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121 results for “darter”
Data from: Genetic structure and diversity of the blueface darter Etheostoma cyanoprosopum, a microendemic freshwater fish in the southeastern United States
Darters represent one of the most diverse groups of freshwater fishes in North America, but approximately 33% of the 215 recognized species are considered imperiled on the IUCN Red List. Discovery and description of new darter species continues at a relatively rapid pace, with many exhibiting microendemic geographic distributions and little baseline data for conservation decisions. The Blueface Darter Etheostoma cyanoprosopum is a newly described species that occupies < 20 km of stream reaches in the Bear Creek system of the Tennessee River drainage and the Hubbard Creek system of the Black Warrior River drainage in the Mobile Basin (Alabama, USA). In addition to restricted distribution, the species is threatened by habitat degradation and several natural and man-made barriers that putatively fragment connectivity among populations. This study used microsatellite and mitochondrial (mt) DNA data with comparisons to the relatively broadly distributed sister species (Bandfin Darter E. zonistium) to evaluate multiple objectives about genetic connectivity and diversity among Blueface Darter populations. Analysis of mtDNA data indicated a lack of historical structuring across the Tennessee-Black Warrior river drainage divide and within the Bear Creek system. However, microsatellite-based Bayesian cluster analyses and F-statistics suggested contemporary isolation across the drainage divide and evidence for reservoir-induced fragmentation within the Bear Creek system. Compared to the sister Bandfin Darter, Blueface Darter populations exhibited reduced levels of genetic diversity, rendering them more susceptible to local extirpation and reduced fitness. Continued monitoring and quantitative ecological studies are recommended to understand population-specific measures of occurrence and abundance.
Data from: Agonistic character displacement of genetically based male colour patterns across darters
Agonistic character displacement (ACD) occurs when selection to avoid maladaptive interspecific aggression leads to the evolution of agonistic signals and/or associated behavioural biases in sympatry. Here we test for a pattern consistent with ACD in male colour pattern in darters (Percidae: Etheostoma). Male colour pattern has been shown to function in male-male competition rather than female mating preferences in several darter species. Additionally, males bias their aggression towards conspecific over heterospecific males in sympatry but not in allopatry, consistent with divergent ACD in male behavioural biases. We use a common garden approach to show that differences in male colour pattern among four closely related darter species are genetically based. Additionally, we demonstrate that some aspects of male colour pattern exhibit enhanced differences in sympatric compared to allopatric populations of two darter species, consistent with ACD. However, other male colour traits are more similar between species in sympatry compared to allopatry, indicating that not all signal components are under strong divergent selection in sympatry. This study provides evidence that interspecific male-male aggressive interactions alone can promote elaborate male signal evolution both between and within species. We discuss the implications this has for male-driven ACD and cascade ACD.
Data from: Genetic diversity and divergence in the fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola): implications for conservation of an endangered species
<p>The endangered fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola is found only in the Comal and San Marcos rivers in the Guadalupe River basin in central Texas, USA. Comal River fountain darters were believed to be extir- pated following a severe drought in the 1950s and were reintroduced in the early 1970s using 457 darters from the San Marcos River. In this study we used 23 microsatellite loci to describe and evaluate the genetic diversity, population structure and effective population size (Ne) of fountain darters. We also evaluated the genetic effect of the Comal River reintroduction and the influence of low-head dams (dams) on dispersal in both rivers. Bayesian analysis of individual genotypes and Analysis of Molecular Variation supported two distinct populations concordant with the two rivers. Estimates of Ne were much smaller (<10 %) than census size (Nc) in both rivers but did not indicate the populations are at risk of an immediate and rapid loss of genetic diversity. Coalescent-based estimates of the genetically effective number of founders (Nf) for the Comal River averaged about 49 darters and, together with the indices of genetic diversity and the bottleneck test (heterozygosity excess) results, were consistent with a founder event following the reintroduction in the Comal River. Finally, our results regarding the influence of dams on fountain darter dispersal were equivocal and did not support a conclusion. We recommend this issue be examined further as part of the fountain darter recovery program.</p>
Trans-specific polymorphism and the convergent evolution of supertypes in MHC class II genes in Darters (Etheostoma)
<p>Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes are one of the most polymorphic gene groups known in vertebrates. MHC genes also exhibit allelic variants that are shared among taxa, referred to as trans-specific polymorphism (TSP). The role that selection plays in maintaining such high diversity within species, as well as TSP, is an ongoing discussion in biology. In this study we used deep-sequencing techniques to characterize MHC class IIb gene diversity in three sympatric species of darters. We found at least 5 copies of the MHC gene in darters, with 126 genetic variants encoding 122 unique amino acid sequences. We identified four supertypes based on the binding properties of proteins encoded by the sequences. Although each species had a unique pool of variants, many variants were shared between species pairs and across all three species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the variants did not group together monophyletically based on species identity or on supertype. An expanded phylogenetic analysis showed that some darter alleles grouped together with alleles from other percid fishes. Our findings show that TSP occurs in darters, which suggests that balancing selection is acting at the genotype level. Supertypes, however, are most likely evolving convergently, as evidenced by the fact that alleles do not form monophyletic groups based on supertype. Our research demonstrates that selection may be acting differently on MHC genes at the genotype and supertype levels, selecting for the maintenance of high genotypic diversity while driving the convergent evolution of similar MHC phenotypes across different species.</p>
