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FIGURE 17. Turkish Rhabdosciadium species R in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 17. Turkish Rhabdosciadium species R. hizanense (from the holotype, M. Fırat 32618): a1. Habit; a2. Basal leaves; a3. Fruit. R. anatolyi (from the epitype, M. Fırat 30400): b1. Habit; b2. Basal leaves; b3. Fruit. R. urusakii (topotype M. Fırat 31256): c1. Habit; c2. Basal leaves; c3. Fruit. R. microcalycinum (foto: A. Duran): d1. Habit; d2. Basal leaves; d3. Fruit. R. oligocarpum: e1. Habit (foto: A. Duran); e2. Basal leaves (foto: A. Duran); e3. Fruit (ISTE 99651).

FIGURE 16 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 16. Primary ridges of Rhabdosciadium hizanense (A) and R. anatolyi (B). e: Epidermis; bd: Vascular bundle; Vit: Vittae; Hc: Hypodermal collenchyma; ps: phloem sclerenchyma;. Xs: xylem sclerenchyma Scale bar = 50 μm.

FIGURE 14. A in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 14. A proliferating umbel of Rhabdosciadium anatolyi at the fruiting stage. P: Peduncle; B: Bract; 1. First-degree umbel; 2. Second-degree umbellules; BR: bracteoles; M: Remains of the male flowers; MER: Mericarps that developed from the central hermaphrodite flower; C: Slightly curved fruit when one of the mericarps is not fully developed; S: Some mericarps, slightly stalked at the base (from the epitype, M. Fırat 30400).

FIGURE 13. A in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 13. A proliferating umbel and umbellules of Rhabdosciadium anatolyi that form a second- or third-degree irregularly branched inflorescence. P: Peduncle; B: Bract; 1. First-degree umbel rays; 2. Second-degree umbellule rays; 3. Third-degree umbellule rays; 4. Pedicels (from the epitype, M. Fırat 30400).

FIGURE 12 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 12. Paniculate corymbose inflorescence (general view and detail) of Rhabdosciadium anatolyi (from the epitype, M. Fırat 30400).

FIGURE 8 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 8. Umbels, fruits, and leaves of Rhabdosciadium hizanense (from the holotype, M. Fırat 32618).

FIGURE 3 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Careae members based on a combined data of the ML and Bayesian analyses. GenBank sequence IDs are given next to species. BS and PP values are given on the branches. Hyphen (-) indicates BS and PP values below than 70% and 0.9, respectively.

FIGURE 1 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the Rhabdosciadium species in Turkey: R. hizanense (red), R. anatolyi (blue), R. microcalycinum (purple), R. oligocarpum (grey), and R. urusakii (black).

FIGURE 2 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the species Rhabdosciadium in the World: R. hizanense (red), R. anatolyi (blue), R. microcalycinum (purple), R. oligocarpum (grey), R. urusakii (black), R. aucheri (green), R. petiolare (orange), and R. straussii (yellow).

FIGURE 9 in Contributions to the taxonomy of the Irano-Turanian genus Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Nomenclatural notes, carpology, molecular phylogeny and the description of a new species from Bitlis (Turkey)

FIGURE 9. Rhabdosciadium anatolyi in habitat, with Prangos pabularia (from the epitype, M. Fırat 30400).

FIGURE 5 in New combinations in Asiatic Oxybasis (Amaranthaceae s.l.): evidence from morphological, carpological and molecular data

FIGURE 5. ML phylogenetic tree of ITS1 nucleotide sequences from Oxybasis sp., Chenopodiastrum murale, C. hybridum and C. coronopus. Bootstrap consensus tree built by Maximum Likelihood method. Bootstrap values higher than 70% are shown.

FIGURE 2 in New combinations in Asiatic Oxybasis (Amaranthaceae s.l.): evidence from morphological, carpological and molecular data

FIGURE 2. The distribution of Oxybasis micrantha (dots) based on the specimens seen, and O. gubanovii (triangles) based on Sukhorukov (1999, 2002) as well as additional Chinese specimens seen.

FIGURE 4. Parsimony cladogram inferred from ITS1 in New combinations in Asiatic Oxybasis (Amaranthaceae s.l.): evidence from morphological, carpological and molecular data

FIGURE 4. Parsimony cladogram inferred from ITS1 nucleotide sequences from Oxybasis sp., Chenopodiastrum murale, C. hybridum and C. coronopus. Bootstrap consensus tree built by Maximum Parsimony method. Bootstrap values higher than 70% are shown. The tree was rooted with Polygonum aviculare.

