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782 results for “conflict”
Selection for male weapons boosts female fecundity, eliminating sexual conflict in the bulb mite
<p>Extreme differences between the sexes are usually explained by intense sexual selection on male weapons or ornaments. Sexually antagonistic genes, with a positive effect on male traits but a negative effect on female fitness, create a negative inter-sexual correlation for fitness (sexual conflict). However, such antagonism might not be apparent if sexually selected male traits are condition-dependent, and condition elevates female fitness. Here we reveal a surprising positive genetic correlation between male weaponry and female fecundity. Using mite lines that had previously been through 13 generations of selection on male weapons (fighting legs), we investigated correlated evolution in female fecundity. Females from lines under positive selection for weapons (up lines) evolved higher fecundity, despite evolving costly, thicker legs. This is likely because male mites have condition-dependent weaponry that increases our ability to indirectly select on male condition. Alleles with positive effects on condition in both sexes could have generated this correlation because: the up lines evolved a higher proportion of fighters and there were positive correlations between weapon size and the male morph and sex ratios of the offspring. This positive inter-sexual genetic correlation should boost the evolution of male weapons and extreme sex differences.</p>
Data from: Unisexual flowers as a resolution to intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphrodites
<p>In dioecious populations, males and females may evolve different trait values to increase fitness through their respective sexual functions. Because the two sexual functions are expressed by the same individual in hermaphroditic populations, resolving sexual conflict is potentially more difficult. Here, we show that the modularity of plants may allow hermaphrodites to resolve sexual conflict because modules with different genders can promote fitness through their specialized sexual functions by expressing a correspondingly optimal trait value. We analyzed the flowering phenology, sex allocation, and selection gradients on floral traits of flowers of the andromonoecious plant <em>Pulsatilla alpina</em>, which produces both bisexual and male flowers. Our results indicate that strong protogyny prevents early bisexual flowers from profiting from high siring opportunities early in the reproductive season at a time when male flowers are able to achieve high siring success. Andromonoecy therefore resolves sexual conflict experienced by bisexual flowers in strongly protogynous populations. Our study illustrates the resolution of sexual conflict arising from phenological constraints via modular divergence in sex allocation. We discuss the extent to which modular variation in sex allocation in species with other sexual systems involving bisexuality may be explained similarly.</p>
Toward greater realism in inclusive fitness models: the case of caste fate conflict in insect societies
<p>In the field of social evolution, inclusive fitness theory has been successful in making a wide range of qualitative predictions on expected patterns of cooperation and conflict. Nevertheless, outside of sex ratio theory, inclusive fitness models that make accurate quantitative predictions remain relatively rare. Past models dealing with caste fate conflict in insect societies, for example, successfully predicted that if female larvae can control their own caste fate, an excess should opt to selfishly develop as queens. Available models, however, were unable to accurately predict levels of queen production observed in <em>Melipona</em> bees – a genus of stingless bees where caste is self-determined – as empirically observed levels of queen production are ca. two times lower than the theoretically predicted ones. Here, we show that this discrepancy can be resolved by explicitly deriving the colony-level cost of queen overproduction from a dynamic model of colony growth, requiring incorporation of parameters of colony growth and demography, such as the per-capita rate at which new brood cells are built and provisioned, the percentage of the queen's eggs that are female, costs linked with worker reproduction and worker mortality. Our revised model predicts queen overproduction to more severely impact colony productivity, resulting in an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) that is ca. half that of the original model, and is shown to accurately predict actual levels of queen overproduction observed in different <em>Melipona</em> species. Altogether, this shows how inclusive fitness models can provide accurate quantitative predictions, provided that costs and benefits are modelled in sufficient detail and are measured precisely.</p>
Conflict reducing innovations in development enable increased multicellular complexity
