURE 7 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 7. Osteohistology of specimen NMNHS FR-16, a putative titanosaurian long bone fragment, in transmitted cross-polarized light. Arrow in the lower right corner of each image indicates the direction of the periosteum. 1, Heavily remodeled outer cortex with anisotropic primary bone tissues preserved as interstices between secondary osteons; 2, Same area with preserved primary cortex as 1, but at higher magnification. Primary osteons appear to be longitudinal; 3, Dense Haversian bone with 4 generations of secondary osteons in the outer third of the cortex. Abbreviations: po–primary osteon; so–secondary osteon; wpc–woven-parallel complex. Scale bar equals 1–200 µm; 2-3 –100 µm.
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