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36 results for “disturbance gradient”
Functional organization of woody plant assemblages along precipitation and human disturbance gradients in a seasonally dry tropical forest
<p>Chronic anthropogenic disturbances (CAD) and rainfall are important drivers of plant community assembly, but little is known about the role played by inter and intraspecific trait variation as communities respond to these pervasive forces. Here we examined the hypothesis that lower precipitation and higher CAD reduce both intra and interspecific trait variation in Caatinga dry forests. We sampled woody plants across 15 plots along precipitation and CAD gradients and measured resource-use traits. Effects of precipitation and CAD on RaoQ functional diversity were decomposed into species turnover and intraspecific variability. We used "T-statistics" to assess the trait sorting from the regional pool to local communities (i.e. external filtering), and within-community forces leading to low trait overlap (i.e. internal filtering) at individual- and species-level. Intraspecific variability explained at least one third of the total trait variation and 46% of variation in multitrait diversity across communities. Increasing disturbance reduced multitrait diversity, while precipitation affected some particular traits, such as wood density. Overall, precipitation determined species sorting across communities, while disturbance relaxed internal filters, leading to higher trait overlap within communities due to higher intraspecific variability.<b> </b>Our results suggest that<b> </b>the woody Caatinga flora contains a substantial amount of both inter and intraspecific trait variation. This variation is not randomly distributed within and across communities, but varies according to rainfall conditions and disturbance intensity. These findings reinforce the emerging idea that human-disturbances can reorganize plant communities at multiple scales and highlight trait variability as a key biological asset for the resilience of dry forests.</p>
Data from: Mammalian engineers drive soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions across a disturbance gradient
The effects of mammalian ecosystem engineers on soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions in terrestrial ecosystems are poorly known. Disturbance from livestock has been widely reported to reduce soil function, but disturbance by animals that forage in the soil may partially offset these negative effects of livestock, directly and/or indirectly by shifting the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. Understanding the role of disturbance from livestock and ecosystem engineers in driving soil microbes and functions is essential for formulating sustainable ecosystem management and conservation policies. We compared soil bacterial community composition and enzyme concentrations within four microsites: foraging pits of two vertebrates, the indigenous short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) and the exotic European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and surface and subsurface soils along a gradient in grazing-induced disturbance in an arid woodland. Microbial community composition varied little across the disturbance gradient, but there were substantial differences among the four microsites. Echidna pits supported a lower relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria, but a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria than rabbit pits and surface microsites. Moreover, these microsite differences varied with disturbance. Rabbit pits had a similar profile to the subsoil or the surface soils under moderate and high, but not low disturbance. Overall, echidna foraging pits had the greatest positive effect on function, assessed as mean enzyme concentrations, but rabbits had the least. The positive effects of echidna foraging on function were indirectly driven via microbial community composition. In particular, increasing activity was positively associated with increasing relative abundance of Proteobacteria, but decreasing Acidobacteria. Our study suggests that soil disturbance by animals may offset, to some degree, the oft-reported negative effects of grazing-induced disturbance on soil function. Further, our results suggest that most of this effect will be derived from echidnas, with little positive effects due to rabbits. Activities that enhance the habitat for echidnas or reduce rabbit populations are likely to have a positive effect on soil function in these systems.