<p>Obligately multicellular organisms, where cells can only reproduce as part of the group, have evolved multiple times across the tree of life. Obligate multicellularity has only evolved when clonal groups form by cell division, rather than by cells aggregating, as clonality prevents internal conflict. Yet obligately multicellular organisms still vary greatly in 'multicellular complexity' (the number of cells and cell types): some comprise few cells and cell-types, and others billions of cells and thousands of types. Here, we test if variation in multicellular complexity is explained by conflict-suppressing mechanisms, namely a single cell bottleneck at the start of development, and a strict separation of germline and somatic cells. Applying a phylogenetic comparative analysis to the life-cycles 138 lineages of plants, animals, fungi and algae, we show that an early segregation of the germline stem-cell lineage is key to the evolution of more cell types. In contrast, the presence of a strict single cell bottleneck was not related to either the number of cells or cell types but was associated with early germline segregation. Our results suggest that segregating the germline earlier in development enabled greater evolutionary innovation, possibly through conflict suppression or via greater developmental flexibility. </p>
Datapanel for Understanding Global Water Cooperation and Conflict Dynamics
<p>The panel forms the baseline for analysis of water-related cooperation and conflict events worldwide between 1951-2019. When the scientific paper is published, a link and reference will be added here.</p> <p>The panel includes events per country-year, socioeconomic variables per country-year, and climatic variables per basin-year or country-year depending on availability. The data for demographic, economic, and climatic variables used in this study were sourced from various international databases (see table) and were here merged into a country-year panel (see figure). Water cooperation and conflict event records include the year, geographic location, and countries involved in conflict and cooperation (Kåresdotter et al., 2022b). The socio-economic variables include World Development Indicators (WDI), available from 1960 as yearly values per country. Precipitation data were obtained from outputs of the Water Balance Model (WBM) as modeled by Kåresdotter et al., (2022a), and extracted as yearly mean values per hydrological basin from HydroBASINS level 6 used for Aqueduct water risk indicators (Hofste et al., 2019; World Resources Institute, 2023, 2019). A baseline water stress was used for water stress, i.e., a long-term chronic water stress measure defined as the ratio of total water withdrawal to available renewable surface and groundwater supply (Hofste et al., 2019). Regional classifications are based on the United Nations Statistics Division geographic regions (UN Statistics Division, n.d.). The input datasets were consolidated to reflect basin-level values for conflicts and cooperation events, instead of using country-level mean values.</p> <p><strong>Table 1. Summary of variables in the water cooperation and conflict panel</strong></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Variable</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Definition</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Unit</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Datasource</strong></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Event type</p> </td> <td> <p>Type of water-related event (conflict, cooperation, both, no event)</p> </td> <td> <p>Categorical (0 or 1)</p> </td> <td> <p>Kåresdotter et al., (2022b)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Population density</p> </td> <td> <p>Number of people per unit area</p> </td> <td> <p>People per square km</p> </td> <td> <p>WDI</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Export</p> </td> <td> <p>Export metrics of the country</p> </td> <td> <p>USD</p> </td> <td> <p>WDI</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>GDP per capita</p> </td> <td> <p>Economic output per person</p> </td> <td> <p>USD per person</p> </td> <td> <p>WDI</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Rural population</p> </td> <td> <p>Proportion of population in rural areas</p> </td> <td> <p>Percentage</p> </td> <td> <p>WDI</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Precipitation</p> </td> <td> <p>Amount of rainfall or precipitation</p> </td> <td> <p>Millimeters</p> </td> <td> <p>Created for Kåresdotter et al., (2022a)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Water stress</p> </td> <td> <p>Baseline water stress</p> </td> <td> <p>Categorical (0 to 5)</p> </td> <td> <p> Aqueduct 3.0 (events up until 1984) and 4.0</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Coordinates</p> </td> <td> <p>Latitude and longitude of event</p> </td> <td> <p>Degree</p> </td> <td> <p>Kåresdotter et al., (2022b)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Region</p> </td> <td> <p>Geographic region of event(s)</p> </td> <td> <p>Region</p> </td> <td> <p>UN Statistics Division</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Event text</p> </td> <td> <p>Text describing the conflict or cooperation event</p> </td> <td> <p>Event text</p> </td> <td> <p>Kåresdotter et al., (2022b)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Year</p> </td> <td> <p>Year of observation</p> </td> <td> <p>Year</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
Improved database of public-private partnerships from World Bank with imputed economic, institutional and conflict data.
