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119 results for “dimorphic females”
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Aclastus Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) from the Peruvian Andes, with dimorphic females
FIGURE 3. Habitus of Aclastus mantaricus sp. nov.: A—winged female (holotype); B—brachypterous female.
FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of Aclastus Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) from the Peruvian Andes, with dimorphic females
FIGURE 2. Morphology of Aclastus mantaricus sp. nov.: A—face in frontal view; B—flagellum; C—ovipositor.
FIGURES 1–6. Ceromya glaucescens Tachi & Shima. 1–2, 5 in Description of the female of Ceromya glaucescens Tachi & Shima (Diptera: Tachinidae) and discovery of unusual sexual dimorphism in this species
FIGURES 1–6. Ceromya glaucescens Tachi & Shima. 1–2, 5. Female (Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan). 3–4, 6. Holotype male (Niigata Prefecture, Honshu, Japan). 1, 3. Fore tibia in dorsal view. 2, 4. Mid tibia in dorsal view. 3. Fore tibia in dorsal view. 4. Mid tibia in dorsal view. 5–6. Habitus in left lateral view. 6. Habitus in left lateral view. The arrows on Figs 1, 3 and 2, 4 highlight the preapical dorsal seta on the fore tibia and the anterodorsal setae on the mid tibia, respectively. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for Figs 1–4, 2 mm for Figs 5–6.
Sexual dimorphism and female advantage hypothesis in Dianthus plumarius (Caryophyllaceae)
<p>I tested the sexual dimorphism trade-off hypothesis with the gynomonoecious-gynodioecious <i>Dianthus plumarius </i>(Caryophyllaceae). I measured in female and hermaphrodite plants: flower size, nectar volume and concentration, flower lifespan, ovule production, seed number, seed set, and seed weight. Additionally, bagging and pollen supplementation experiments were carried out to evaluate pollen limitation, probability of apomixis, if spontaneous autogamy is possible, and to examine the importance of pollen origin. </p>
FIG. 9. Ganiagraecia karwinia. A. Adult male. B. Adult female, note dimorphic for pronotal colouration. C in Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini)
FIG. 9. Ganiagraecia karwinia. A. Adult male. B. Adult female, note dimorphic for pronotal colouration. C. Female head. Note fastigium of vertex. D. Adult female, tubercles of meso- and metathorax. E. Adult female, right hind femur. F. Adult male, frons. G. Adult male, thorax. Note prothoracic spines and tubercles of meso- and metathorax. H. Adult male, tip of abdomen, dorsal view. I. Left male cercus, dorsal view. J. Left male cercus, ventral view. K. Left male tegmen. L. Adult male, head and pronotum. Note fastigium of vertex. M. Adult male subgenital plate, ventral view. N. Adult female, tip of abdomen. Note shape of supraanal plate and shallow median sulcus. O. Adult female subgenital plate.
An evolutionary explanation of female-biased sexual size dimorphism in North Sea plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.
<p>Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is caused by differences in selection pressures and life-history trade-offs faced by males and females. Proximate causes of SSD may involve sex-specific mortality, energy acquisition, and energy expenditure for maintenance, reproductive tissues, and reproductive behavior. Using a quantitative, individual-based, eco-genetic model parameterized for North Sea plaice, we explore the importance of these mechanisms for female-biased SSD, under which males are smaller and reach sexual maturity earlier than females (common among fish, but also arising in arthropods and mammals). We consider two mechanisms potentially serving as ultimate causes: (a) Male investments in male reproductive behavior might evolve to detract energy resources that would otherwise be available for somatic growth, and (b) diminishing returns on male reproductive investments might evolve to reduce energy acquisition. In general, both of these can bring about smaller male body sizes. We report the following findings. First, higher investments in male reproductive behavior alone cannot explain the North Sea plaice SSD. This is because such higher reproductive investments require increased energy acquisition, which would cause a delay in maturation, leading to male-biased SSD contrary to observations. When accounting for the observed differential (lower) male mortality, maturation is postponed even further, leading to even larger males. Second, diminishing returns on male reproductive investments alone can qualitatively account for the North Sea plaice SSD, even though the quantitative match is imperfect. Third, both mechanisms can be reconciled with, and thus provide a mechanistic basis for, the previously advanced Ghiselin–Reiss hypothesis, according to which smaller males will evolve if their reproductive success is dominated by scramble competition for fertilizing females, as males would consequently invest more in reproduction than growth, potentially implying lower survival rates, and thus relaxing male–male competition. Fourth, a good quantitative fit with the North Sea plaice SSD is achieved by combining both mechanisms while accounting for sex-specific costs males incur during their spawning season. Fifth, evolution caused by fishing is likely to have modified the North Sea plaice SSD.</p>
FIGURES 1–14. Acothrura impunctata, male. 1 in Sexual dimorphism in the genus Acothrura Melichar, 1915 (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) and description of male and female specimens of A. impunctata (Jacobi, 1905)
FIGURES 1–14. Acothrura impunctata, male. 1. Adult, dorsal view; 2. Adult, lateral view; 3. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 4. Frons and clypeus, ventral view; 5. Genitalia, lateral view; 6. Genitalia, ventral view; 7. Hind legs; 8. Anal tube, dorsal view; 9. Phallic complex, left lateral view; 10. Phallic complex, right dorso-lateral view; 11. Phallic complex, left dorso-lateral view; 12. Phallic complex, dorso-caudal view; 13. Phallic complex, dorsal view; 14. Phallic complex, ventral view. Scale bars: 1–4, 7=1 mm; 5, 6, 8–14=0.2 mm.
