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1,140 results for “colonial”
Data from: Comparison of pooled semen insemination and single colony insemination as sustainable honeybee breeding strategies
<p>Instrumental insemination of honeybees allows for two opposing breeding strategies. In single colony insemination (SCI), all drones to inseminate a queen are taken from one colony. In pooled semen insemination (PSI), sperm of many genetically diverse drones is mixed and queens are fertilised from the resulting drone pool. While SCI allows for maximum pedigree control, proponents of PSI claim to reduce inbreeding and maintain genetic variance. Using stochastic simulation studies, we compared genetic progress and inbreeding rates in small honeybee populations under SCI and PSI. Four different selection criteria were covered: estimated breeding values (EBV), phenotypes, true breeding values (TBV), and random selection. Under EBV-based truncation selection, SCI yielded 9.0% to 44.4% higher genetic gain than PSI, but had vastly increased inbreeding rates. Under phenotypical or TBV selection, the gap between SCI and PSI in terms of genetic progress narrowed. Throughout, PSI yielded lower inbreeding rates than SCI, but the differences were only substantial under EBV truncation selection. As a result, PSI did not appear as a viable breeding strategy due to its incompatibility with modern methods of genetic evaluation. Instead, SCI is to be preferred but instead of strict truncation selection, strategies to avoid inbreeding need to be installed.</p>
Least tern disturbance observations and colony survey data
<p>Coastal birds that rely on sandy beaches for breeding are vulnerable to catastrophic flooding events resulting from tropical cyclones. The effects of storm surge on annual productivity depend on the propensity and success of renesting attempts post-storm. From 2017-2021, I investigated the effects of storm surge on Least Tern (<em>Sternula antillarum</em>) annual productivity, renesting probability, and nest and chick survival after storms on Mississippi's Gulf of Mexico Coast. Tropical cyclones made landfall during peak breeding period in three of these years, resulting in complete overwash of all colonies. Observers monitored daily nest survival, productivity (max fledge count/max nest count), and frequency of disturbance from avian predators at each colony. Total annual productivity (fledge count/ nest count across the study area) summed across colonies ranged from 0.00-0.07 in storm years and 0.29-0.66 in non-storm years. Probability of colony re-occupation declined as a function of storm date and increased with pre-storm nest success. Disturbance rate from avian predators did not increase post-storm compared to pre-storm periods. Nest survival increased with colony size and decreased in both late-season (non-storm) and post-storm time periods. Mean probability of chick survival was 0.20 ± 0.06 SD for peak nesting period in non-storm years, whereas mean predicted chick survival was 0.003 – 0.004 in storm years and in renesting periods in all years. Storm surge resulted in nearly complete loss of Least Tern breeding productivity despite renesting attempts and colony re-occupation after storms. I found no evidence that avian predation increased post-storm as a result of habitat changes; rather, similarly low productivity was observed for late-season breeding attempts in non-storm years. Repeated storm surge events could pose a serious threat to the viability of Mississippi's coastal-nesting Least Tern population, and protection of Least Terns during early and peak nesting seasons is critical for ensuring breeding success.</p>
Data from: Colony discrimination and competition in the eusocial trematode, Himasthla rhigedana
<p>The California horn snail (<em>Cerithideopsis californica</em>) hosts a diverse community of trematode parasite species, yet these species rarely co-occur in the same host. Some trematodes in this community competitively exclude conspecifics and heterospecifics using a soldier caste. How these trematodes can distinguish colonymates from competitors is unknown. Here we examine patterns of colony discrimination in <em>Himasthla rhigedana, </em>a marsh-dwelling species of parasitic trematode that possesses a soldier caste in their intermediate snail hosts<em>.</em> Aggression assays pairing colonies against multiple opponents demonstrate that <em>H. rhigedana</em> distinguish between conspecific colonies, consistently directing more attacks towards colonies collected from a distant marsh. We demonstrate that conspecific interactions between colonies are predominantly symmetrical (both colonies attack during encounters), and that the likelihood of aggression is the same whether the attacker soldier is "sterile" (soldier redia with no germinal balls) or an "intermediate" (soldier redia with developing germinal balls). Recognizing heterospecific or conspecific threats is a necessary function for the evolution of soldier castes, which almost exclusively occur within eusocial insects. By finding parallels in disparate phyla, our results in <em>H. rhigedana</em> provide a foundation for understanding the evolution of colony discrimination generally, as well as in trematode species and other parasite taxa with similar competitive interactions.</p>
Fig. 4 in Graveyards of Giant Pandas at the Bottom of the Sea? A Strange-Looking New Species of Colonial Ascidians in the Genus Clavelina (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)
Fig. 4. Clavelina ossipandae sp. nov., holotype, ICHUM 5837. A, Intestinal loop and gonads, viewed from the right side; B, larva.