<p>The <a href="https://ppi.worldbank.org/en/ppi">World Bank's database</a> on private participation in infrastructure (PPI) projects provides detailed information on these initiatives. However, the original dataset includes imputed macro-level data for the countries that is outdated, lacks assigned ISO country codes, and is not linked to other standard country-level variables necessary for proper analysis and control by territory. In the improved version of the database, 10,958 project observations from 1900 to 2021 have been supplemented with ISO 2 and 3 country codes, enabling accurate integration with other databases. Additionally, 49 new variables related to <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/?cid=ECR_GA_worldbank_EN_EXTP_search&s_kwcid=AL!18468!3!704632427243!b!!g!!world%20bank%20projects&gad_source=1">economic</a>, <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators">institutional</a>, and <a href="https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/">conflict data</a> are incorporated by country and year. This enhanced database ensures that researchers can retain critical World Bank information that might otherwise be lost in future updates, as it is not always preserved in repositories</p>
Conflict Event Knowledge Graph based on the ongoing Ukraine-Russia Conflict
<p><strong>Conflict Event Knowledge Graph</strong> is a <strong>Knowledge Graph</strong> that links the tweets and the current events of <strong>Russia-Ukraine Conflict</strong> portrayed in <strong>English Wikipedia</strong> from <strong>24th February 2022 to 4th March 2022</strong>. </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: In the current situation of Russia-Ukraine Conflict, numerous contents are posted daily to engage in the discourse about different events in this conflict. The goal of this study is to provide a framework to enable analysis of these events and the Twitter data, utilizing entity linking. The relevant tweets and events are integrated into a Knowledge Graph <strong>ConflictEventKG</strong>, and the resources are made publicly available.</p> <p><strong>Homepage</strong>: <a href="https://siebeniris.github.io/ConflictEventKG/">https://siebeniris.github.io/ConflictEventKG/</a></p> <p><strong>Code</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/siebeniris/ConflictEventKG">https://github.com/siebeniris/ConflictEventKG</a></p> <p> </p>
Analytical Center of University Cultural Productions in the Context of the Conflict (caPAZ)
<p>This dataset comprises a collection of journalistic articles written by young university students in Colombia, which is a product of the project: Analytical Center of University Cultural Productions in the Context of the Conflict (caPAZ), funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Minciencias) and the National Center for Historical Memory (CNM) of Colombia (under the code: 1349-872-76354, agreement 872 of 2020) This corpus includes news written by the 8 colleges media of the Colombian Network of College Journalism from 2001 to 2021. The dataset includes digital news, for a total of 2373 news items related to the armed conflict, the memory of the victims and the peace process in Colombia. These news items were collected through a web-scraping technique, using 3 lemmatized keywords (conflicto armado, memoria de las víctimas y proceso de paz), with the aim of identifying these regular expressions in the logical operators that run through the HTML structure of each Web page</p>
Conflict over the eukaryote root resides in strong outliers, mosaics and missing data sensitivity of site-specific (CAT) mixture models
Abstract Phylogenetic reconstruction using concatenated loci ("phylogenomics" or "supermatrix phylogeny") is a powerful tool for solving evolutionary splits that are poorly resolved in single gene/protein trees (SGTs). However, recent phylogenomic attempts to resolve the eukaryote root have yielded conflicting results, along with claims of various artefacts hidden in the data. We have investigated these conflicts using two new methods for assessing phylogenetic conflict. ConJak uses whole marker (gene or protein) jackknifing to assess deviation from a central mean for each individual sequence, while ConWin uses a sliding window to screen for incongruent protein fragments (mosaics). Both methods allow selective masking of individual sequences or sequence fragments in order to minimize missing data, an important consideration for resolving deep splits with limited data. Analyses focused on a set of 76 eukaryotic proteins of bacterial-ancestry previously used in various combinations to assess the branching order among the three major divisions of eukaryotes: Amorphea (mainly animals, fungi and Amoebozoa), Diaphoretickes (most other well-known eukaryotes and nearly all algae) and Excavata, represented here by Discoba (Jakobida, Heterolobosea, and Euglenozoa). ConJak analyses found strong outliers to be concentrated in under-sampled lineages, while ConWin analyses of Discoba, the most under-sampled of the major lineages, detected potentially incongruent fragments scattered throughout. Phylogenetic analyses of the full data using an LG-gamma model support a Discoba sister scenario (neozoan-excavate root), which rises to 99-100% bootstrap support with data masked according to either protocol. However, analyses with two site-specific (CAT) mixture models yielded widely inconsistent results and a striking sensitivity to missing data. The neozoan-excavate root places Amorphea and Diaphoretickes as more closely related to each other than either is to Discoba, a fundamental relationship that should remain unaffected by additional taxa.
