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257 results for “composition changes”
Diversity and compositional changes in the gut microbiota of wild and captive vertebrates: a meta-analysis
<p>Bioinformatic code, data files, raw figures and data accessibility table associated to the manuscript "Diversity and compositional changes in the gut microbiota of wild and captive vertebrates: a meta-analysis".</p>
FIG. 3 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 3. — Lichen diversity and vegetation richness in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombi: A, mean and standard error for alpha lichen diversity along the altitudinal gradient; B, mean and standard error for alpha lichen diversity by locality and microhabitat; C, beta lichen diversity; D, total lichen species richness (observed and rarefied) by locality.
FIG. 1 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 1. — Map of the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, showing the sampling points: Δ, Chucheros; Z, Pericos; •, El Queremal; O, Cerro El Inglés; ^, Pico Pance.
FIG. 5. — A in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 5. — A, non-metric multidimensional scaling for composition of lichen species along the gradient (Stres=0.21); B, detrended correspondence analysis for the lichen functional traits along the gradient. In both graphs there is a clear separation between elevations, showing a gradient of species composition and functional traits along the altitudinal gradient. Locations: z, Alto Pance; +, Cerro El Inglés; X, El Queremal; •, Pericos; , Chucheros.
FIG. 2 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 2. — Number of species of the lichen families with higher diversity at each locality in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
FIG. 6 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 6. — Community Weighted Means (CWMs) of functional lichen traits along the altitudinal gradient in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia: A, crustose thallus; B, crustose thallus by microhabitat; C, foliose thallus; D, fruticose thallus; E, fruticose thallus by microhabitat; F, rhizines by microhabitat; G, cyanobacterial photobiont; H, vegetative propagules; I, ascoma; J, ascospore septation (septate, muriform and simple); K, thickness of the ascospore wall; L, size of the ascospores.
FIG. 7 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 7. — Functional diversity along the altitudinal gradient: A, relative Rao Index; B, functional Dominance.
FIG. 4 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 4. — Scatter plot for the alpha lichen diversity and tree density ratio in each study site in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Data from: Multiple sclerosis-associated changes in the composition and immune functions of spore-forming bacteria
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Foliar Nitrogen and Natural Abundance Nitrogen Isotopic Composition
Foliar nitrogen and natural abundance stable isotopes of nitrogen in foliage were measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes foliar nitrogen and natural abundance stable isotopes of nitrogen in foliage from 2012 to 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Branch Xylem Water Isotopic Composition
Natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and deuterium-excess in branch xylem water were measured within the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and deuterium-excess in branch xylem water from 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Water Isotopic Composition
Natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in soil water were measured adjacent to the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in soil water from 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Patch size and vegetation structure drive changes to mixed-species flock diversity and composition across a gradient of fragment sizes in the Western Andes of Colombia
<p>This data set represents a series of 502 mixed-species bird flock compositions, and derived taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity indices, that were gathered along a gradient of forest fragment sizes (range = 10-173 ha) in the Colombian Western Andes. We sampled mixed-species flocks using transect surveys along 14 transects in 8 fragments and a continuous forest reference site in the same landscape and at the same elevation (~1900-2200 m.a.s.l.). We also used buffer analysis to quantify the proportion of forest cover and forest edge within 1 km of each transect, and calculated local vegetation density and complexity, as well as distance from edge, for each 100-meter transect segment (<em>n</em> = 70 segments). Flock composition data observed on a transect were used to calculate overall species richness and flock size as well as two indices of functional and phylogenetic diversity; we calculated the stadardized effect size (SES) of each measure to account for the correlation between these measures and species richness. We also provide the raw counts of each species for each flock composition. These data were used for the analyses in Jones and Robinson (2020). </p>
