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FIG.1 in Une nouvelle espèce de Foetidia (Lecythidaceae, sous-famille Foetidioideae) en danger critique d'extinction récemment découverte à Mayotte, archipel des Comores
FIG.1. — Foetidia comorensis Labat, Bidault & Viscardi, sp. nov.: A, rameau fleuri; B, fruit mature; C, sépale pétaloïde du fruit mature; D, détail du style et des bractéoles du réceptacle du fruit mature. Échelles: A, B, 1 cm; C, D, 0,5 cm. A, Viscardi & Guiot 219; B-D, Viscardi et al. 101. Dessin Marion Madeira.
FIG. 2 in Une nouvelle espèce de Foetidia (Lecythidaceae, sous-famille Foetidioideae) en danger critique d'extinction récemment découverte à Mayotte, archipel des Comores
FIG. 2. — Foetidia comorensis Labat, Bidault & Viscardi, sp. nov.: A, bouton floral; B, fleur; C, rameau stérile avec jeunes feuilles; D, rameau fleuri; E, fruit avec sépales pétaloïdes sclérifiés et style persistant; F, réceptacle et bractéoles persistantes à la base, pédicelle. Photos G. Viscardi.
Figure 11 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 11. Upchurch (1998) continued. A, 50% majority-rule consensus of 15 trees produced when all characters are left unordered. B, most parsimonious tree when only characters C75−C79 are left unordered. Dashed lines indicate nodes that collapse in a 50% majority-rule consensus of trees two steps longer than the most parsimonious tree.
Figure 8 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 8. Minimum implied gap (MIG) predicted by the topologies of Wilson & Sereno (1998), left, and Upchurch (1998), right. Grey bars indicate missing lineages as implied by sister-taxon relationships. The dashed bar denotes an missing interval for Diplodocoidea that is implied by the late appearance of the controversial species Antarctosaurus wichmannianus (Huene, 1929), here regarded as a rebbachisaurid (see Table 13). Timescale based on Harland et al. (1990).
Figure 1 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 1. Silhouette skeletal reconstruction of Dicraeosaurus hansemanni in right lateral view. The reconstruction is based on a partial skeleton (HMN skeleton m), which includes a partially articulated vertebral series from the axis to the 18th caudal vertebra (including ribs and chevrons), a pelvis, and a hindlimb lacking the pes (Janensch, 1929b; Heinrich, 1999: fig. 19). Elongate, biconvex distal caudal centra were collected at sites s and dd, but the length of this series is unknown (McIntosh, 1990: 392). The presence of a 'whiplash' tail of 20 or more elongate, biconvex caudal centra is equivocal for Dicraeosaurus (Wilson et al., 1999: 594). A 'whiplash' of intermediate length has been reconstructed here. The forelimb was based on a second specimen (HMN skeleton o) preserving a scapula, coracoid, humerus, and ulna in association with caudal vertebrae, a pelvis, and a partial hindlimb (Heinrich, 1999: fig. 6). Missing elements of the manus and pes were based on those of Apatosaurus (Gilmore, 1936); missing cranial elements were based on Diplodocus (Wilson & Sereno, 1998: fig. 6A).
Figure 5 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 5. Tail specializations in sauropod dinosaurs. A, bony tail club of Shunosaurus; B, short, biconvex distal caudal vertebrae of a unnamed titanosaur from Argentina; C, 'whiplash' tail vertebrae of Diplodocus. A–C modified from Dong et al. (1989: fig. 1), Wilson et al. (1999: fig. 2), and Holland (1906: fig. 29), respectively. Scale bars = 10 cm.
Figure 13 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 13. Phylogenetic relationships of Sauropoda proposed in this analysis (matrix in Appendix 1). A, most parsimonious tree. B, 50% majority-rule consensus of 1443 trees five steps longer than the most parsimonious tree produced by a pruned matrix. Percentages indicate frequency of preservation of nodes among trees.
Figure 7 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 7. Strict (left) and 50% majority-rule (right) consenses of the five recent cladistic hypotheses shown in Figure 6. Dashed line indicates increased resolution after rescoring two characters in the data matrix of Calvo & Salgado (1995).
Figure 2 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 2. Temporal distribution and relationships of major lineages of dinosaurs during the Triassic and Jurassic. The asterisked grey bar represents the ghost lineage preceding the first appearance of sauropods in the fossil record. The diagnostic features of Sauropoda evolved during this implied 15–25 million year interval. Icons from Wilson & Sereno (1998) and Sereno (1999); timescale based on Harland et al. (1990).
Figure 6 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 6. Five recent cladistic hypotheses of sauropod relationships. Each has been simplified for ease of comparison and to reflect higher-level groupings.
Figure 10 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 10. Upchurch (1998). A, fully resolved most parsimonious tree; B, most parsimonious tree produced with taxa pruned to match those of Upchurch (1995). Dashed lines indicate nodes that collapse in a 50% majority-rule consensus of trees two steps longer than the most parsimonious tree.