Data from: Texas field crickets (Gryllus texensis) use visual cues to place learn but perform poorly when intra- and extra-maze cues conflict
<p>Central place foraging field crickets are an ideal system for studying the adaptive value of learning and memory, but more research is needed on ecology-relevant cognition in these invertebrates. Here, we test the visuospatial place learning of Texas field crickets (<em>Gryllus texensis</em>) in a radial arm maze. Our study expands previous work on <em>G. texensis</em> cognition for accuracy measures and extends our previous findings on females to both sexes. Additionally, our study examines whether crickets use intra- or extra-maze cues to locate a food reward using a maze rotation putting the cues in conflict. We found that male and female crickets improved performance over trials when measured by accuracy variables but not latency variables; thigmotaxis negatively impacted performance in both sexes. In a reward-absent trial, both male and female crickets demonstrated place memory. When intra- and extra-maze cues conflicted during a rotation trial, crickets' performance was not better than chance. Our rotation results suggest that crickets may experience reciprocal overshadowing of conflicting cues – a result most often seen in other taxa with conflicting multi-modal cues. We conclude that crickets do not rely solely on: (1) a single-cue association; (2) route-following; or (3) their own scent cues to navigate the maze. Instead, male and female Texas field crickets seem to learn the location of the reward using a combination of proximal and distal cues. The possibility to test large numbers of wild-caught or laboratory-reared individuals opens the door to future investigations on the evolutionary ecology of visuospatial learning in these invertebrates.</p>
Dataset: A conflict between spatial selection and evidence accumulation in area LIP
<p>This dataset (packaged as the zip file cdots_share.zip) accompanies the article titled "A conflict between spatial selection and evidence accumulation in area LIP" by JA Seideman, TR Stanford, and E Salinas, in Nature Communications (2022).</p> <p>The experimental results in the paper are based on behavioral and single-neuron data collected from two subjects during performance of visuomotor tasks, as described in the article. The trial-by-trial data arrays (matrices inside .mat files) included here are the basis for most analyses reported in the article. </p> <p>In addition to the trial-wise data matrices, the dataset includes Matlab functions and scripts (*.m files) used to analyze the data and generate figures in the article. Instructions and specifics are detailed in the README file. </p>
Interrogating genomic data in the phylogenetic placement of treeshrews reveals potential sources of conflict
<p>The position of some taxa on the Tree of Life remains controversial despite the increase in genomic data used to infer phylogenies. While analyzing large datasets alleviates stochastic errors, it does not prevent systematic errors in inference, caused by both biological (e.g., incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization) and methodological (e.g., incorrect modeling, erroneous orthology assessments) factors. In this study, we systematically investigated factors that could result in these controversies, using the treeshrew (Scandentia, Mammalia) as a study case. Recent studies have narrowed the phylogenetic position of treeshrews to three competing hypotheses: sister to primates and flying lemurs (Primatomorpha), sister to rodents and lagomorphs (Glires), or sister to a clade comprising all of these. We sampled 50 mammal species including three treeshrews, a selection of taxa from the potential sister groups, and outgroups. Using a large diverse set of loci, we assessed support for the alternative phylogenetic position of treeshrews. The results suggest that the data has statistical support for two hypotheses for the placements of treeshrews, sister to Primatomorpha and to Primatomorpha + Glires. While we observe differences in properties of loci of different types (e.g., CDS, intron, etc.) with respect to the strength of the signal, the support for any particular topology is not dependent on the properties of the data. Rather, we show that the method of phylogenetic signal assessment, as well as whether the signal is measured using the full dataset or only loci with the strongest signal, impacts the results much more.</p>
Conflict over fertilization underlies the transient evolution of reinforcement