Habitat use of Amazonian birds varies by age and foraging guild along a disturbance gradient
<p>Patterns of habitat use directly influence a species' fitness, yet for many species an individual's age can influence patterns of habitat use. However, in tropical rainforests, which host the greatest terrestrial species diversity, little is known about how age classes of different species use different adjacent habitats of varying quality. We use long term mistnet data from the Amazon rainforest to assess patterns of habitat use among adult, adolescent (teenage), and young understory birds in forest fragments, primary, and secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in Brazil. Insectivore adults were most common in primary forest, adolescents were equally likely in primary and secondary forest, and all ages were the least common in forest fragments. In contrast to insectivores, frugivores and omnivores showed no differences among all three habitat types. Our results illustrate potential ideal despotic distributions among breeding populations of some guilds of understory birds where adult insectivores may competitively exclude adolescent individuals from primary forest. Secondary forest recovery appears to hold promise as breeding habitat for frugivore and omnivore species but only as pre-breeding habitat for insectivores, but as the forest ages, the demographic structure of bird populations should match that of primary forest.</p>
Data from: Mammalian engineers drive soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions across a disturbance gradient
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Habitat use of Amazonian birds varies by age and foraging guild along a disturbance gradient
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Data from: Functional responses of multi-taxa communities to disturbance and stress gradients in a restored floodplain
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Functional organization of woody plant assemblages along precipitation and human disturbance gradients in a seasonally dry tropical forest
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Assessing the Ecological Impacts of Biomass Harvesting along a Disturbance Severity Gradient
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Data from: Identifying priority habitats for dung beetle conservation: Taxonomic and functional responses across a land-use disturbance gradient
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Data from: Is the keystone role of figs maintained across a gradient of increasing human disturbance?
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Figure 1 from: Mazón M, López X, Romero O (2020) Hymenoptera functional groups' shifts in disturbance gradients at Andean forests in Southern Ecuador. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 80: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.60345
Figure 1 Localities of the four Andean forest reserves and the sampling points where the Malaise traps were placed in each one for collecting Hymenoptera.
Figure 2 from: Mazón M, López X, Romero O (2020) Hymenoptera functional groups' shifts in disturbance gradients at Andean forests in Southern Ecuador. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 80: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.60345
Figure 2 NMDS plots for hymenopteran families assemblages grouped by conservation level (A) and by reserve (B). Samples from the same group are gathered by convex hulls.
Figure 3 from: Mazón M, López X, Romero O (2020) Hymenoptera functional groups' shifts in disturbance gradients at Andean forests in Southern Ecuador. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 80: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.60345
Figure 3 Mean values of Shannon index for functional diversity of Hymenoptera collected in the three conservation levels (high, medium, low) from the four reserves of Andean forests. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences.
Data from: Quantifying the factors affecting leaf litter decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient
Deforestation and forest degradation are driving unprecedented declines in biodiversity across the tropics, and understanding the consequences of these changes for ecosystem functioning is essential for human well-being. Forest degradation and loss alter ecosystem functioning through changes in species composition and abiotic conditions. However, the consequences of these changes for heterospecific processes are often poorly understood. Leaf litter decomposition is a major source of atmospheric carbon and critical for carbon and nutrient cycling. Through a highly replicated litter-bag experiment (3360 bags), we quantified the effects of litter quality, decomposer functional diversity and seasonal precipitation regime on litter decomposition along a tropical disturbance gradient in SW China. In addition, using soil and litter from sites selected from across the disturbance gradient, we established replicated litter-bed treatments and exposed these to a gradient of simulated canopy cover in a shade-house. Across the landscape, mass loss from litter-bags after 12 months varied from 7% to 98%. Even after 12 months, litter-bags installed at the beginning of the dry season had much lower mass loss than those installed at the beginning of the wet season. As expected, litter quality and faunal exclusion had substantial effects on decomposition rates. Decomposition rates declined along the disturbance gradient from mature forest, through regenerating forest to open land, although the effect size was strongly dependent on installation season. The effect of excluding meso- and macro-invertebrates increased with increasing forest degradation, whereas the effect of litter quality declined. Results from the shade-house experiment strongly suggested that forest degradation effects were driven predominantly by changes in micro-climatic conditions resulting from increased canopy openness. To better model the impacts of anthropogenic global change on litter decomposition rates, it will be important to consider landscape scale processes, such as forest degradation.
