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125 results for “cold adaptation”

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Data from: Cold adaptation across the elevation gradient in an alpine butterfly species complex

1. Temperature acts as a major factor on the timing of activity and behaviour in butterflies, and it might represent a key driver of butterfly diversification along elevation gradients. Under this hypothesis, local adaptation should be found along the elevation gradient, with butterflies from high elevation populations able to remain active at lower ambient temperature than those from low elevation. 2. We recorded the warming-up rate and the thoracic temperature at take-off of 123 individuals of the Alpine butterfly species complex Coenonympha arcania - C. macromma - C. gardetta in controlled conditions. 3. Warming-up rate increased with elevation within C. arcania: high elevation males of C. arcania were able to warm-up more quickly, as compared to low elevation ones. 4. High elevation C. gardetta had a darker underwing pattern than low elevation ones. This high-elevation species was significantly smaller (lower weight and wing surface) than the two other species, and had a faster warming up rate. 5. Our results suggest that the ability to warm-up quickly and to take-flight at a high body temperature evolved adaptively in the high-altitude C. gardetta, and that low temperature at high altitude may explain the absence there of C. arcania, while the hybrid nature of C. macromma is probably the explanation of its elevation overlap with both other species, and its local replacement of C. gardetta.

opencc-zeroApr 2020View details →

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Inferring current and Last Glacial Maximum distributions are improved by physiology-relevant climatic variables in cold-adapted ectotherms

Table with the occurrence data at 10 min resolution (~20 x 20 km) for Vipera berus and Zootoca vivipara, used in Guillon et al. 2024, Inferring current and Last Glacial Maximum distributions are improved by physiology-relevant climatic variables in cold-adapted ectotherms. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14828">https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14828</a>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

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Climate warming could free cold-adapted trees from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over growth

Carbon allocation has been fundamental for long-lived trees to survive cold stress at their upper elevation range limit. Although carbon allocation between NSC (non-structural carbohydrate) storage and structural growth is well-documented, it still remains unclear how ongoing climate warming influences these processes, particularly whether these two processes will shift in parallel or respond divergently to warming. Using a combination of an in situ downward-transplant warming experiment and an ex situ chamber warming treatment, we investigated how subalpine fir trees at their upper elevation limit coordinated carbon allocation priority among different sinks (e.g., NSC storage and structural growth) at whole-tree level in response to elevated temperature. We found that transplanted individuals from the upper elevation limit to lower elevations generally induced an increase in specific leaf area, but there was no detected evidence of warming effect on leaf-level saturated photosynthetic rates. Additionally, our results challenged the expectation that climate warming will accelerate structural carbon accumulation while maintaining NSC constant. Instead, individuals favored allocating available carbon to NSC storage over structural growth after one year of warming, despite the amplification in total biomass encouraged by both in situ and ex situ experimental warming. Unexpectedly, continued warming drove a regime shift in carbon allocation priority, which was manifested in the increase of NSC storage in synchrony to structural growth enhancement. These findings imply that climate warming would release trees at their cold edge from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over structural growth. Thus, understanding the strategical regulation of the carbon allocation priority and the distinctive function of carbon sink components is of great implication for predicting tree fate in the future climate warming.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

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Fig. 2 in Ecology Of The Cold-Adapted Species Nebria Germari (Coleoptera: Carabidae): The Role Of Supraglacial Stony Debris As Refugium During The Current Interglacial Period

Fig. 2. Monthly temperatures on supraglacial debris, ice-free debris and atmosphere.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

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Genomics of cold adaptations in the Antarctic notothenioid fish radiation

Numerous novel adaptations characterise the radiation of notothenioids, the dominant fish group in the freezing seas of the Southern Ocean. To improve understanding of the evolution of this iconic fish group, we generated and analysed new genome assemblies for 24 species covering all major subgroups of the radiation, including five long-read assemblies. We present a new estimate for the onset of the radiation at 10.7 million years ago, based on a time-calibrated phylogeny derived from genome-wide sequence data. We identify a two-fold variation in genome size, driven by expansion of multiple transposable element families, and use the long-read data to reconstruct two evolutionarily important, highly repetitive gene family loci. First, we present the most complete reconstruction to date of the antifreeze glycoprotein gene family, whose emergence enabled survival in sub-zero temperatures, showing the expansion of the antifreeze gene locus from the ancestral to the derived state. Second, we trace the loss of haemoglobin genes in icefishes, the only vertebrates lacking functional haemoglobins, through complete reconstruction of the two haemoglobin gene clusters across notothenioid families. Both the haemoglobin and antifreeze genomic loci are characterised by multiple transposon expansions that may have driven the evolutionary history of these genes.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

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Aligned and curated mtDNA sequences from: Ancient DNA of narrow-headed voles reveals common features of the Late Pleistocene population dynamics in cold-adapted small mammals

Narrow-headed vole, together with collared lemming and common vole, was the most abundant small mammal species across Eurasian Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra environments. Previous ancient DNA studies of the latter two revealed dynamic past population histories shaped by climatic fluctuations. To investigate the extent to which species with similar adaptations share common evolutionary histories, we generated a dataset comprising mitochondrial genomes of 139 ancient and 6 modern narrow-headed voles from multiple sites across Europe and north-western Asia and covering the last ca. 100 thousand years (ka). We inferred Bayesian time-aware phylogenies using 11 radiocarbon-dated samples for calibration of the molecular clock. We found that across the three species, divergence of the main mtDNA lineages occurred during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 7 and MIS 5, suggesting a common response of species adapted to open habitat to the interglacial environments. In European narrow-headed voles, we identified multiple time-structured mtDNA lineages, implying lineage turnovers. Timing of some of these turnovers was synchronous across all three species, allowing us to identify the main drivers of the Late Pleistocene dynamics of steppe- and cold-adapted species.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

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Data for New cold-adapted bacteria for efficient hydrolysis of feather waste at low temperature paper

A novel cold-adapted bacteria Arthrobacter oryzae BIM B-1663 isolated from Antarctic green snow showed keratinase activity and efficient poultry feather degradation. A. oryzae strain degraded more than 80% of chicken feathers within 7 days of cultivation at 25°C. The optimal keratinase activity for A. oryzae BIM B-1663 was observed at 50°C, both for α-keratin (44.86 U/mL) and for β-keratin (94 mU/mL). The obtained results from sulfite and thiol groups tests and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that A. oryzae strain has a different keratin degradation mechanism than the reference strain Bacillus licheniformis CCM 2145T. FTIR fingerprinting can be used for monitoring of feather hydrolysis as it showed distinct chemical differences in feather meal hydrolysates, retentate and permeate from A. oryzae and B. licheniformis strains.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

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Fig. 8 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 8 – Linear regression graph between elytra width of Nebria castanea females and the soil pH.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

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Fig. 1 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Fig. 1 – Sampling plan: distribution of pitfall traps at the Lazaunkar site.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

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