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113 results for “breeding ecology”
Figure 4 in Breeding ecology of Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus in central Amazonian Brazil
Figure 4. Egg of Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 2016 (Gabriel Augusto Leite)
Figure 2 in Breeding ecology of Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus in central Amazonian Brazil
Figure 2. Adult Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus on the nest, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 2015 (Marcelo Henrique Mello Barreiros)
Figure 5 in Breeding ecology of Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus in central Amazonian Brazil
Figure 5. Adult Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus on the nest, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 2017 (Marcelo Henrique Mello Barreiros)
Figure 1 in Breeding ecology of Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus in central Amazonian Brazil
Figure 1. Map of the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and the distances between the three nests.
Data for: Zebra finch song ecology: monitoring of breeding, observational transects, focal and year-round acoustic recordings, and a large-scale simultaneous playback experiment
<p class="MsoNormal">Male songbirds sing to establish territories and to attract mates. However, increasing reports of singing in non-reproductive contexts and by females show that song use is more diverse than previously considered. Therefore, alternative functions of song, such as social cohesion and synchronisation of breeding, by and large were overlooked even in such well-studied species as the zebra finch (<em>Taeniopygia guttata</em>). In these social songbirds only the males sing and pairs breed synchronously in loose colonies following aseasonal rain events in their arid habitat. As males are not territorial, and pairs form long-term monogamous bonds early in life, conventional theory predicts that zebra finches should not sing much at all; yet they do and their song is the focus of hundreds of lab-based studies. We hypothesise that zebra finch song functions to maintain social cohesion and to synchronise breeding. Here we test this idea using data from five years of field studies, including observational transects, focal and year-round audio recordings, and a large-scale playback experiment. We show that zebra finches frequently sing while in groups, that breeding status influences song output at the nest and at aggregations, that they sing year-round, and that they predominantly sing when with their partner, suggesting that song remains important after pair formation. Our playback reveals that song actively features in social aggregations as it attracts conspecifics. Together, these results demonstrate that birdsong has important functions beyond territoriality and mate choice, illustrating its importance in coordination and cohesion of social units within larger societies.</p>
It is good to be average: Ecological correlates of breeding phenology in an Arctic seabird, Alle alle (Dovekie)
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Black-capped and mountain chickadee hybridization and breeding ecology in Boulder County, CO
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Data for: Zebra finch song ecology: monitoring of breeding, observational transects, focal and year-round acoustic recordings, and a large-scale simultaneous playback experiment
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Songbird surveys , 1952 - 1964, 1983 - 2008 Adirondack Long-Term Ecological Monitoring Program Project No. 2 Breeding Birds by Adirondack Ecological Center of the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Newcomb, New York. Environmental Data Initiative.
Study objectives were to (1) Document long-term trends in relative abundance and diversity of breeding forest birds (songbirds) in forest stands with different harvest histories and (2) Identify bird species that can be used as indicators of habitat change or degradation. Declines in neotropical migrants have been linked to changes in habitat quantity and quality across species' range. Songbirds that nest and forage in different habitat types or at different heights in the forest canopy may not be affected equally by forest change or management. We detected breeding songbirds using point-counts at Huntington Wildlife Forest (HWF) in the central Adirondack Mountains of New York during 1983-2000 and modeled on an original songbird point count dataset from Webb et al. (1977). Relative abundance (RA, the number of individual birds/count) was measured in sites with differing management histories, from an unmanaged >300-year-old stand to a stand cut with the shelterwood/overstory removal method just prior to sampling in 1983). Over eighty bird species were detected during the study duration. Songbird ecology and habitat characteristics can be used to understand long-term changes in relative abundance as related to forest change.
Figure 1 in Breeding ecology of the fulvous parrotbill (Paradoxornis fulvifrons) in Wawushan Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
Figure 1. Full clutch laid in the nest of fulvous parrotbills.
Fig.1 in Breeding Ecology Of The Pied Avocet, Recurvirostra Avosetta (Charadriformes, Recurvirostidae) In Tiffech Lake (Souk Ahras, Northeastern Algeria)
Fig.1. General view of Tiffech Lake, Algeria.
