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87 results for “climatic drivers”
Climate-associated variation in the drivers of benthic macroinvertebrate species-area relationships across shallow freshwater lakes
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Data from: Genetic, phenotypic, and environmental drivers of local adaptation and climate-change induced maladaptation in yellow warblers
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Identifying climatic drivers of hybridization with a new ancestral niche reconstruction method
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The roles of climate, geography and natural selection as drivers of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in a widespread amphibian Hyla annectans (Anura: Hylidae)
The role of geological events and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations as drivers of current patterns of genetic variation in extant species has been a topic of continued interest among evolutionary biologists. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies of widely distributed species are still rare, especially from Asia. Using geographically extensive sampling of many individuals and a large number of nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we studied the phylogeography and historical demography of Hyla annectans populations in southern China. Thirty-five sampled populations were grouped into seven clearly defined genetic clusters that closely match phenotype-based subspecies classification. These lineages diverged 2.32–5.23 million years ago, a timing that closely aligns with the rapid and drastic uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent southwest China. Demographic analyses and species distribution models indicate that different populations of this species have responded differently to past climatic changes. In the Hengduan Mountains, most populations experienced a bottleneck, whereas the populations located outside of the Hengduan Mountains have gradually declined in size since the end of the last glaciation. In addition, the levels of phenotypic and genetic divergence were strongly correlated across major clades. These results highlight the combined effects of geological events and past climatic fluctuations, as well as natural selection, as drivers of contemporary patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation in a widely distributed anuran in Asia.
Climate and mating systems as drivers of global diversity of parental care in frogs
<p><b>Aim</b></p> <p>Amphibians exhibit unusually diverse reproductive modes, including a wide array of parental care strategies. The evolutionary drivers of this diversity, however, remain unclear. Here we investigate three major factors which may predict interspecific variation in parental care strategies: climate, intrasexual selection and social environment. We hypothesise that some care forms evolved to cope with harsh conditions such as dry or unpredictable habitats. We contrast this prediction with the hypothesis that parental roles have coevolved with the social environment and mating systems. </p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>Global.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied</b></p> <p>Frogs and toads (Anura, Amphibia).</p> <p><b>Time period</b></p> <p>Extant taxa that represent approximately 220 million years of evolutionary history</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>Using geographic and behavioural data for 971 species of frogs and toads that represent 45 anuran families, we quantify the global distribution of four forms of parenting separately for males and females: nest building, nest and/or tadpole attendance, carrying and nourishment. We use phylogenetic comparative analyses to investigate whether climate, social environment and mating systems predict interspecific variation in parental care.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Our results show that climatic effects contribute to parental care diversity: under cool and humid climates males provide offspring attendance, while endotrophy, whereby the female provides all nutrients for the offspring until metamorphosis, occurs under predictable temperatures. In addition, we found other associations between mating systems and parental care forms: uniparental clutch attendance by males is present in species with territorial defence, while cooperative nest building co-occurs with sperm competition. The type of parental care is not associated with adult sex ratios.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p>No specific form of care is associated with hostile environments; actually, some care forms occur under beneficial conditions, while others are used independently from the climate. Instead, parenting diversity has closely coevolved with mating systems in frogs.</p>
Data from: A framework for simultaneous tests of abiotic, biotic, and historical drivers of species distributions: empirical tests for North American wood warblers based on climate and pollen
Understanding how abiotic, biotic and historical factors shape species distributions remains a central question in ecology, but studies linking biotic factors to continental-scale patterns remain scarce. Here, we present a novel framework for simultaneously testing patterns expected when abiotic, biotic or historical factors drive species range limits. We use ecological niche models to produce empirical estimates of the "Biotic, Abiotic, and Movement" paradigm (BAM diagrams), which previously had only been used theoretically. Based on climatic and pollen data, as well as explicit consideration of dispersal limitations, we implement the framework for a group of North American birds (Oreothlypis warblers) with clear habitat associations. Because the pollen-based predictor variables characterize vegetation, they represent biotic factors needed by each bird species. Although continental-scale patterns of distribution traditionally are attributed to abiotic factors, only one species matched the hypothesis of solely abiotic drivers. In contrast, pollen-based models indicate biotic drivers for two species, correctly predicting their absence in climatically suitable areas. These results highlight the feasibility of considering and quantifying potential effects of biotic interactions on species ranges, especial when interactions can be decoupled from abiotic factors. Furthermore, the availability of pollen data now and in the Holocene highlights the potential of these data to be used to predict range shifts of other organisms tightly dependent on particular vegetation types.