Fig. 3 in Graveyards of Giant Pandas at the Bottom of the Sea? A Strange-Looking New Species of Colonial Ascidians in the Genus Clavelina (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)
Fig. 3. Clavelina ossipandae sp. nov., holotype, ICHUM 5837. A, Pharynx opened ventrally; B, enlarged view of a square in A, showing dorsal part of the peripharyngeal area.
Fig. 2 in Graveyards of Giant Pandas at the Bottom of the Sea? A Strange-Looking New Species of Colonial Ascidians in the Genus Clavelina (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)
Fig. 2. Clavelina ossipandae sp. nov., holotype, ICHUM 5837. A, In situ live colony with four zooids; B, a schematic depiction of the colony showing colony organization and zooid insertion; C, D, a single zooid detached from the colony, drawn from the right side (C) and the left side (D).
Fig. 5. A in Graveyards of Giant Pandas at the Bottom of the Sea? A Strange-Looking New Species of Colonial Ascidians in the Genus Clavelina (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)
Fig. 5. A maximum-likelihood tree based on COI sequences (690 bp), showing the phylogenetic position of Clavelina ossipandae sp. nov. among Clavelinidae. Numbers near nodes indicate UF bootstrap values (≥ 50) and posterior probabilities (≥ 0.50).
Data from: Inter-clonal competition over queen succession imposes a cost of parthenogenesis on termite colonies
<p>In social insect colonies, selfish behaviour due to intracolonial conflict among members can result in colony-level costs despite close relatedness. In certain termite species, queens use asexual reproduction for within-colony queen succession but rely on sexual reproduction for worker and alate production, resulting in multiple half-clones of a single primary queen competing for personal reproduction. Our study demonstrates that competition over asexual queen succession among different clone types leads to the overproduction of parthenogenetic offspring, resulting in the production of dysfunctional parthenogenetic alates. By genotyping the queens of 23 field colonies of <em>Reticulitermes speratus</em>, we found that clone variation in the queen population reduces as colonies develop. Field sampling of alates and primary reproductives of incipient colonies showed that overproduced parthenogenetic offspring develop into alates that have significantly smaller body sizes and much lower survivorship than sexually-produced alates. Our results indicate that while the production of earlier and more parthenogenetic eggs is advantageous for winning the competition for personal reproduction, it comes at a great cost to the colony. Thus, this study highlights the evolutionary interplay between individual-level and colony-level selection on parthenogenesis by queens.</p>
Location and caller familiarity influence mobbing behaviour and the likely ecological impact of noisy miners around colony edges
<p>Mobbing is a widespread, vocally coordinated behaviour where species approach and harass a threat. The noisy miner (<em>Manorina melanocephala</em>) is a notorious native Australian honeyeater, well-known for its hyperaggressive mobbing. Numerous studies have identified negative impacts of their mobbing behaviour, highlighting the exclusion of competitors from colony areas and the resulting loss of woodland-bird biodiversity. Despite this, few studies have investigated mobbing itself, and our understanding of the factors which influence its expression remains limited. Here, we use a field-based playback experiment to investigate whether mobbing responses vary in relation to colony borders and caller familiarity. Noisy miners were more likely to respond, reacted more quickly, and responded more strongly to mobbing calls broadcast inside as opposed to outside the colony. These behavioural differences likely arise from variation in the relative costs and benefits of responding. When noisy miners did mob outside the colony, more individuals joined in response to unfamiliar as opposed to familiar callers. Our results reveal that noisy miner mobbing may not be as indiscriminate as often assumed, with caller familiarity and location influencing this behaviour. We suggest there are benefits to greater consideration of the factors impacting noisy miner mobbing behaviour.</p>
РИС. 4. Места находок Amuranodonta kijaensis в бассейне р. Амур: черные точки – ранее иЗвестные местонахождениЯ, белые квадраты – впервые обнаруженные колонии. Номера локалитетов соответствуют таковым в таблице 1. FIG. 4. Localitions of finds of Amuranodonta kijaensis in the Amur River basin: black dots are previously known locations, white squares are newly discovered colonies. The locality numbers correspond to those in Table 1. in Новые данные об охранЯемом пресноводном двустворчатом моллюске Amuranodonta kijaensis Moskvicheva, 1973 (Unionidae, Anodontinae)
РИС. 4. Места находок Amuranodonta kijaensis в бассейне р. Амур: черные точки – ранее иЗвестные местонахождениЯ, белые квадраты – впервые обнаруженные колонии. Номера локалитетов соответствуют таковым в таблице 1. FIG. 4. Localitions of finds of Amuranodonta kijaensis in the Amur River basin: black dots are previously known locations, white squares are newly discovered colonies. The locality numbers correspond to those in Table 1.