Fig. 4 in Situation critique de la mante religieuse Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dictyoptera, Mantidae) dans l'Ouest vaudois
Fig. 4. Milieux et localisation des individus de Mantis religiosa. f: Vettanes à Coinsins, g: Les Pralets à Arzier-Le Muids, h: Villars-dessus à Bougy-Villars (échelle: 1 graduation = 50 m). (Photos StÈve Breitenmoser; orthophotos reproduites avec l'autorisation de Swisstopo, BA15130)
Fig. 2 in Situation critique de la mante religieuse Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dictyoptera, Mantidae) dans l'Ouest vaudois
Fig. 2. Observations de Mantis religiosa dans l'Ouest vaudois. Les données historiques sont mention- nées par des ronds bleus (Meylan 1929a, Meylan 1929b) et des carrés jaunes (Info Fauna – CSCF). Les surfaces en rouge représentent les observations faites par l'auteur aprÈs l'an 2000. Echelle: 1 graduation = 2 km. Reproduit avec l'aimable autorisation de Swisstopo (BA15130).
Fig. 1 in Situation critique de la mante religieuse Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dictyoptera, Mantidae) dans l'Ouest vaudois
Fig. 1. Mante religieuse Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758). Femelle (a) et mâle (b), photographiés respectivement le 9.9.2007 et le 8.9.2004 au Bucley à La Rippe. OothÈque (c), photographiée à l'Allondon (GE) le 5.10.2011 et larve (d) photographiée à La Rippe le 23.7.2007. (Photos StÈve Breitenmoser)
Fig. 3 in Situation critique de la mante religieuse Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dictyoptera, Mantidae) dans l'Ouest vaudois
Fig. 3. Milieux et localisation des individus de Mantis religiosa. a: Bucley à La Rippe (échelle: 1 gradua- tion = 50 m), b: Bois de Ban à Trélex, c: La Scie à Givrins, d: Le Réservoir à Givrins, e: Couvaloup à Givrins (échelle: 1 graduation = 100 m). (Photos StÈve Breitenmoser; orthophotos reproduites avec l'autorisation de Swisstopo, BA15130)
A critique of Thompson and Ramírez-Barahona (2023) or: how I learned to stop worrying and love the fossil record
<p>A recent study published in <em>Biology Letters</em> by Thompson and Ramírez-Barahona (2023) argued that, according to analyses of diversification on two massive molecular phylogenies comprising thousands of species, there is no evidence that angiosperms (i.e., flowering plants) were affected by the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction. Here I critique these conclusions from both methodological and philosophical perspectives. I demonstrate that the methods used in their study possess statistical limitations that strongly reduce the power to detect a true mass extinction event using data similar to those analyzed by Thompson and Ramírez-Barahona (2023). Additionally, I use their study as a springboard to examine the relationship between phylogenetic and fossil evidence in diversification studies.</p>
Bridging the conservation and development trade-off?: A working landscape critique of a conservancy in the Maasai Mara
<p>The recent call to halt biodiversity loss by protecting half the planet has been hotly contested because of the extent to which people might be excluded from these landscapes. It is clear that incorporating landscapes that implicitly work for indigenous people is vital to achieving any sustainable targets.We examine an attempt to balance the trade-offs between conservation and development in Enonkishu Conservancy in the Maasai Mara, using a working landscape approach. Mobile livestock production strategies are theoretically consistent with wildlife-based activities and can present a win-win solution for both conservation and development. We explore the success and failings of Enonkishu's evolving attempts to achieve this: addressing the criticism of the conservation sector that it fails to learn from its mistakes. We found that Enonkishu has had considerable positive conservation outcomes, preventing the continued encroachment of farmland, maintaining and improving rangeland health relative to the surrounding area, while maintaining diverse and large populations of wildlife and livestock. The learning from certain ventures, that failed, particularly on livestock, has created institutions and governance that, while still evolving, are more robust and relevant for conservancy members, by being fluid and inclusive. Diverse revenue streams (beyond tourism, including a residential estate, livestock venture and philanthropy) enabled Enonkishu to withstand the pressures of Covid-19. Livestock is crucial for defining the vision of the conservancy, and the institutions and governance that underpin it.</p>
Figure 9 in Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis
Figure 9. Higher-level relationships of sauropods based on Wilson & Sereno (1998).
Biomisa Arducopter Sensory Critique (BASiC) Dataset
<p><strong>UAV’s Sensor’s Failures Dataset: Biomisa Arducopter Sensory Critique (BASiC): </strong>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) rely on sophisticated sensors and mission-critical autopilot software for precise navigation and control during autonomous flights. However, UAVs face risks due to physical exposure and potential cyber exploitations, making their sensory mechanism vulnerable to impairments and data alterations. Sensor failures can lead to hazardous flight conditions, presenting challenges for timely fault handling and adjustments by the autopilot. To tackle these issues, we conducted pioneering experiments and created the Biomisa Arducopter Sensory Critique (BASiC) dataset. Comprising 70 autonomous flight instances over 7 hours, the dataset includes pre-failure, post-failure, and no-failure data, facilitating in-depth UAV sensor failure analysis. Our dataset's incorporation of six representative sensors, including GPS, remote control, accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, and barometer, ensures practicality and relevance for UAV operations. By enabling research on state-of-the-art deep learning models, the BASiC dataset will empower the research community to advance UAV safety and reliability in mission-critical autonomous flights.</p>
A critique of Thompson and Ramírez-Barahona (2023) or: how I learned to stop worrying and love the fossil record
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