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60 results for “complex environments”
Frontopolar cortex represents complex features and decision value during choice between environments
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Data from: Biogeochemical patterns in prey species reveal complex mercury exposure pathways from the environment to Aleutian Steller sea lions
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The external rumen of dung beetles: Complex interactions between larvae and their ontogenetic environments shape growth and life history
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Utility of acoustic indices for ecological monitoring in complex sonic environments
<p>Abstract</p> <p>With the continued adoption of passive acoustic monitoring as a tool for rapid and high-resolution ecosystem monitoring, ecologists are increasingly making use of a suite of acoustic indices to summarise the sonic environment. Though these indices are often reported to well represent some aspect of the biology of an ecosystem, the degree to which they are confounded by various extraneous sonic conditions is largely unknown. We conducted an aural inventory across 23 field sites in Okinawa to identify the number of unique animal sounds present in recordings. Using these values of ‘measured richness’, we then examined how the performance of 11 commonly-used acoustic indices varied across a range of sonic conditions (including in the presence and absence of insect stridulations, audible wind or rain, and human-related sounds). Our analysis identified both well- and poor-performing acoustic indices, as well as those that were particularly sensitive to sonic conditions. Only two indices reflected measured richness across the full range of sonic conditions examined. A few indices were relatively insensitive to extraneous sonic conditions, but no index correlated with measured richness when masked by sound from broadband stridulating insects. Our results demonstrate considerable sensitivity of most commonly used acoustic indices to confounding sonic conditions, highlighting the challenges of working with large acoustic datasets collected in the field. We make practical recommendations for acoustic index use based on study design, with the aim of identifying the suite of acoustic indices with greatest utility as indicators for rapid biodiversity monitoring and management of the world’s natural soundscapes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The dataset contains the names of audio files collected across 23 field sites between April 2017 and January 2018 as part of the OKEON-Churamori project on the island of Okinawa, Japan. We conducted an aural inventory, manually counting and recording the number of unique biotic sounds (approximately corresponding to species richness) and noting the presence or absence of three potentially confounding sonic conditions: audible geophony (wind, rain etc.), anthropophony (human-related sounds), and broadband sounds produced by stridulating insect (e.g. cicadas, orthopterans). We then calculated 11 commonly used acoustic indices from the literature and compared their performance (correlation with richness) in the presence vs absence of each sonic condition. Our dataset also contains time and date information for each recording, and the mean site-level richness (i.e. across multiple recordings) for each site and for each unique site-by-season combination. See Table A2 and Methods section in the associated manuscript for details on data processing and the calculation of acoustic indices.</p> <p>Usage notes</p> <p>See readme file for descriptions of data table structure.</p>
Complex sensory environments alter mate choice outcomes
Noise is a common problem in animal communication. We know little, however, about how animals communicate in noise using multimodal signals. Multimodal signals are hypothesized to be favoured by evolution because they increase the efficacy of detection/discrimination in noisy environments. We tested the hypothesis that female túngara frogs' responses to attractive male advertisement calls are improved in noise when a visual cue is added. We tested this at two levels of decision complexity (two and three choices). In a two-choice test, the presence of noise did not reduce female preferences for attractive calls. The visual cue of a calling male, associated with an unattractive call, also did not reduce preference for attractive calls in the absence of noise. In the presence of noise, however, females were more likely to choose an unattractive call coupled with the visual cue. In three-choice tests, the presence of noise alone reduced female responses to attractive calls and this was not strongly affected by the presence or absence of visual cues. The responses in these experiments fail to support the multimodal signal efficacy hypothesis. Instead, the data suggest that audio-visual perception and cognitive processing, related to mate choice decisions, are dependent on the complexity of the sensory scene.
Characterizing long-range search behavior in Diptera using complex 3D virtual environments
<p>The exemplary search capabilities of flying insects have established them as one of the most diverse taxa on Earth. However, we still lack the fundamental ability to quantify, represent, and predict trajectories under natural contexts to understand search and its applications. For example, flying insects have evolved in complex multimodal 3D environments, but we do not yet understand which features of the natural world are used to locate distant objects. Here, we independently and dynamically manipulate 3D objects, airflow fields, and odor plumes in virtual reality over large spatial and temporal scales. We demonstrate that that flies make use of features such as foreground segmentation, perspective, motion parallax, and integration of multiple modalities to navigate to objects in a complex 3D landscape while in flight. We first show that tethered flying insects of multiple species navigate to virtual 3D objects. Using the apple fly, <i>Rhagoletis pomonella</i>, we then measure their reactive distance to objects and show that these flies<i> </i>use perspective and local parallax cues to distinguish and navigate to virtual objects of different sizes and distances. We also show that apple flies can orient in the absence of optic flow by using only directional airflow cues, and require simultaneous odor and directional airflow input for plume following to a host volatile blend. The elucidation of these features unlocks the opportunity to quantify parameters underlying insect behavior such as reactive space, optimal foraging, and dispersal, as well as develop strategies for pest management, pollination, robotics and search algorithms.</p>
Increasing landscape complexity enhances species richness of farmland arthropods, agri-environment schemes also abundance–A meta-analysis
<p>Article dataset</p>
Datasets of paper "Improving the performance of a reduced-order mass-consistent model for urban environments and complex terrain with a higher-order geometrical representation"
<p>These are the datasets, processing scripts, and plots that are used in the paper titled "Improving the performance of a reduced-order mass-consistent model for urban environments and complex terrain with a higher-order geometrical representation" submitted to the JAMES.</p>
Experimental and analytical methods for thermal infrared spectroscopy of complex dust coatings in a simulated asteroid environment