РИС. 2. Дистальные отделы половой системы особей иЗ смеШанной колонии Monacha claustralis (A–D) и M. cartusiana (E–F). D, F. Вскрытый атриум у двух видов. Условные сокраЩениЯ: at – атриум; atpl – складка внутри атриума; ep – Эпифаллус; fl – бич; mg – слиЗистые желеЗы; pe – пенис; pp – папилла пениса; va – вагина; vap1 – баЗальнаЯ часть вагинального придатка; vap2 – апикальнаЯ часть вагинального придатка; vlb – латеральное выпЯчивание вагины. МасШтаб 1 мм. FIG. 2. Distal parts of the reproductive system of specimens from a mixed colony of Monacha claustralis (A–D) and M. cartusiana (E–F). D, F. Dissected atrium in two species. Abbreviations: at – atrium; atpl – pleat inside the atrium; ep – epiphallus; fl – flagellum; mg – mucus glands; pe – penis; pp – penial papilla; va – vagina; vap1 – basal part of vaginal appendage; vap2 – apical part of vaginal appendage; vlb – lateral bulge of the vagina. Scale bars 1 mm. in Monacha claustralis и M. cartusiana (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae) - два криптических вида антропохорных наЗемных моллюсков на Западе Украины
РИС. 2. Дистальные отделы половой системы особей иЗ смеШанной колонии Monacha claustralis (A–D) и M. cartusiana (E–F). D, F. Вскрытый атриум у двух видов. Условные сокраЩениЯ: at – атриум; atpl – складка внутри атриума; ep – Эпифаллус; fl – бич; mg – слиЗистые желеЗы; pe – пенис; pp – папилла пениса; va – вагина; vap1 – баЗальнаЯ часть вагинального придатка; vap2 – апикальнаЯ часть вагинального придатка; vlb – латеральное выпЯчивание вагины. МасШтаб 1 мм. FIG. 2. Distal parts of the reproductive system of specimens from a mixed colony of Monacha claustralis (A–D) and M. cartusiana (E–F). D, F. Dissected atrium in two species. Abbreviations: at – atrium; atpl – pleat inside the atrium; ep – epiphallus; fl – flagellum; mg – mucus glands; pe – penis; pp – penial papilla; va – vagina; vap1 – basal part of vaginal appendage; vap2 – apical part of vaginal appendage; vlb – lateral bulge of the vagina. Scale bars 1 mm.