<p>When two species meet in secondary contact, the production of low-fitness hybrids may be prevented by the adaptive evolution of increased prezygotic isolation, a process known as reinforcement. Theoretical challenges to the evolution of reinforcement are generally cast as a coordination problem, i.e. "how can statistical associations between traits and preferences be maintained in the face of recombination?" However, the evolution of reinforcement also poses a potential conflict between mates. For example, the opportunity costs to hybridization may differ between the sexes or species. This is particularly likely for reinforcement based on postmating prezygotic (PMPZ) incompatibilities, as the ability to fertilize both conspecific and heterospecific eggs is beneficial to male gametes, but heterospecific mating may incur a cost for female gametes. We develop a population genetic model of interspecific conflict over reinforcement inspired by "gametophytic factors'', which act as PMPZ barriers among <em>Zea mays</em> subspecies. We demonstrate that this conflict results in the transient evolution of reinforcement––after females adaptively evolve to reject gametes lacking a signal common in conspecific gametes, this gamete signal adaptively introgresses into the other population. Ultimately the male gamete signal fixes in both species, and isolation returns to pre-reinforcement levels. We interpret geographic patterns of isolation among <em>Z. mays</em> subspecies considering these findings and suggest when and how this conflict can be resolved. Our results suggest that sexual conflict over fertilization may pose an understudied obstacle to the evolution of reinforcement. </p>
Figures for "Improving Satellite Monitoring of Armed Conflicts"
<p>Figure 1. From space, VHR imagery from Planet and Maxar reveals the landscape effects of Russia'’s invasion of Ukraine. 1. Cars waiting at the Ukrainian-Hungarian border (WorldView-3/Maxar); 2. Active fires in Chernihiv (PlanetScope2022/03/21); 3a. The North Crimean Channel without water preinvasion (PlanetScope-2022/02/21); 3b. Filled with water post-invasion (PlanetScope-2022/03/24); 4. Burning apartment buildings in Mariupol (WorldView-3/Maxar). Maxar imagery was obtained from https://www.maxar.com/ on 5 April 2022. PlanetScope data were obtained through University of Copenhagen license agreement PL0030875_2021/2022.</p> <p> </p> <p>Figure 2. A village and surrounding farmland in Ukraine'’s Lviv Oblast are more difficult to discern in imagery from medium-resolution civilian satellites Landsat 8 (USGS, 2021/05/04) and Sentinel-2 (ESA, 2021/05/11) than in commercial VHR imagery from Dove/PlanetScope (2021/05/09) and SkySat (2021/05/09), both of which belong to Planet. Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 data are available via https://glovis.usgs.gov. PlanetScope data were obtained through University of Copenhagen license agreement PL-0030875_2021/2022. SkySat data were obtained by special request from Planet.</p>
Opposing life history strategies allow grass shrimp parasites to avoid a conflict of interest
<p>A conflict of interest occurs when parasites manipulate the behavior of their host in contradictory ways to achieve different goals. In grass shrimp (<em>Palaemonetes pugio</em>), trematode parasites that use shrimp as an intermediate host cause the shrimp to be more active than usual around predators, whereas bopyrid isopod parasites that use shrimp as a final host elicit the opposite response. Since these parasites are altering the host's behavior in opposing directions, a conflict of interest would occur in co-infected shrimp. Natural selection should favor attempts to resolve this conflict through avoidance, killing, or sabotage. In a field survey of shrimp populations in four tidal creeks in the Cape Fear River, we found a significant negative association between the two parasites. Parasite abundance was negatively correlated in differently sized hosts, suggesting avoidance as a mechanism. Subsequent mortality experiments showed no evidence of early death of co-infected hosts. In behavior trials, co-infected shrimp did not show significantly different behavior from singly infected or uninfected shrimp, suggesting that neither parasite sabotages the manipulation of the other. Taken together, our results suggest that rather than sabotaging or killing one another, bopyrid and trematode parasites tend to infect differently sized hosts, thus avoiding a conflict and confirming the importance of testing assumptions in natural contexts.</p>
Data from: Flying without fear: shooting disturbance has little effect on site preferences in a conflict goose species