Data from: Conservation genomics of the threatened Trispot Darter (Etheostoma trisella)
<p>The southeastern United States is a hotspot of biodiversity, but aquatic habitats are fragmented by anthropogenic activities such as hydrologic alteration. Small-stream-inhabiting fish can suffer population declines, loss of genetic diversity, and migration impediment from riverine impoundment. The Trispot Darter (<em>Etheostoma trisella</em>) is a small, freshwater fish endemic to the southeastern United States. <em>E. trisella </em>was previously believed to be extinct and has now been listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, due to destruction of its limited habitat and a restricted range. We used mitochondrial DNA (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene), seven microsatellite loci, and 9732 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to evaluate population structure and diversity in <em>E. trisella</em>. Mitochondrial data provided evidence of historical connectivity between populations, with haplotype sharing across populations and weak support for population structure. Microsatellite and SNP data, however, indicate that populations have more recently become isolated. Furthermore, we detect three distinct management units (i.e., genetic groups) which reflect isolated geographic localities (i.e., Little Canoe Creek, Ballplay Creek, and a system including the Conasauga and Coosawattee rivers). We also detected a recent bottleneck event in the Ballplay Creek population as well as a low effective population size. Tests of isolation by distance further suggest that populations are structured by riverine isolation rather than geographic distance. A better understanding about the distribution, abundance, and habitat occupancy of all E. trisella populations will be important for informing future decisions for conservation of the species.</p>
DARTER: Digital twins for Accessible Real Testing grounds for automotive Engineers and Researchers
<p>The DARTER dataset contains a sample (for now) of driving data (camera, LiDAR, IMU, steering wheel angle, etc.) without labels gathered at AstaZero's test track using the Chalmers ReVeRe lab's SnowFox test vehicle. DARTER stands for Digital twins for Accessible Real Testing grounds for automotive Engineers and Researchers. This research was possible thanks to the funds of a SAFER pre-study grant.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>About DARTER:</strong></p> <p>Verification and validation (V&V) of Intelligent Transport Solutions and their components in real traffic is difficult (costs, passers-by, etc.) and running tests under all possible conditions (weather, traffic, etc.) is impossible. For these reasons, controlled proving grounds and simulations are being used to safely increase the coverage of V&V. </p> <p>The DARTER project, a SAFER pre-study, addresses two issues connected to these alternatives. On the one hand, the limited access to real proving grounds and their corresponding high-fidelity simulations of academic researchers, key in evaluating the benefits and social and environmental harms that technological advances can pose. On the other hand, the fidelity gap between the virtual and the real world, that prevents the usage of simulations at vehicle integration test level and needs to be understood and measured. </p> <p>SAFER pre-studies https://www.saferresearch.com/content/safer-pre-studies </p>
Reinforcement in the banded darter Etheostoma zonale: the effect of sex and sympatry on preferences
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Data from: Genome-wide diversity and habitat underlie fine-scale phenotypic differentiation in the rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum)
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Data from: Agonistic character displacement of genetically based male colour patterns across darters
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Data from: The evolution of darter color and pattern: Small, rocky streams and riffles enhance the diversification of bright and conspicuous fishes
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Data from: Genetic structure and diversity of the blueface darter Etheostoma cyanoprosopum, a microendemic freshwater fish in the southeastern United States
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Data from: Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters and its implications for speciation in allopatry
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Data from: Genetic diversity and divergence in the fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola): implications for conservation of an endangered species
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Data from: Conservation genomics of the threatened Trispot Darter (Etheostoma trisella)
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Trans-specific polymorphism and the convergent evolution of supertypes in MHC class II genes in Darters (Etheostoma)
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FIGURE 6 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
FIGURE 6. Cleithrum (Cle) and postcleithrum (Pc) for the Río Cauca species of Characidium: a.) C. caucanum, IMCN 4529; b.) C. phoxocephalum, IMCN 4820; c.) C. chancoense, IMCN 4527, paratype; d.) C.cf. zebra, IUQ 945.
FIGURE 7 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
FIGURE 7. Comparison of the shape of the medial process of the fifth vertebra in the Characidium species present from the Magdalena-Cauca basin. a.) C. caucanum, IMCN 4529; b.) C. phoxocephalum, IMCN 4820; c.) C. chancoense, IMCN 4527; d.) C. cf. zebra, IMCN 2336. Scale bar 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
FIGURE 5. Swimbladder shape of the Characidium species from the Río Cauca drainage. a.) Characidium caucanum, IMCN 4529 (44.3 mm. SL); b.) C. phoxocephalum, IMCN 4529 (77.7 mm. SL); c.) C. chancoense, IMCN 4527 (45.2 mm. SL) and d.) C. cf. zebra, IUQ 945 (39.9 mm. SL). Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
FIGURE 2. Species of the genus Characidium present in the trans-Andean region of Colombia. a.) Characidium caucanum (holotype) FMNH 56057; b.) Characidium phoxocephalum (holotype), FMNH 56061; c.) C. caucanum, IUQ 563 (male); d.) C. phoxocephalum, IUQ 1250; e.) C. caucanum, IUQ 563 (female); f.) C. chancoense (holotype), IMCN 4528; g.) C. zebra (holotype), FMNH 53547; h.) C. sanctjohanni (holotype), ICN-MHN 211; i.) C. cf. zebra, SU 50391; j.). C. sanctjohanni, IMCN 8928; k.) C. cf. boavistae, UCO-P 409; l.) C. cf. boavistae, IMCN 2615.
FIGURE 1. Characidium chancoense. a in Characidium chancoense, a new species of South American darter from the Río Cauca drainage, Colombia (Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
FIGURE 1. Characidium chancoense. a.) IMCN 4528, Holotype 50.5 mm SL; Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Río Chanco, tributary of Río Cauca. Scale bar: 1cm. b.) Live specimen (uncataloged).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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