РИС. 1. СмеШаннаЯ колониЯ Monacha claustralis и M. cartusiana во Львове. А. Местообитание, основные места сбора улиток отмечены красными крестиками. B. НеполовоЗрелаЯ особь на ветке туи. C. Раковины анатомически определенных M. claustralis. D. То же длЯ M. cartusiana. МасШтаб 5 мм. FIG. 1. Mixed colony of Monacha claustralis and M. cartusiana in Lviv. A. Habitat, the main places of snail collecting marked with red crosses. B. Immature specimen on a thuja branch. C. Shells of anatomically identified M. claustralis. D. The same for M. cartusiana. Scale bar 5 mm. in Monacha claustralis и M. cartusiana (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae) - два криптических вида антропохорных наЗемных моллюсков на Западе Украины
РИС. 1. СмеШаннаЯ колониЯ Monacha claustralis и M. cartusiana во Львове. А. Местообитание, основные места сбора улиток отмечены красными крестиками. B. НеполовоЗрелаЯ особь на ветке туи. C. Раковины анатомически определенных M. claustralis. D. То же длЯ M. cartusiana. МасШтаб 5 мм. FIG. 1. Mixed colony of Monacha claustralis and M. cartusiana in Lviv. A. Habitat, the main places of snail collecting marked with red crosses. B. Immature specimen on a thuja branch. C. Shells of anatomically identified M. claustralis. D. The same for M. cartusiana. Scale bar 5 mm.
Replication Data for: The colonial legacy of education: Evidence from Tunisia
<p>This repository contains replication data for Ben Salah et al. (2024), "The colonial legacy of education: Evidence from Tunisia" (<em>Journal of Comparative Economics</em>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2024.09.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2024.09.002</a>). All non-confidential data inputs are included, as well as final data outputs, and a pdf file containing the final tables and figures for all main text and supplementary tables and figures.</p> <p>The manuscript and supplementary information are available at the JCE, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2024.09.002">here</a>.</p>
Fig. 3 in Spatio-Temporal Structure And Reproductive Success In A Rook (Corvus Frugilegus) Colony
Fig. 3. Relationship between local nest density (number of neighbouring nests within 6 metres) at the date of hatching and hatchling's survival rate (medians). Spearman rank correlation: r s = 0.382, n = 80, P <0.001
Fig. 2 in Spatio-Temporal Structure And Reproductive Success In A Rook (Corvus Frugilegus) Colony
Fig. 2. Relationship between the date of nesting and the elapsed time from nesting to egg laying. Spearman rank correlation: r s = –0.695, n = 102, P <0.01
Fig. 1 in Spatio-Temporal Structure And Reproductive Success In A Rook (Corvus Frugilegus) Colony
Fig. 1. Temporal distribution of nest building and egg laying. Bars represent the number of nests that were started to build (white) and number of nests in which the first egg was laid (grey) grouped into five-day periods. n = 20, mean±SD: 40.00±5.94 and 76.33±8.80 days, respectively
Behavioural variation among workers promotes feed-forward loops in a simulated insect colony
<p class="CxSpFirst">Coordinated responses in eusocial insect colonies arise from worker interaction networks that enable collective processing of ecologically relevant information. Previous studies have detected a structural motif in these networks known as the feed-forward loop, which functions to process information in other biological regulatory networks (e.g., transcriptional networks). However, the processes that generate feed-forward loops among workers and the consequences for information flow within the colony remain largely unexplored. We constructed an agent-based model to investigate how individual variation in activity and movement shaped production of feed-forward loops in a simulated insect colony. We hypothesised that individual variation along these axes would generate feed-forward loops by driving variation in interaction frequency among workers. We found that among-individual variation in activity drove overrepresentation of feed-forward loops in the interaction networks by determining the directionality of interactions. However, despite previous work linking feed-forward loops with efficient information transfer, activity variation did not promote faster or more efficient information flow, thus providing no support for the hypothesis that feed-forward loops reflect selection for enhanced collective functioning. Conversely, individual variation in movement trajectory, despite playing no role in generating feed-forward loops, promoted fast and efficient information flow by linking together unconnected regions of the nest.</p>
Datasets and R code for: Brood as booty: The effect of colony size and resource value in social insect contests