Data from: Herbivory and climate as drivers of woody plant growth: Do deer decrease the impacts of warming?
<p>Vegetation at ecotone transitions between open and forested areas is often heavily affected by two key processes: climate change and management of large herbivore densities. These both drive woody plant state-shifts, determining the location and the nature of the limit between open and tree or shrub-dominated landscapes. In order to adapt management to prevailing and future climate, we need to understand how browsing and climatic factors together affect the growth of plants at biome borders. To disentangle herbivory and climate effects, we combined long-term tree growth monitoring and dendroecology to investigate woody plant growth under different temperatures and red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) herbivory pressures at forest-moorland ecotones in the Scottish highlands. Reforestation and deer densities are core and conflicting management concerns in the area, and there is an urgent need for additional knowledge. We found that deer herbivory and climate had significant and interactive effects on tree growth: in the presence of red deer, pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) growth responded more strongly to annual temperature than in the absence of deer, possibly reflecting differing plant-plant competition and facilitation conditions. As expected, pine growth was negatively related to deer density and positively to temperature. However, at the tree population level, warming decreased growth when more than 60% of shoots were browsed. Heather (<i>Calluna vulgaris</i>) growth was negatively related to temperature and the direction of the response to deer switched from negative to positive when mean annual temperatures fell below 6.0°C. In addition, our models allow estimates to be made of how woody plant growth responds under specific combinations of temperature and herbivory, and show how deer management can be adapted to predicted climatic changes in order to more effectively achieve reforestation goals. Our results support the hypothesis that temperature and herbivory have interactive effects on woody plant growth, and thus accounting for just one of these two factors is insufficient for understanding plant growth mechanics at biome transitions. Furthermore, we show that climate-driven woody plant growth increases can be negated by herbivory.</p>
Data from: Disentangling competitive versus climatic drivers of tropical forest mortality
1. Tropical forest mortality is controlled by biotic and abiotic processes, but how these processes interact to determine forest structure is not well understood. Using long-term demography data from permanent forest plots at the Paracou Tropical Forest Research Station in French Guiana, we analyzed the relative influence of competition and climate on tree mortality. We found that self-thinning is evident at the stand level, and is associated with clumped mortality at smaller scales (< 2 m) and regular spacing of living trees at intermediate (2.5-7.5 m) scales. A competition index based on spatial clustering of dead trees was used to build predictive mortality models, which also accounted for climate interactions. 2. The model that most closely fitted observations included both the competition index and climatic variables, with climate-only and competition-only models performing worse than the full model. There was strong evidence for size-specific mortality, with highest mortality for small and very large trees, as well as sensitivity of trees to drought, especially when temperatures were high, and when soils were water saturated. The effect of the competition index was more complex than expected a priori: a higher CI index was associated with lower mortality odds, which we hypothesize is caused by gap-phase dynamics, but there was also evidence for competition-induced mortality at very high index values. 3. The strong signature of competition as a control over mortality at the stand and individual scales confirms that it plays a very important role in determining tropical forest structure. The complexity of the competition-mortality relationship and its interaction with climate indicates that a thorough consideration of the scale of analysis is needed when inferring the role of competition in tropical forests, but demonstrates that climate-only mortality models can be significantly improved by including competition effects, even when ignoring species-specific effects. 4. Synthesis Empirical models such as the one developed here can help constrain and improve process-based vegetation models, serving both as a benchmark and as a means to disentangle mortality processes. Tropical ecosystem dynamic models would benefit greatly from explicitly considering the role of competition in stand development and self-thinning while modeling demography, as well as its interaction with climate.
