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FIGURE 5 in A new species of South American whitefly (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) colonising cultivated bay laurel
FIGURE 5 (A-G). Aleuroplatus biluminiporus sp. nov. A. Habitus photograph of puparium. B. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of puparial vasiform orifice, with operculum raised. C. SEM of first-instar larva, habitus position. D. SEM of first-instar larva, thoracic marginal flanges. E. SEM of first-instar larva, abdominal marginal projections. F. SEM of first-instar larva, vasiform orifice. G. SEM of a group of eggs.
FIGURE. Euphorbia multibrachiata in cultivation. A. detail of the spination; B. detail of the leaf venation and reddish petiole; C. inflorescence showing the spreading cyathophylls; D. fruits; E. young seedling in cultivation showing the early branching. Credits: J.Spannring (A–E). in Taxonomic changes and new species in Malagasy Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)
FIGURE. Euphorbia multibrachiata in cultivation. A. detail of the spination; B. detail of the leaf venation and reddish petiole; C. inflorescence showing the spreading cyathophylls; D. fruits; E. young seedling in cultivation showing the early branching. Credits: J.Spannring (A–E).
FIGURE. Euphorbia parvimedusae in cultivation by P.Pavelka (Czech Republic). A. detail of the subterranean branching pattern with caudex; B. young flowering branch; C. habit in cultivation; D. detail of an inflorescence, cyathia with staminate flowers. Credits: R. van Veldhuisen (A–D). in Taxonomic changes and new species in Malagasy Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)
FIGURE. Euphorbia parvimedusae in cultivation by P.Pavelka (Czech Republic). A. detail of the subterranean branching pattern with caudex; B. young flowering branch; C. habit in cultivation; D. detail of an inflorescence, cyathia with staminate flowers. Credits: R. van Veldhuisen (A–D).
FIGURE. Euphorbia tsihombensis, plants in cultivation at the National Tree Museum Gimborn, The Netherlands. A. detail of the young spination with accessory spines at the base; B. branch in cultivation showing brachyblast leaves; C. branch with young spines and flat leaves with reddish and widely undulating margin. Credits. W.L.A.Hetterscheid (A–C). in Taxonomic changes and new species in Malagasy Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)
FIGURE. Euphorbia tsihombensis, plants in cultivation at the National Tree Museum Gimborn, The Netherlands. A. detail of the young spination with accessory spines at the base; B. branch in cultivation showing brachyblast leaves; C. branch with young spines and flat leaves with reddish and widely undulating margin. Credits. W.L.A.Hetterscheid (A–C).
Georeferenced phylogenetic analysis of a global collection of wild and cultivated Citrullus species
<p>The geographical origin of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) remains debated. While a first hypothesis suggests the center of origin to be west Africa, where a sister endemic species C. mucosospermus thrives, a second hypothesis suggests north-eastern Africa where the white-fleshed Sudanese Kordophan melon is cultivated. In this study, we infer biogeographical and haplotype genealogy for C. lanatus, C. mucosospermus, C. amarus, and C. colocynthis using non-coding cpDNA sequences (trnT-trnL and ndhF-rpl32 regions) from a global collection of 135 accessions. In total, we identified 38 haplotypes in C. lanatus, C. mucosospermus, C. amarus, and C. colocynthis; of these, 21 were found in Africa and 17 appear endemic to the continent. The least diverse species was C. mucosospermus (5 haplotypes) and the most diverse was C. colocynthis (16 haplotypes). Some haplotypes of C. mucosospermus were nearly exclusive to West-Africa, and C. lanatus and C. mucosospermus shared haplotypes that were distinct from those of both C. amarus and C. colocynthis. The results support previous findings C. mucosospermus to be the closest relative to C. lanatus (including subsp. cordophanus). West Africa, as a center of endemism of C. mucosospermus, is an area of interest in the search of the origin of C. lanatus. This calls for further historical and phylogeographical investigations and wider collection of samples in West and North-East Africa.</p>
Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
<p>In the past, the floristic diversity of arable fields has been described in terms of species diversity (SD) and their degree of coverage (C), but never in combination with the recording of the actually flowered species (FS) and their flowering intensity (FI) to striking differences in the cultivation methods on arable land. In relation with SD and C, however, FS and FI may provide important additional information on the functional biodiversity of fields. The aim was therefore to investigate the effects of a) conventional, b) organic as well as c) smallholder (never application of herbicides) on the floristic diversity. Using a region in Germany, we investigated SD, C, FS and FI synchronously in a), b) and c), by 356 vegetation surveys (5x5m plots) conducted in spring and summer in 2019 in winter cereals. Statistical tests were used to analyse the differences between a), b) and c). The medians were used to compare the floristic diversity of a), b) and c) and finally relationships of FS and FI to SD were analysed in relation to the cultivation methods. Significant differences in SD, C, FS and FI were found between the a), b) and c) in spring and summer characterised by sharp declines from c) to b) to a). A drastic reduction in floristic diversity from c) 100 to b) 52 to a) 3 was determined. Plants in flower (FS, FI), were very poorly in a), moderately well to well in b) and well to very well represented in c). C) to a) was characterised by an sharp decline, and, from a) to b) by sharp increase in floristic diversity. With current acreage proportions of a) in mind, this would affect, about one-third of land area in Germany, associated with a drastic reduction in functional biodiversity for insects.</p>
FIGURE 1. Morphological comparission between C. agatiflora subsp. engleri and C in Misidentified For More Than 50 Years, Crotalaria Rosenii (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Crotalarieae), A Cultivated Species In Colombia And Ecuador
FIGURE 1. Morphological comparission between C. agatiflora subsp. engleri and C. rosenii. (A, C, E) C. rosenii; (B, D, F) C. agatiflora subsp. engleri; (A-B) habit; (C-D) bark; (E-F) leaves. Scales: A-B, 50 cm. C-F, 2 cm. Photographs: Andrés Fonseca-Cortés.
FIGURE 4 in Misidentified For More Than 50 Years, Crotalaria Rosenii (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Crotalarieae), A Cultivated Species In Colombia And Ecuador
FIGURE 4. Morphological comparission of the pods and seeds between C. agatiflora subsp. engleri and C. rosenii. (A) pods in dorsal view C. rosenii (upper) and C. agatiflora subsp. engleri (lower); (B) pods in lateral view of C. rosenii and C. agatiflora subsp. engleri; (C) pods in front view of C. rosenii and C. agatiflora subsp. engleri; (D) seeds of C. agatiflora subsp. engleri (right) and C. rosenii (left). Scales A-C, 1 cm. D, 3 mm. Photographs: Andrés Fonseca-Cortés.
FIGURE 2. Morphological comparission between C. agatiflora subsp. engleri and C in Misidentified For More Than 50 Years, Crotalaria Rosenii (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Crotalarieae), A Cultivated Species In Colombia And Ecuador
FIGURE 2. Morphological comparission between C. agatiflora subsp. engleri and C. rosenii. (A, C, E) C. rosenii, (B, D, F) C. agatiflora subsp. engleri; (A-B) inflorescences; (C-D) bracts; (E-F) bracteoles. Scales: A, 2 cm. B, 5 cm. C-D, 1 cm. E, 5 mm. F, 1 cm. Photographs: Andrés Fonseca-Cortés.
FIGURE 3. Morphological comparission between C. agatiflora subsp. engleri and C in Misidentified For More Than 50 Years, Crotalaria Rosenii (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Crotalarieae), A Cultivated Species In Colombia And Ecuador
FIGURE 3. Morphological comparission between C. agatiflora subsp. engleri and C. rosenii. (A, C, E, G) C. rosenii; (B, D, F, H) C. agatiflora; (A-B) standard; (C) claw glabrous; (D) claw tomentose; (E-F) wings; (G) keel with the apex hooked; (H) keel with the apex straight. Scales A, B, E, F, G, H: 1 cm; C, D: 5 mm. Photographs: Andrés Fonseca-Cortés.