<p>Human-modified landscapes have created opportunities for numerous taxa. Agricultural expansion has proven advantageous for several Arctic-breeding goose species, leading to increased abundance and intensified conflict with farmers. Shooting is frequently implemented as a mitigation strategy to control population and via scaring to alter the spatial distribution of conflict species. However, the efficacy of such regimes in manipulating the fear landscape is not always investigated.</p> <p>We developed resource selection functions using GPS-tracking data for Greenland barnacle geese (<em>Branta leucopsis</em>) wintering on Islay, Scotland to assess foraging site choice. We assessed overall foraging site preference and evaluated the influence of shooting management on foraging site selection of key habitats.</p> <p>Barnacle geese selected for improved grassland areas and the likelihood of utilisation varied between these fields according to field-specific management. Protected areas were strongly selected for along with newly reseeded grassland. Field-level exposure to shooting disturbance did not cause a notable change in site selection.</p> <p><strong><em>Synthesis and Applications: </em></strong>Our results demonstrate the importance of providing refuges within managed agricultural landscapes to encourage site use and minimise conflict. We highlight how low intensity shooting disturbance may be ineffective in altering winter habitat selection of high-value foraging sites (especially near roosts). If future management aimed to stimulate redistribution higher intensity shooting disturbance along with the spatial and temporal coordination of shooting effort would likely be required to create a stronger perceived gradient of disturbance risk.</p>
Figure 3 in RESOLVING PHYLOGENETIC AND TAXONOMIC CONFLICT IN BEGONIA
Figure 3. Differences in basal topology of Begonia phylogeny shown on diagrammatic representations of maximum likelihood analysis of chloroplast (CP) data (left), mitochondrial (MT) data (middle) and nuclear (Nuc) data (right). Cladograms show topology only, branch lengths are not to scale. NC1, Neotropical clade 1; NC2, Neotropical clade 2.
Figure 2 in RESOLVING PHYLOGENETIC AND TAXONOMIC CONFLICT IN BEGONIA
Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Begonia based on a concatenated alignment of 1235 nuclear genes. Nodes have 100% fast bootstrap support, unless indicated. Section name abbreviations: AUG, Augustia; BAC, Baccabegonia; BEG, Begonia; BRA, Bracteibegonia; COE, Coelocentrum; DIP, Diploclinium; DON, Donaldia; ERM, Erminea; EXA, Exalabegonia; FLO, Flocciferae; GIR, Gireoudia; HAG, Haagea; LEP, Lepsia; LOA, Loasibegonia; NER, Nerviplacentaria; PET, Petermannia; PRI, Pritzelia; RID, Ridleyella; ROS, Rostrobegonia; SQA, Squamibegonia; TET, Tetraphila; WAG, Wagenaria.
Figure 1 in RESOLVING PHYLOGENETIC AND TAXONOMIC CONFLICT IN BEGONIA
Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenies of Begonia based on chloroplast (CP) data (the ndhA intron, ndhF–rpl32 spacer and rpl32–trnL spacer; left) and mitochondrial (MT) data (the matR gene, nad1 intron and gene, nad7 introns and gene, and rps14–cob spacer; right). Asterisks represent fast bootstrap support of>90%. Tanglegram produced using the R package Phytools (Revell, 2012).
Data from: Coordination of care reduces conflict and predation risk in a cooperatively breeding bird
<p>When two or more individuals cooperate to provision a shared brood, each carer may be able to maximize their payoffs by coordinating provisioning in relation to what others are doing. This investment 'game' is not simply a matter of how much to invest, but also of the relative timing of investment. Recent studies propose that temporal coordination of care in the forms of alternation (i.e. turn-taking) and synchrony (i.e. provisioning together) function to mitigate conflict between carers and reduce brood predation risk, respectively. Such coordination is widespread in biparental and cooperatively breeding birds, yet the fitness consequences have rarely been empirically tested. Here, we use a long-term study of long-tailed tits <em>Aegithalos caudatus</em>, a facultative cooperatively breeding bird with active coordination of care, to assess the support for these hypothesized functions for coordination of provisioning visits. First, we found evidence that turn-taking mitigates conflict between carers because, in cooperative groups, provisioning rates and offspring recruitment increased with the level of active alternation exhibited by carers, and with the associated increase in provisioning rate parity between carers. In contrast, offspring recruitment did not increase with alternation in biparental nests, although it was positively correlated with parity of provisioning between carers, which is predicted to result from conflict mitigation. Secondly, synchronous nest visits were associated with a reduced probability of nest predation and thus increased brood survival, especially when provisioning rates were high. We attribute this effect to synchrony reducing carer activity near the nest. We conclude that temporal coordination of provisioning visits in the forms of alternation and synchrony both confer fitness benefits on carers, and despite being intrinsically linked, these different kinds of coordination appear to serve different functions.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.