Drivers and mechanisms that contribute to microbial β-diversity patterns and range sizes in mountains across a climatic variability gradient
<p>Microbial communities are highly diverse, yet the mechanisms underlying microbial community assembly are not well understood. Janzen's mountain passes hypothesis proposed that climatic barriers and dispersal limitation shape communities to a greater extent in mountains with lower climatic variability and overlap, permitting higher levels of species coexistence. Here, we investigate changes in microbial community dissimilarities, distributional range sizes and ecological processes along elevational gradients in three montane ecosystems representing a climatic variability gradient. We found that climate, climatic variability and spatial distance play dominating roles in affecting microbial β-diversity patterns and range sizes along elevational gradients. Janzen's mountain passes hypothesis can be applied for microbial community assembly: mountains with lower climatic variability and higher climatic difference between elevations exhibited higher β-diversity, higher endemism, lower range sizes, and steeper distance-decay trends. However, microbial communities experience clear climate-driven limited range sizes and dispersal processes and show typical endemic patterns in all mountain ecosystems. Our results emphasize the importance of dispersal and climatic niche processes in shaping montane biodiversity. As a result, changes in climate may significantly impact soil biodiversity in montane ecosystems by altering the effects of dispersal limitation and climatic variability on bacterial and fungal community composition along elevational gradients.</p>
Climate model (CM2.6) and regional model (ACM) processed output used to investigate the physical drivers and biogeochemical effects of the weakening of the northwest North Atlantic Shelfbreak Jet (Garcia-Suarez & Fennel., 2024; JAMES)
<p>Key processed output from the climate model GFDL CM2.6 and the regional Atlantic Canada model (ACM) used to investigate the physical drivers and the biogeochemical effects of the weakening of the shelfbreak jet in the northwest North Atlantic Ocean. The dataset includes all model variables required to reproduce the key results in <em>Garcia-Suarez & Fennel (2024, JAMES)</em>. See <em>GarciaSuarezandFennel_JAMES_CM26_ACM_data_README_v2.txt</em> for more details.</p>
Host diversity outperforms climate as a global driver of symbiont diversity in the bird-feather mite system
<p><b>Aim: </b>The simultaneous influence of abiotic and biotic factors as main drivers of global species distributions remains poorly understood, especially in host-dependent groups. In this study, we diverge from traditional macroecological approaches by considering both biotic (avian species diversity) and abiotic (climatic) factors in determining the global distribution pattern of feather mite species richness, one of the most abundant and diverse bird ectosymbionts.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Global.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We used a global dataset of feather mite-bird interactions published in 2016, complemented with an up-to-date literature survey. We created statistical models designed to explain the effect of abiotic (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and energy-related variables) and biotic factors (bird species richness) on the species richness of feather mites. We used these models to predict global distribution patterns of mites and estimate each explanatory variable's relative importance in temperate and tropical regions.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>According to our models, bird species richness accounts for ~63% of the global distribution pattern of mites, which is ten times more relevant than climatic variables. Among abiotic drivers, precipitation intensity and seasonality were the most important variables, accounting for 10% of mite species richness. This figure is lower in tropical regions, where biotic factors are seven times more important than in temperate regions.</p> <p><b>Main Conclusions: </b>We demonstrate that global mite diversity was primarily determined by biotic and, to a lesser extent, abiotic factors. The relative importance of the predictive variables, however, varied between tropical and temperate regions. The strong association between bird species richness and feather mite species diversity at a global scale raises concerns about the potential for future co-extinctions.</p>
Drivers of nematode diversity in forest soils across climatic zones
<p>Nematodes are the most abundant multi-cellular animals in soil, influencing key processes and functions in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, little is known about the drivers of nematode abundance and diversity in forest soils across climatic zones. This is despite forests cover approximately 30% of the earth's land surface, provide many crucial ecosystem services but strongly vary in hydrothermal conditions and associated ecosystem properties across climatic zones. Here, we collected nematode samples from 13 forests across a latitudinal gradient. We divided this gradient in temperate, warm-temperate, and tropical climatic zones and found that across the gradient, nematode abundance and diversity were mainly influenced by soil organic carbon. However, mean annual temperature and total soil phosphorus in temperate zones, soil pH in warm-temperate zones, and mean annual precipitation in tropical zones were more important in driving nematode alpha-diversity, biomass and abundance. Additionally, nematode beta-diversity was higher in temperate than in warm-temperate and tropical zones. Together, our findings demonstrate that the drivers of nematode diversity in forested ecosystems are affected by the spatial scale and climatic conditions considered. This implies that high resolution studies are needed to accurately predict how soil functions respond if climate conditions move beyond the coping range of soil organisms.</p>