FIGURE 3. A–C in New combinations in Asiatic Oxybasis (Amaranthaceae s.l.): evidence from morphological, carpological and molecular data

FIGURE 3. A–C: Pericarp surface under SEM after soaking and critical point drying. D–H: Seedcoat ultrasculpture. A: Oxybasis rubra (Russia, Tula, no date, Tsinger & Kozhevnikov 613; MW); B: O. micrantha (China, Peiping, Prince Park, 1934, Kung 3771; PE- 00540057); C: O. gubanovii (Mongolia, Altai, vallis fl. Bulgan, 12 August 1982, Gubanov 5577; MW); D: O. rubra (Russia, Tula, no date, Tsinger & Kozhevnikov 613; MW); E: O. micrantha (China, Jinghe, Tuotuo, 31 August 1957, Guan 4782 (XJBI-00005764); F– G: O. gubanovii (Mongolia, Altay, August 2002, Ebel & Rudaya, no voucher); H: O. urbica (Russia, Kalmykia, Chernozemelsk distr., October 1996, Neronov s.n.; MW).

Figure 5 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 5 A SEM image with the close-up view of the achene body of Koelpinia macrantha, showing elongated slightly curved papillae, A from Pimenov et al. 447 (MW0891267) B SEM image with the close-up view of the marginal achene of Scorzonera pseudodivaricata with cylindrical papillae, B from Gubanov 8816 (MW0194378) C1, C2 image of the marginal achene of Epilasia hemilasia (left: general view, right: close-up view of the achene body with stout hair-like papillae [arrows]), C from Aidarova s.n. (FRU). Continued. D SEM image of the marginal achene body of S. pygmaea showing stout and short conglomerations, D from Quer 726 (B) E SEM image of the marginal achene body of S. inconspicua showing stout and short conglomerations, E from Nikitin s.n. (FRU) F SEM image of the marginal achene body of Koelpinia macrantha showing hooked spines on its surface. Each spine is covered with the elongated papillae, see also Fig. 4A). F from Pimenov et al. 447 (MW0891267) G close-up view of the achene body of S. aristata with verrucose ultrasculpture, G from Bornmüller s.n. (B) H close-up view of the achene body of Pterachaenia stewartii with a spinula), H from Anders 8990 (W0032145).

Figure 9 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 9 Schemes (A, C) and cross-sections of the achenes (B, D). A, BScorzonera divaricata (Scorzonera divaricata clade), B from Gubanov 8585 (MW0194347) C, DPterachaenia stewartii (Pterachaenia clade), D from Anders 8990 (W0032145). Designation of the colours in A and C: orange (A) – mechanical subepidermal sheath; grey (C) – wings; yellow – thin-walled parenchyma; hatched areas (A, C) – thick-walled (lignified) parenchyma; red – sclerenchyma (of parallel orientation); blue – seed coat; violet dots (A, C) – vestiges of vascular bundles in the seed coat; green – endosperm; central white area – seed hollow.

Figure 11 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 11 Schemes (A, C) and cross-sections of the achenes (B, D), Takhtajaniantha clade. A, BScorzonera pusilla (Takhtajaniantha type), B from Aidarova s.n. (FRU) C, DS. pseudodivaricata (Pseudodivaricata type), D from Gubanov 8816 (MW0194378). Designation of the colours: orange (A) – mechanical subepidermal parenchyma; yellow – thin-walled parenchyma; red – sclerenchyma (of parallel orientation); blue – seed coat; violet dots – vestiges of vascular bundles in the seed coat; green – endosperm; central white area – seed hollow.

Figure 14 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 14 Schemes (A, C) and cross-sections of the achenes (B, D). A, BScorzonera tragopogonoides (Piptopogon type), B from Kryltsov s.n. (MW0891887) C, DS. armeniaca (Podospermum type), D from Kuthatheladze s.n. (LE). Designation of the colours in A and C: yellow – thin-walled parenchyma; red – sclerenchyma (of parallel orientation); pink – sclerenchyma (of perpendicular orientation); dark blue – collenchymatous parenchyma (A); blue – seed coat; violet dots (A, C) – vestiges of vascular bundles in the seed coat (A) and in the pericarp (C); green – endosperm; central white area – seed hollow.

Figure 1 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 1 Majority consensus cladogram of the Scorzonera s.l. from the Bayesian analysis, based on the ITS dataset (support values: Maximum Parsimony jackknife, second line: Bayesian posterior probability and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap).

Figure 13 from: Zaika MA, Kilian N, Jones K, Krinitsina AA, Nilova MV, Speranskaya AS, Sukhorukov AP (2020) Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses. PhytoKeys 137: 1-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Figure 13 Schemes (A, C) and cross-sections of the achenes (B, D). A, BScorzonera humilis (Scorzonera clade), B from Tikhomirov & al. s.n. (MW0550805) C, DS. rhodantha (S. purpurea clade), D from Rechinger 18566 (B). Designation of the colours in A and C orange (C) – mechanical subepidermal parenchyma; yellow – thin-walled parenchyma (very small in C below the sclerenchyma); red – sclerenchyma (of parallel orientation); blue – seed coat; violet dots (A, C) – vestiges of vascular bundles in both pericarp and seed coat (A) and in the pericarp (C); green – endosperm; central white area – seed hollow.