Data from: A three decade assessment of climate-associated changes in forest composition across the north-eastern USA
1. Climate-associated changes in forest composition have been widely reported, particularly where changes in abiotic conditions have resulted in high mortality of sensitive species and have disproportionately favored certain species better adapted to these newer conditions. In the northeastern USA and southeastern Canada, few studies have examined climate-related influences associated on forest composition, and none have considered broad-scale changes over a long temporal (>25 years) period. 2. We used US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data from 1983-2014 across four northeastern states (Maine, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont) to assess temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence and abundance of American beech, sugar maple (Acer sacharum L.), red maple (A. rubrum L.), and birch (Betula spp.) saplings. We also tested the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the distribution of the four studied deciduous species over the entire studied period. 3. Occurrence and abundance of American beech have increased substantially over the past three decades, whereas the occurrence and abundance of three-other deciduous species have decreased in all ecological provinces of the northeastern USA, except the Midwest Broadleaf ecological province. Consequently, a clear shift in species composition is currently underway in the beech-maple-birch (BMB) forests of the northeastern USA, with uncertain consequences for future ecosystem structure and function. 4. In the studied region and over the entire studied period, the distribution of increased occurrence and abundance of beech relative to three-other deciduous species were associated with the higher temperature and precipitation as well as higher conspecific basal area and dead tree basal area. 5. Synthesis and applications: The change from BMB forests to beech-dominated forests and beech encroachment to new forest areas across the northeast may expand in areas where higher intensity harvesting/disturbances (i.e., large-scale canopy openings) do not occur, which would be a management concern as the beech is associated with the beech-bark disease. Our results emphasize the need for management strategies such as higher intensity harvesting methods, vegetation management, and controlling browsing pressure to reduce the beech dominance.
Data from: Parallel changes in gut microbiome composition and function during colonization, local adaptation and ecological speciation
<p>The processes of local adaptation and ecological speciation are often strongly shaped by biotic interactions such as competition and predation. One of the strongest lines of evidence that biotic interactions drive evolution comes from repeated divergence of lineages in association with repeated changes in the community of interacting species. Yet, relatively little is known about the repeatability of changes in gut microbial communities and their role in adaptation and divergence of host populations in nature. Here we utilize three cases of rapid, parallel adaptation and speciation in freshwater threespine stickleback to test for parallel changes in associated gut microbiomes. We find that features of the gut microbial communities have shifted repeatedly in the same direction in association with parallel divergence and speciation of stickleback hosts. These results suggest that changes to gut microbiomes can occur rapidly and predictably in conjunction with host evolution, and that host-microbe interactions might play an important role in host adaptation and diversification.</p>
Data from: Between-year changes in community composition shape species' roles in an Arctic plant-pollinator network
Inter-annual turnover in community composition can affect the richness and functioning of ecological communities. If incoming and outgoing species do not interact with the same partners, ecological functions such as pollination may be disrupted. Here, we explore the extent to which turnover affects species' roles --as defined based on their participation in different motifs positions-- in a series of temporally replicated plant-pollinator networks from high-Arctic Zackenberg, Greenland. We observed substantial turnover in the plant and pollinator assemblages, combined with significant variation in species' roles between networks. Variation in the roles of plants and pollinators tended to increase with the amount of community turnover, although a negative interaction between turnover in the plant and pollinator assemblages complicated this trend for the roles of pollinators. This suggests that increasing turnover in the future will result in changes to the roles of plants and likely those of pollinators. These changing roles may in turn affect the functioning or stability of this pollination network.