FIGURE 1. Dendrobium fuscifaucium. A. Habit. B. Flower, front view. C. Flower, side view. D. Flower, ventral view. E. Young fruit. F in Dendrobium fuscifaucium (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Dendrobieae), a new Laotian species only known in cultivation
FIGURE 1. Dendrobium fuscifaucium. A. Habit. B. Flower, front view. C. Flower, side view. D. Flower, ventral view. E. Young fruit. F. Sepals, petals and column. G. Labellum. H. Anther cap, dorsal view. I. Anther cap, ventral view. J. Anther cap, posterior view. K. Pollinium. All drawn from live plant (KS1400) by K. Souvannakhoummane.
FIGURE 2. Dendrobium fuscifaucium. A–C. Habit. D. Flower, side view. E. Flower, front view. F in Dendrobium fuscifaucium (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Dendrobieae), a new Laotian species only known in cultivation
FIGURE 2. Dendrobium fuscifaucium. A–C. Habit. D. Flower, side view. E. Flower, front view. F. Sepals, petals and column. G. Labellum. H. Anther cap, dorsal view. I. Anther cap, ventral view. J. Anther cap, posterior view. All from (KS1400) by K. Souvannakhoummane.
FIGURE 1 in Passiflora mistratensis, a new species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) from Colombia, commonly known from European cultivation
FIGURE 1. Passiflora mistratensis sp. nov. A) The fully open flower during anthesis, bar representing 1 cm; B) detail of the ovate foliage and large foliaceous stipules; C) detail of the 3 pairs of large conspicuous petiolar nectaries; D) Detail of the flower bud and short awns. Photograph courtesy by A) John Vanderplank; B) Paulo Mendonca; C–D) Arjen Lommen.
FIGURE 4. Spathiphyllum wilfridianum. A. Cultivated adult plant. B in Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent
FIGURE 4. Spathiphyllum wilfridianum. A. Cultivated adult plant. B. Adaxial view of the blade. C. Portion of petioles showing entire sheath margins (arrow). D. Inflorescence showing spathe and spadix in anthesis. E. Pistils. Photos by P. Díaz Jiménez.
FIGURE. Taraxacum bulgaricum. General habit of cultivated plants from the Pirin (PRA, no. det. 30153). Scale bars = 2 cm. in A hotspot of endemism: Oreophytic Taraxacum species (Compositae, Crepidinae) in the mountains of Bulgaria
FIGURE. Taraxacum bulgaricum. General habit of cultivated plants from the Pirin (PRA, no. det. 30153). Scale bars = 2 cm.
FIGURE 18. Hyperlasion aliens Mohrig, 2004 in Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions
FIGURE 18. Hyperlasion aliens Mohrig, 2004 (specimen from Papua New Guinea). A. Hypopygium. B. Flagellomere 3–5. C. Male.
FIGURE 17 in Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions
FIGURE 17. Scatopsciara atomaria (Zetterstedt, 1851). A. Hypopygium. B. Flagellomeres 4–6. C. Palpus. D. Fore tibia.
FIGURE 16 in Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions
FIGURE 16. Bradysia strenua (winnertz, 1867). A. Left side of the hypopygium in ventral view. B. Gonostylus. C. 4th flagellomere. D. Scutellum.
FIGURE 15 in Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions
FIGURE 15. Corynoptera concinna (winnertz, 1867). A. Hypopygium. B. Basal segments of antenna. C. Fore tibia.
FIGURE 14 in Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions
FIGURE 14. Bradysia spatitergum (Hardy, 1956). A. Hypopygium, ventral side. B. Hypopygium, dorsal side. C. Flagellomeres 3–5.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.