<p>The spectral and thermophysical effects of thin-continuous, macro-discontinuous, and micro-discontinuous dust cover are not understood and require relevant laboratory analyses to be deconvolved in an orbital setting. We have constructed a custom environment chamber that enables the controlled deposition of size-regulated dust particles in coatings with varying continuity and thickness. TIR spectra of coated substrates acquired in a simulated asteroid environment (SAE) are used to investigate the extent to which dust coatings of different thicknesses and arrangements contribute to orbital spectral signatures of airless body surfaces. </p> <p>TIR (5-50 𝜇m) spectra of each sample are acquired under SAE conditions using the Planetary and Asteroid Regolith Spectroscopy Environmental Chamber (PARSEC) at Stony Brook University. PARSEC is designed to measure samples under environmental conditions typical of airless bodies. The chamber houses a sample wheel with six sample cups and a calibration target coated with Nextel black. There is also a black body target under the wheel. All sample cup and black body targets can be individually heated and rotated into position from outside of the chamber. Temperature is controlled through two Eurotherm Mini8 Loop Controllers and managed on an in-lab computer with the Eurotherm iTools interface. Samples are illuminated at 55° incidence by a quartz halogen lamp connected to a Bentham 610 power source. Surrounding the sample wheel is a cold shield actively cooled by the input of liquid nitrogen into an internal dewar to reach temperatures < 150 K. Pressure in the chamber is controlled by a Pfeiffer HiCube turbo vacuum pump to reach 10<sup>-6</sup> mbar. In line with the vacuum chamber is a pressure regulated tank of N<sub>2</sub> used for purging and ambient pressure measurements. The PARSEC chamber is connected to a Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrometer equipped with a Cesium Iodide (CsI) beamsplitter and a deuterated L-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (DLaTGS) detector with a CsI window. The spectrometer is actively purged with air scrubbed of CO<sub>2</sub> and water vapor and sealed at the interface with PARSEC. A total of 256 scans from 2,200 to 400 cm<sup>-1</sup> are integrated for a 10-minute measurement period, using a spectral sampling of 2 cm<sup>-1</sup>. During each experimental session, all samples and the black body are measured under SAE conditions. Calibration measurements of the blackbody target at 70 and 100°C are acquired, then the integrated sample cup heaters and solar lamp are adjusted to achieve the desired sample brightness temperature of 80°C. Samples are allowed to reach temperature under the lamp for more than 45 minutes until the spectral maximum stabilizes and the calculated brightness temperature at the CF is within ~10 K of the target 353 K. This procedure is repeated for all samples while ensuring the chamber temperature remains stable under 150 K through continued addition of liquid nitrogen. The Radiance-to-emissivity conversion method used determines the maximum brightness temperature between 500 and 1700 cm-1 and divides the radiance by a Planck function of the same temperature. This assures the maximum brightness temperature is the kinetic temperature of the same, and its emissivity is unity at the frequency of this maximum. This dataset includes 15 different samples acquired under SAE and ambient pressure/temperature conditions. These samples range in layer thickness and continuity and are intended to test and demonstrate the range of the coating process.</p>
One Nutrition in Complex Environments (ONCE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04209569. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 25.
Community-based Study With 1st-year Secondary Students (n=1104) and Their Environment. It Evaluates a Complex Intervention (Community Actions, Classroom-based Mindfulness for Adolescents, and Online M
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07357792. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Immersive Virtual Reality Environment for Complex Cognitive Skills Curricular Training in Liver Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04959630. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Evaluation and Optimization of Hearing Devices in 3-D Complex Audio Environments Study 3 (HEAR3D_CE3)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04180254. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Evaluation and Optimization of Hearing Devices in 3-D Complex Audio Environments
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03514758. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Evaluation and Optimization of Hearing Devices in 3-D Complex Audio Environments Study 2
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03774030. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Data from: Fitter frogs from polluted ponds: the complex impacts of human-altered environments
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Data from: Predation risk shaped by habitat and landscape complexity in urban environments
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Characterizing long-range search behavior in Diptera using complex 3D virtual environments
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Complex sensory environments alter mate choice outcomes
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Data from: Specialization and accuracy of host-searching butterflies in complex and simple environments
Populations that have access to a variety of resources are often composed of individuals that specialize on different subsets of resources. Understanding the behavioral mechanisms that drive such individual specialization will help us predict the strength of this specialization across different environments. Here, we explore the idea that individual specialization may be a consequence of constraints on an individual's ability to process information. Because many environments contain an overwhelming number of resources and associated stimuli, individuals that specialize by focusing on only a subset of these resources may make more accurate decisions than individuals that generalize. Furthermore, we expect individuals in complex environments, where there are more resources and associated stimuli to process, to specialize during their search for resources compared to individuals in simple environments. We tested these predictions by measuring the accuracy and degree of specialization of naïve cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae) searching for two target host species (radish and cabbage) in simple (one distractor species) and more complex (four distractor species) environments. Only butterflies that specialized on cabbage were more accurate than butterflies that visited a mixture of both radish and cabbage. Furthermore, naïve butterflies searching for hosts in complex environments did not adopt more specialized foraging strategies than naive butterflies searching for hosts in simple environments. Taken together, these results suggest that the foraging benefits associated with specialization might only apply to certain resources (perhaps those that have readily recognizable cues) and that such specializations can be related to accuracy across multiple environments.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.