TABLE 1 in Breeding ecology of Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus in central Amazonian Brazil
<p>TABLE 1 Measurements at two nests of Rufous Potoo <i>Nyctibius bracteatus</i> at the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, north of Manaus, in central Amazonian Brazil</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Nesta</th><th>2015</th><th><b>2017</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Height above ground</th><td>4.3 m</td><td>5.1 m</td></tr><tr><th>Diameter at breast height</th><td>not measured</td><td>37.3 mm</td></tr><tr><th>External diameter of nest</th><td>27.7 mm</td><td>33.8 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Internal diameter of nest</th><td>19.8 mm</td><td>28.2 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Depth of nest</th><td>23.1 mm</td><td>22.2 mm</td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup>a</sup> The nest tree in 2016 was not studied in detail because it was damaged before it could be measured.</p>
TABLE 2 in Breeding ecology of Rufous Potoo Nyctibius bracteatus in central Amazonian Brazil
<p>TABLE 2 Adult and chick behaviour and plumage development at the nest in 2015, from the first days after hatching until the day the young left the nest.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Date</th><th>Behaviour</th><th>Chick appearance</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>28/9/2015</th><td>Nestling observed for first time; adult perched nearby.</td><td>Basically pale beige.</td></tr><tr><th>29/9/2015</th><td>Adult and nestling on nest. Nestling more active and visible (head protruding from adult’s belly)</td><td>Basically white.</td></tr><tr><th>9/10/2015</th><td>Nestling partially visible. Both birds observed making the rocking motion. Adult alert while chick constantly scratched and defecated.</td><td>Pale; no feathers on face; wings and tail rachis developing. First feathers light brown with dark brown tips.</td></tr><tr><th>14/10/2015</th><td>Adult and nestling observed stretching their wings and performing rocking movements.</td><td>Face and body with mid-brown feathers and more dark brown tips noted. Medium brown primaries also had dark tips.</td></tr><tr><th>16/10/2015</th><td>Adult facing differently and chick more obvious. This was the last time we saw the adult brooding the fledging by day.</td><td>Darker, especially on the back. Both wings and tail longer. All feather tips darker, almost black.</td></tr><tr><th>19/10/2015</th><td>Nestling observed alone on nest for first time. One adult was seen perched on a horizontal branch <i>c</i>. 20m away.</td><td>Longer contour feathers with darker tips noted. Difference between darker back and paler belly easily visible. The pointed feathers over the eyes, evident on adults, now present. Iris brighter than a few days earlier.</td></tr><tr><th>25/10/2015</th><td>Chick notably larger and performing a rocking motion. No adults seen.</td><td>Rufous coloration, predominant in adults, starting to be evident, especially on wing and tail feathers. First white spots on back and wings now visible.</td></tr><tr><th>1/11/2015</th><td>An adult fed the young at dusk a few times, remaining less than a minute at the nest.</td><td>Rufous colour, especially on primaries and tail, more evident. Smaller black spots on feather tips and more white feathers with black tips visible. Some bars on tail.</td></tr><tr><th>7/11/2015</th><td>The last day when the chick was observed at the nest.</td><td>Rufous tail feathers much longer and barred. Also, wings longer, and secondaries had some narrow bars. Body feathers in general darker and uniform, with some brighter brown feathers on belly.</td></tr><tr><th>9/11/2015</th><td>Fledgling seen away from nest, perched on a branch <i>c</i>. 3 m from the nest and lower than it.</td><td>Very long and heavily barred tail feathers, more rufous on back and head. Primaries light brown and secondaries rufous with black tips.</td></tr></tbody></table>
Use of geolocators for investigating breeding ecology of a rock crevice-nesting seabird: method validation and impact assessment
<p>1: Investigating ecology of marine animals, imposes a continuous challenge due to their temporal and/or spatial unavailability. Light-based geolocators (GLS) are animal-borne devices that provide relatively cheap and efficient method to track seabird movement and are commonly used to study migration. Here we explore the potential of GLS data to establish individual behaviour during the breeding period in a rock crevice-nesting seabird, the Little Auk, Alle alle. 2: By deploying GLS on 12 breeding pairs, we developed a methodological workflow to extract birds' behaviour from GLS data (nest attendance, colony attendance and foraging activity), and validated its accuracy using behaviour extracted from a well-established method based on video recordings. We also compared breeding outcome, as well as behavioural patterns of logged individuals with a control group treated similarly in all aspects except for the deployment of a logger, to assess short-term logger effects on fitness and behaviour. 3: We found a high accuracy of GLS-established behavioural patterns, especially during the incubation and early chick rearing period (when birds spend relatively long time in the nest). We observed no apparent effect of logger deployment on breeding outcome of logged pairs, but recorded some behavioural changes in logged individuals (longer incubation bouts and shorter foraging trips). 4: Our study provides a useful framework for establishing behavioural patterns (nest attendance and foraging) of a crevice-nesting seabird from GLS data (light and conductivity), especially during incubation and early chick rearing period. Given that GLS deployment does not seem to affect the breeding outcome of logged individuals but does affect fine-scale behaviour, our framework is likely to be applicable to a variety of crevice/burrow nesting seabirds, even though precautions should be taken to reduce deployment effect. Finally, because each species may have its own behavioural and ecological specificity, we recommend performing a pilot study before implementing the method in a new study system.</p>
Use of geolocators for investigating breeding ecology of a rock crevice-nesting seabird: method validation and impact assessment