<p><strong>From the Manuscript: </strong>Animals engage in contests for access to resources like food, mates, and space. Intergroup contests between groups of organisms have received little attention, and it remains unresolved what information groups might use collectively to make contest decisions. We staged whole-colony contests using ant colonies (<em>Temnothorax rugatulus</em>), which perceive conspecific colonies as both a threat and resource from which to steal brood. We recorded individual behaviors and used demographic characteristics as proxies for resource value (number of brood items) and fighting ability (number of workers). We found that ants altered their fighting effort depending on the relative number of workers of their opponent. While the proximate mechanism for this ability remains uncertain, we found that colonies increased fighting when their opponent had relatively more brood, but not if opposing colonies had relatively many more workers. This suggests that ant colonies can use information about opposing colonies that shapes contest strategies. Further, the behavior of opposing colonies were strongly correlated with each other despite colony size differences ranging from 4-51%, consistent with the hypothesis that colonies can use opponent information. The behavior of a distributed, collective system of many individuals, like a eusocial insect colony, thus fits several predictions of contest models designed for individuals if we consider the gain and loss of worker ants analogous to energetic costs accrued during typical dyadic contests.</p>
Digging deeper into colonial palaeontological practices in modern day Mexico and Brazil
<p>Scientific practices stemming from colonialism, whereby middle- and low-income countries supply data for high-income countries and the contributions of local expertise are devalued, are still prevalent today in the field of palaeontology. In response to these unjust practices, countries such as Mexico and Brazil adopted protective laws and regulations during the twentieth century to preserve their palaeontological heritage. However, scientific colonialism is still reflected in many publications describing fossil specimens recovered from these countries. Here, we present examples of ‘palaeontological colonialism’ from publications on Jurassic–Cretaceous fossils from NE Mexico and NE Brazil spanning the last three decades. Common issues that we identified in these publications are the absence of both fieldwork and export permit declarations and the lack of local experts among authorships. In Mexico, access to many fossil specimens is restricted on account of these specimens being housed in private collections, whereas a high number of studies on Brazilian fossils are based on specimens illegally reposited in foreign collections, particularly in Germany and Japan. Finally, we outline and discuss the wider academic and social impacts of these research practices, and propose exhaustive recommendations to scientists, journals, museums, research institutions and government and funding agencies in order to overcome these practices.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Files included:</strong></p> <p><strong>Table S1.</strong> Sabinas, La Popa and Parras basins fossil publications by foreign authors</p> <p><strong>Table S2.</strong> Araripe fossil publications by foreign authors (vertebrates and plants)</p> <p><strong>Table S3.</strong> Preliminary list of Araripe fossil arthropod publications</p> <p><strong>Table S4.</strong> List of palaeontology museums and postgraduate courses in Brazil with palaeontology advisors</p> <p><strong>Table S5.</strong> List of palaeontology museums and postgraduate courses in Mexico with palaeontology advisors</p> <p><strong>Translation S1.</strong> Complete article in Portuguese</p> <p><strong>Translation S2.</strong> Complete article in Spanish</p> <p><strong>Appendix A.</strong> Laws in Brazil (includes English translations)</p> <p><strong>Appendix B.</strong> Laws in Mexico (includes English translations)</p>
Assessing the Impact of Pest Monitoring Traps on Bombus griseocollis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colony Growth and Development
<p>Insect traps use visual and olfactory cues to attract target pests; however, they vary in their specificity and often unintentionally capture non-target beneficial insects (bycatch), including <em>Bombus</em>. Concerns have been expressed that bycatch may contribute to <em>Bombus</em> mortality and the consequential loss of pollination services. Here, we quantified the impact of trap captures on <em>Bombus griseocollis</em> colony growth and development by evaluating the following four treatments: colonies paired with traps, colonies paired with traps and pheromone lures, traps and pheromone lures (but no colonies), and colonies with no trap and no lure. Trap contents were collected biweekly to determine <em>B. griseocollis </em>capture rates. Colony growth and development data were collected weekly by weighing colonies and recording foraging activity. Based on microsatellite polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, three <em>B. griseocollis </em>were collected from released colonies, while the remaining five were residents within the environment. Given the low number of <em>B. griseocollis </em>workers collected, any differences in colony weight change and active foraging were likely not a result of pest monitoring trap captures. However, trap captures could have a greater impact by interfering with functional diversity, colony establishment, and pollination services, emphasizing the need for additional research. Building on this research will provide a more comprehensive view of the impact of pest monitoring traps on <em>Bombus </em>populations, which could minimize risk to pollinator populations and pollination services.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.