Comparison of Species Composition and Climate Drivers in High-Latitude Alpine Ecosystems and High-Altitude Alpine Ecosystems
<p>Plot-wise data of two distinct alpine ecosystems: the High-Latitude Alpine Ecosystems (HLAE) of Hardangervidda National Park.</p>
Model results and data associated with "Antecedent effect models as an exploratory tool to link climate drivers to herbaceous perennial population dynamics data"
<p>Model results and data (including Bayesian posteriors) associated with "Antecedent effect models as an exploratory tool to link climate drivers to 3 herbaceous perennial population dynamics data".</p> <p>This is a repository created to store the posteriors of the models fit within this project. Because these occupy so much space, it makes sense to store them in a separate repository.</p> <p>There are two directories:</p> <ul> <li><em>model_results/</em> contains all of the posteriors (files with character pattern <em>main_posterior_#.csv</em>). The three types of files contained in this directory are described in <em>metadata_model_results.xlsx</em>. The number # corresponds to column "index" in file <em>raw_data/design_insample.csv</em>.</li> <li><em>raw_data/</em> is mostly not essential: it contains the raw data to fit models, and it replicates folder <em>data/</em> in repository https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13909628.</li> </ul>
Early 21st century accelerated glacier shrinkage and associated climatic drivers in Bhaga basin, north-western Himalaya
<p>This study investigates the glacier changes in the Bhaga basin, western Himalaya during the last five decades based on various satellite imagery: Corona KH4 (1971), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+; 2000), Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor (LISS IV; 2013), Sentinel 2 (2016 and 2018). We compare glacier changes on spatial and temporal scales and their dependency on local topographic settings (elevation, slope, aspect, debris cover, presence of glacial lakes) and climatic fluctuations. Long-term (1900-present) reanalysis climatic datasets were evaluated to monitor the temperature and precipitation trend of the region. Glacier mapping from 2013 (LISS IV) images yielded 306 glaciers (>0.2 km²) with a total area of 360.3 ± 4.0 km², of which 55.7 ± 0.6 km² was covered by debris. Glaciers in the Bhaga basin lost -7.9 ± 1.5% (-0.17% yr¯¹) of ice during 1971-2018 with a significant heterogeneous rate within tributary watersheds. The number of analyzed glaciers increased by nine due to fragmentations. In recent decades (2000-18), the deglaciation rate has increased significantly (-0.25% yr¯¹) compared to previous decades (1971-2000; -0.12% yr¯¹). The retreat rate has been observed to be much lower than previously reported. Heterogeneous ice loss was mostly controlled by the size, altitudinal range, orientation, and debris cover. Analysis and inter-comparison of multiple gridded climatic data during the last century shows a drastic change in climatic trends around 2000 in western Himalaya. Asian Precipitation-Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (APHRODITE) data reveals an increasing trend in temperature (0.019° C yr¯¹) and a significant decreasing trend in precipitation (-1.969 mm yr¯¹) after 1990. The observed glacier change in the Bhaga basin is in similarity to the observed climatic trend for the western Himalaya.</p>
Understanding the local drivers of beta-diversity patterns under climate change: The case of seaweed communities in Galicia, North West of the Iberian Peninsula
<p>Aim: To understand spatial-temporal changes (beta-diversity) in coastal communities and their drivers in the context of climate change. Coastal ecosystems are extremely exposed and dynamic, where changes in seaweed assemblages have been associated with changing water temperatures. However, at the local scale, the effects of changes in the upwelling events and related stressors seek further exploration.<br> <br> Location: Galicia rías, North West of the Iberian Peninsula<br> <br> Methods: Using data collected in 42 sampling localities in Galicia rias and over two time periods (1998 and 2014), we analyzed changes in the seaweed community's composition through time and space. We calculated the temporal beta diversity index and spatial beta diversity as the pairwise composition differences between sampling localities. We use generalized dissimilarity models, to identify local environmental drivers of spatial and temporal beta-diversity.<br> <br> Results: We found a significant change in seaweed communities of Galicia rias, between 1998 and 2014 (temporal beta-diversity). They were mostly related to species loss rather than to species replacement. The dissimilarity among localities (spatial beta diversity) was significantly higher in 2014 than 1998. Nitrate concentration was consistently predicted as the main driver of both temporal and spatial beta-diversity patterns.<br> <br> Main conclusions: Unlike other studies in marine ecosystems, our results suggest that observed changes in the structure of perennial seaweed assemblages in Galicia Rias might lead to a local biotic heterogenization, indirectly linked to climate change through changes in nutrients availability and the upwelling intensity. Changes in Galicia seaweed communities call scientific attention to the importance of local stressors in climate change studies.</p>
Data from: Disentangling competitive versus climatic drivers of tropical forest mortality
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Drivers and mechanisms that contribute to microbial β-diversity patterns and range sizes in mountains across a climatic variability gradient
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Drivers of change in the realised climatic niche of terrestrial mammals
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Data from: Using joint species distribution modelling to identify climatic and non-climatic drivers of Afrotropical ungulate distributions
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.