Research Data - Dose and Compositional Dependence of Irradiation-Induced Property Change in FeCr
<p>Research data and associated processing and plotting scripts for the article:</p> <p>Song <em>et al.</em>, 'Dose and compositional dependence of irradiation-induced property change in FeCr', <em>Journal of Nuclear Materials</em>, 154998, 2024</p> <p><a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.154998" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.154998</span></a></p>
Data from: Rapid climate change increases diversity and homogenizes composition of coastal fish at high latitudes
<p>Rapid warming at high latitudes triggers poleward shifts of species' distributions that impact marine biodiversity. In the open sea, the documented redistributions of fish lead to a borealization of Arctic fauna. A climate driven borealization and increased species diversity at high latitudes is also expected in coastal fish communities, but it has not been previously documented on a large, biogeographic scale. Here, we investigate the impact of temperature change over the last 25 years on fish communities along the coast of Norway. The study area, spanning different ecoclimatic zones between 62° and 71° N, harbors over 200 species of boreal and Arctic fish. Several of these fish species are harvested by coastal and indigenous communities, influencing settlements geography and livelihood. The long-term data on coastal water temperatures and fish species were obtained from monitoring stations and scientific surveys. Water temperature measured at three fixed sampling stations distributed along the coast show increased temperatures during the study period. The fish species distribution and abundance data were obtained from the annually standardized scientific bottom trawl survey program. Fish species richness, which was highest in the south, increased with warming first in the south and then, gradually, further north, eventually affecting biodiversity in the whole study area. Fish community composition showed a distinct latitudinal pattern early in the study, with Arctic fish species confined north and boreal species dominating south. The poleward shifts eventually eroded this zoogeographic pattern, resulting in more boreal fish species in the north and an increased homogenization of species composition along the Norwegian coast. The climate-driven reorganization of fish communities affects coastal ecosystems that are exposed to fisheries, aquaculture and other rapidly expanding human activities, stressing the urgent need for a climate adaptation of integrated coastal management.</p>
Flexible diets enable pollinators to cope with changes in plant community composition
<p><span>Switching plant species visited by pollinators (partner flexibility), has been proposed as a behavioural mechanism able to attenuate the negative impacts of shifts in plant communities on pollination. However, it is unclear if the magnitude of such response is generalizable or depends on the environmental context. Moreover, the ability of pollinators to exploit plants with dissimilar traits (trait flexibility) has been overlooked, even though it can affect the spectrum of new partners available. </span></p> <p><span>To shed some light on this problem, we quantified partner and trait flexibility in five communities from four different environments, from Alpine to semi-arid. We evaluated if the rate at which pollinators incorporated new plant species throughout the flowering season was similar across communities or context-dependent. Then, we assessed if pollinators changed the type of flowers visited and if such trait flexibility was related to their capacity to visit new plant species. Finally, we developed an agent-based model to explore if diet flexibility can protect pollination when the plant community changes. To this end, we used scenarios of phenological decoupling.</span></p> <p><span>In general, pollinators switched interaction partners to cope with the temporal replacement of plant species. Yet, the magnitude of such behaviour varied across communities, probably in response to differences in the number of floral resources available. Also, pollinators were able to visit plant species with dissimilar traits, though both components of diet flexibility (partner identity and traits) did not necessarily covary. Thus, to have a full picture of pollinators' diet flexibility we need to consider the floral traits of partners. Finally, our theoretical model shows that diet flexibility can protect pollination after shifts in plant communities; but that such positive effects are limited by trait-matching between co-occurring species.</span></p> <p><span><span>Overall, our study highlights the importance of incorporating plant traits when evaluating the ability of pollinators to find new interaction partners. Besides, our simulation results suggest that diet flexibility may not unequivocally protect pollination against changes in plant communities, especially if they entail shifts in the characteristics of the floral assemblage, and hence, the ability of pollinators to find new interaction partners can be compromised.</span></span></p>
Developmental changes in ciliary composition during gametogenesis in Chlamydomonas
<p><em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> transitions from mitotically dividing vegetative cells to sexually competent gametes of two distinct mating types following nutrient deprivation. Gametes of opposite mating type interact via their cilia, initiating an intraciliary signaling cascade and ultimately fuse forming diploid zygotes. The process of gametogenesis is genetically encoded and a previous study revealed numerous significant changes in mRNA abundance during this life cycle transition. Here we describe a proteomic analysis of cilia derived from vegetative and gametic cells of both mating types in an effort to assess the global changes that occur within the organelle during this process. We identify numerous membrane and/or matrix-associated proteins in gametic cilia that were not detected in cilia from vegetative cells. This includes the pro-protein from which the GATI-amide gametic chemotactic modulator derives, as well as receptors, a dynamin-related protein, ammonium transporters, two proteins potentially involved in the intraciliary signaling cascade-driven increase in cAMP, and multiple proteins with a variety of interaction domains. These changes in ciliary composition likely directly affect the functional properties of this organelle as the cell transitions between life cycle stages.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.