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Data from: Sex- and age-related differences in post-breeding molt phenology are phylogenetically and ecologically widespread in passerines
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Eye size and investment in frogs and toads correlate with adult habitat, activity pattern and breeding ecology
<p></p><p>Frogs and toads (Amphibia: Anura) display diverse ecologies and behaviours, which are often correlated with visual capacity in other vertebrates. Additionally, anurans exhibit a broad range of relative eye sizes, which have not previously been linked to ecological factors in this group. We measured relative investment in eye size and corneal size for 220 species of anurans representing all 55 currently recognized families and tested whether they were correlated with six natural history traits hypothesized to be associated with the evolution of eye size. Anuran eye size was significantly correlated with habitat, with notable decreases in eye investment among fossorial, subfossorial and aquatic species. Relative eye size was also associated with mating habitat and activity pattern. Compared to other vertebrates, anurans have relatively large eyes for their body size, indicating that vision is probably of high importance. Our study reveals the role that ecology and behaviour may have played in the evolution of anuran visual systems and highlights the usefulness of museum specimens, and importance of broad taxonomic sampling, for interpreting macroecological patterns.</p><p></p>
Data from: Variable helper effects, ecological conditions, and the evolution of cooperative breeding in the acorn woodpecker
The ecological conditions leading to delayed dispersal and helping behavior are generally thought to follow one of two contrasting scenarios: that conditions are stable and predictable resulting in young being ecologically forced to remain as helpers (extrinsic constraints and the "habitat saturation" hypothesis), or that conditions are highly variable and unpredictable leading to the need for helpers to raise young, at least when conditions are poor (intrinsic constraints and the "hard life" hypothesis). We investigated how variability in ecological conditions influences the degree to which helpers augment breeder fitness in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), a species in which the acorn crop, territory quality, and prior breeding experience all vary in ways that have important effects on fitness. We found that the relationship between ecological conditions and the probability that birds would remain as helpers was variable, but that helpers generally yielded greater fitness benefits when ecological conditions were favorable, rather than unfavorable, for breeding. These results affirm the importance of extrinsic constraints to delayed dispersal and cooperative breeding in this species, despite this species' dependence on a highly variable and unpredictable acorn crop. Our findings also confirm that helpers can have very different fitness effects depending on conditions, but that those effects are not necessarily greater when breeding conditions are unfavorable.
Data from: Ecological causes and consequences of intratropical migration in temperate-breeding migratory birds
New discoveries from direct tracking of temperate-breeding passerines show that intratropical migration (ITM) occurs in a growing number of species, which has important implications for understanding their evolution of migration, population dynamics, and conservation needs. Our large sample size ([Formula: see text]) for purple martins (Progne subis subis) tracked with geolocators to winter sites in Brazil, combined with geolocator deployments at breeding colonies across North America, allowed us to test hypotheses for ITM, something which has not yet been possible to do for other species. ITM in purple martins was not obligate; only 44% of individuals exhibited ITM, and movements were not coordinated in time or space. We found no evidence to support the resource hypothesis; rainfall and temperature experienced by individual birds during their last 2 weeks at their first roost site were similar to conditions at their second roost site after ITM. Birds generally migrated away from the heavily forested northwestern Amazon to less forested regions to the south and east. ITM in this aerial insectivore appears to support the competition-avoidance hypothesis and may be triggered by increasing local density in the core wintering region. Full life cycle models and migratory networks will need to incorporate ITM to properly address seasonal carryover effects and identify which wintering regions are most important for conservation.
Data from: Resolving the paradox of environmental quality and sociality: the ecological causes and consequences of cooperative breeding in two lineages of birds
Cooperatively breeding animals occur in virtually every ecosystem on earth. Comparative and biogeographic studies suggest that that both benign and harsh, as well as stable and fluctuating, environments can favor the evolution of cooperative breeding behavior. The fact that cooperative societies occur in environments of such contrasting quality creates a paradox of environmental quality and sociality. The dual-benefits framework—which leads to the prediction that the ecological consequences of sociality (e.g. range size) vary depending on the benefits that individuals of each species receive by forming social groups—offers a potential resolution to this paradox. Here, we use a case study of two avian lineages, starlings (Sturnidae) and hornbills (Bucerotidae), in which environmental unpredictability appears to have opposite effects on the evolution of cooperation to test the dual-benefits framework. Consistent with previous work, harsh and unpredictable environments promote cooperative breeding behavior in starlings, which in turn leads to larger geographic ranges. However, cooperatively breeding hornbills occur in benign and stable environments, but sociality does not influence range size. Our study suggests that the paradox of environmental quality and sociality arises largely because cooperative breeding is an umbrella term, encompassing social species that form groups for different reasons. Differentiating between these reasons that social groups form is crucial for developing a predictive framework for understanding the evolution of cooperative breeding behavior.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.