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32 results for “bonobo”

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dryad28/100

Data from: Chimpanzees, bonobos and children successfully coordinate in conflict situations

Social animals need to coordinate with others to reap the benefits of group-living even when individuals' interests are misaligned. We compare how chimpanzees, bonobos and children coordinate their actions with a conspecific in a Snowdrift game, which provides a model for understanding how organisms coordinate and make decisions under conflict. In study 1, we presented pairs of chimpanzees, bonobos and children with an unequal reward distribution. In the critical condition, the preferred reward could only be obtained by waiting for the partner to act, with the risk that if no one acted, both would lose the rewards. Apes and children successfully coordinated to obtain the rewards. Children used a 'both-partner-pull' strategy and communicated during the task, while some apes relied on an 'only-one-partner-pulls' strategy to solve the task, although there were also signs of strategic behaviour as they waited for their partner to pull when that strategy led to the preferred reward. In study 2, we presented pairs of chimpanzees and bonobos with the same set-up as in study 1 with the addition of a non-social option that provided them with a secure reward. In this situation, apes had to actively decide between the unequal distribution and the alternative. In this set-up, apes maximized their rewards by taking their partners' potential actions into account. In conclusion, children and apes showed clear instances of strategic decision-making to maximize their own rewards while maintaining successful coordination.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

dryad28/100

Dataset female gregariousness in bonobos and chimpanzees

<p>Spatial association between females often mirrors pattern and strength of social relationships and cooperation within groups. Here we test for proposed differences in female-female associations and the role of sexual signaling between the two species of the genus <i>Pan</i> that have been linked to difference in female cooperation. Unlike previous studies, we found only limited evidence for a higher female-female gregariousness in bonobos. While bonobo females exhibited a slightly higher average number of females in their parties, there was neither a species difference in the time females spent alone, nor in the number of female party members in the absence of sexually attractive females. We found that the more frequent presence of maximally tumescent females in bonobos was associated with a significantly stronger increase in the number of female party members, independent of variation in food abundance. This indicates that conditions leading to changes in female sexual signaling ultimately affect female associations, potentially leading to marked behavioural differences between chimpanzees and bonobos. Our findings refute the idea that the higher gregariousness among bonobo females is driven by ecological factors alone and highlight that the temporal distribution of female sexual receptivity is an important factor to consider when studying mammal sociality.</p>

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

dryad28/100