FIGURES 29–30 in Sexual dimorphism in the genus Acothrura Melichar, 1915 (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) and description of male and female specimens of A. impunctata (Jacobi, 1905)
FIGURES 29–30. Acothrura impunctata, female genitalia including internal reproductive system, lateral view. Scale bars=0.2 mm.
FIGURES 37–42. Acothrura impunctata, holotype. 37 in Sexual dimorphism in the genus Acothrura Melichar, 1915 (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) and description of male and female specimens of A. impunctata (Jacobi, 1905)
FIGURES 37–42. Acothrura impunctata, holotype. 37. Right tegmina and wing; 38. Left wing; 39. Apex of hind tibia and tarsus; 40–42. Apex of abdomen.
FIGURES 22–28. Acothrura impunctata, female genitalia. 22 in Sexual dimorphism in the genus Acothrura Melichar, 1915 (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) and description of male and female specimens of A. impunctata (Jacobi, 1905)
FIGURES 22–28. Acothrura impunctata, female genitalia. 22. Anal tube, dorsal view; 23. Anal tube, ventral view; 24. Anal tube, lateral view; 25. Gonoplacs and gonapophyses IX, lateral view; 26. Gonoplacs and gonapophyses IX, caudal view; 27. Gonapophyses VIII, gonocoxae VIII and sternite VII, ventral view; 28. Genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars=0.2 mm.
FIGURES 31–36. Acothrura impunctata, holotype. 31 in Sexual dimorphism in the genus Acothrura Melichar, 1915 (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) and description of male and female specimens of A. impunctata (Jacobi, 1905)
FIGURES 31–36. Acothrura impunctata, holotype. 31. Adult, dorsal view; 32. Type labels; 33. Head and thorax, lateral view; 34. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 35–36. Frons and clypeus.
FIGURES 15–21. Acothrura impunctata, female. 15 in Sexual dimorphism in the genus Acothrura Melichar, 1915 (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) and description of male and female specimens of A. impunctata (Jacobi, 1905)
FIGURES 15–21. Acothrura impunctata, female. 15. Adult, dorsal view; 16. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 17. Frons and clypeus, ventral view; 18. Adult, lateral view; 19. Head and thorax, lateral view; 20–21. Hind leg. Scale bars=1 mm.
FIGURE 26 in Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations
FIGURE 26. Paralectotype of Scleroderma [sic.] hova, ♀. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, latero-frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Labels. Scale bars: 200 µm.
FIGURE 28 in Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations
FIGURE 28. Pristocera cambouei, ♀. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, latero-frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Labels. Scale bars: 100 µm.
FIGURE 25 in Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations
FIGURE 25. Paralectotype of Pristocera cambouei, ♂. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, latero-frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Tarsal claws. G. Mesosoma, lateral view. H. Forewing. I. Hamuli, hind wing. J. Labels. Scale bars: 200 µm.
FIGURE 16 in Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations
FIGURE 16. Pristocera makungai, ♀. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, latero-frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. E. Labels. Scale bars: 100 µm.
FIGURE 12 in Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations
FIGURE 12. Pristocera morti, ♀. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, latero-frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. E. Labels. Scale bars: 100 µm.
FIGURE 20 in Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations
FIGURE 20. Pristocera zubai, ♀. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, latero-frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Labels. Scale bar: 500 µm, except 200 µm for B, E.
FIGURE 24 in Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations
FIGURE 24. Lectotype of Scleroderma [sic.] hova, ♀. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, latero-frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Mesopleuron, lateral view. F. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. G. Labels. Scale bars: 100 µm, except 50 µm for B, F.
FIGURE 15 in Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations
FIGURE 15. Pristocera makungai, ♂. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Pronotum, lateral view. G. Mesopleuron, lateral view. H. Forewing. I. Hamuli, hind wing. J. Hypopygium, inner view. K. Genitalia, dorsal view. L. Genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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