Functional diversity of amphibian assemblages along a disturbance gradient
<b>Description: </b><p>Data on amphibian community composition and diet</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/106"><b>Functional diversity of amphibian assemblages along a disturbance gradient</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=270">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: template_Konopik.xlsx</p><p><b>template_Konopik.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 5 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Altitude of sites</b> (described in worksheet altitude)</p><p>Description: Altitude for point sample sites</p><p>Number of fields: 2</p><p>Number of data rows: 63</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>name</b>: Sample site (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>ele</b>: altitude of sample site (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Site details</b> (described in worksheet plots_transects)</p><p>Description: Site codes plus dates and times of sampling</p><p>Number of fields: 8</p><p>Number of data rows: 679</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>pt_id</b>: Unique code for each plot x date combination (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>type</b>: Type of sample area (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>date</b>: Date of sample (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>start</b>: Time at which sample collection began (Field type: Time)</li><li><b>end</b>: Time at which sample collection ended (Field type: Time)</li><li><b>area</b>: Identity of the sampling area (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>stream</b>: Identity of the stream where sample was collected; 'stream' is nested within 'area' (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>plot_transect</b>: Site code; 'plot_transect' is nested within 'stream' (Field type: Location)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Community data</b> (described in worksheet frog_community)</p><p>Description: Frog community samples</p><p>Number of fields: 4</p><p>Number of data rows: 2428</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>pt_id</b>: Unique code relating to site and DateTime for the sample; links to pt_id in 'plots_transects' worksheet (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>frog_id</b>: Species identity (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>number</b>: Number of individuals observed (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>no_call</b>: Number of calls recorded (Field type: Abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Sampled individuals</b> (described in worksheet diet_samples)</p><p>Description: Morphometrics and identity of frogs whose gut contents were lavaged</p><p>Number of fields: 14</p><p>Number of data rows: 3887</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>s_id</b>: Code number for the lavaged gut sample (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>code</b>: Code number recorded on sample tube (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>frog_id</b>: Identity of the captured individual (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>stream</b>: Stream the individual was collected from (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>date</b>: Date individual was collected (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>time</b>: Time individual was collected (Field type: Time)</li><li><b>svl</b>: Snout-venter length (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>gw</b>: Gape width (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>tibia</b>: Length of the tibia (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>sex</b>: Sex of the individual (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>juvenile</b>: Adult or juvenile individual? (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>empty</b>: Result from stomach flushing (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>callo</b>: Frog was heard calling before being captured (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>remarks</b>: Field notes relevant to the individuals (Field type: Comments)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Stomach contents</b> (described in worksheet stomach_content)</p><p>Description: Identity of gut contents from lavaged gut samples</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 17396</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>sc_id</b>: Unique reference number for each individual (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>s_id</b>: Code number for the lavaged gut sample; corresponds to 's_id' on 'diet_samples' worksheet (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>frog_id</b>: Predator - frog species whose gut was lavaged (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>sample_code</b>: Codes related to sample processing (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>taxon</b>: Prey - taxa identified from frog gut samples (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>number</b>: Number of individuals of that taxon within the sample (Field type: Numeric Interaction)</li><li><b>description</b>: Field notes related to taxon ID (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>larva</b>: Adult or larva? (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>reproductive</b>: Reproductive life stage? (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>volume</b>: the measured/ estimated (or calculated in case of extremely individual rich samples, ants!) volume of this stomach content fraction (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2000-06-21 to 2014-06-25</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5465 to 4.9618</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>115.1379 to 117.8075</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Annelida<br> -  - Clitellata<br> -  -  - [Oligochaeta]<br> - Arthropoda<br> -  - Arachnida<br> -  -  - [Acari]<br> -  -  - Amblypygi<br> -  -  - Araneae<br> -  -  -  - Araneidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Gasteracantha</i><br> -  -  -  - Salticidae<br> -  -  -  - Theraphosidae<br> -  -  - Mesostigmata<br> -  -  -  - Varroidae<br> -  -  - Opiliones<br> -  -  - Pseudoscorpiones<br> -  -  - Scorpiones<br> -  -  - Uropygi<br> -  - Chilopoda<br> -  -  - Geophilomorpha<br> -  -  -  - Geophilidae<br> -  -  - Scutigeromorpha<br> -  -  -  - Scutigeridae<br> -  - Diplopoda<br> -  -  - Glomerida<br> -  -  - Julida<br> -  -  -  - Julidae<br> -  -  - Polydesmida<br> -  - Entognatha<br> -  -  - Collembola<br> -  -  -  - Sminthuridae<br> -  - Insecta<br> -  -  - Archaeognatha<br> -  -  - Blattodea<br> -  -  - Coleoptera<br> -  -  -  - Carabidae<br> -  -  -  -  - [Cicindelinae]<br> -  -  -  - Cerambycidae<br> -  -  -  - Curculionidae<br> -  -  -  - Elateridae<br> -  -  -  - Geotrupidae<br> -  -  -  - Haliplidae<br> -  -  -  - Lampyridae<br> -  -  -  - Lucanidae<br> -  -  -  - Lycidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Duliticola</i><br> -  -  -  - Psephenidae<br> -  -  -  - Scarabaeidae<br> -  -  -  - Scolytidae<br> -  -  -  - Staphylinidae<br> -  -  - Dermaptera<br> -  -  -  - Forficulidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Opisthocosmia</i><br> -  -  - Diptera<br> -  -  -  - Blephariceridae<br> -  -  -  - [Brachycera]<br> -  -  -  - Diopsidae<br> -  -  -  - Drosophilidae<br> -  -  -  -  - [Drosophilinae]<br> -  -  -  - [Nematocera]<br> -  -  - Embioptera<br> -  -  - Ephemeroptera<br> -  -  - Hemiptera<br> -  -  -  - [Cicadomorpha]<br> -  -  -  - Corixidae<br> -  -  -  - Gerridae<br> -  -  -  - [Heteroptera]<br> -  -  -  - [Homoptera]<br> -  -  -  - Membracidae<br> -  -  -  - Naucoridae<br> -  -  -  - Pyrrhocoridae<br> -  -  -  - Reduviidae<br> -  -  -  -  - [Emesinae]<br> -  -  -  - Tessaratomidae<br> -  -  -  - Veliidae<br> -  -  - Hymenoptera<br> -  -  -  - Apidae<br> -  -  -  -  - [Meliponini]<br> -  -  -  - [Apiformes]<br> -  -  -  - Bethylidae<br> -  -  -  - [Chalcidoidea]<br> -  -  -  - Formicidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Acanthomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Acanthomyrmex UTNP024]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Acanthomyrmex cf. ferox]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Acropyga</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Acropyga OK113]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Acropyga UTNP034]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aenictus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus HH003]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus MB014]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus MB024]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus MB063]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus OK163]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus OK173]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus OK228]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus OK311]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus UTNP008]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus UTNP038]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus UTNP047]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aenictus cf. inflatus]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Amblyopone</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Amblyopone CG031]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anochetus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus MB018]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus OK029]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus OK072]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus OK093]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus OK135]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus OK162]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus OK221]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus UTNP028]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus UTNP102]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus cf. agilis]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus cf. graeffei]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Anochetus cf. rugosus]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anoplolepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anoplolepis gracilipes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aphaenogaster</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aphaenogaster OK048]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Aphaenogaster cf. feae]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Bothriomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Bothriomyrmex CG036]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Calyptomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Calyptomyrmex OK117]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Calyptomyrmex OK355]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Camponotus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus CG010]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus CG030]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus MB003]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus MB015]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus MB017]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus MB034]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus MB036]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus MB066]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK007]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK008]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK009]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK054]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK067]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK076]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK078]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK082]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK127]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK165]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK198]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK309]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK319]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK335]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK339]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus OK349]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus P016]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus UTNP003]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus UTNP030]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus UTNP048]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus UTNP053]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus UTNP103]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus cf. saundersi]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus cf. singularis]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Camponotus cf. striatipes]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Camponotus festinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Camponotus gigas</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cardiocondyla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cardiocondyla CG009]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cardiocondyla CG018]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cardiocondyla MB059]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Carebara</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Carebara HH008]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Carebara OK147]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Carebara OK184]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Carebara OK350]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Carebara UTNP035]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cataulacus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cataulacus MB038]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Centromyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Centromyrmex CG022]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cerapachys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys CG020]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys CG023]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys CG029]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys OK118]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys OK177]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys OK236]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys OK313]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys OK326]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys UTNP017]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys UTNP029]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cerapachys cf. crawleyi]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladomyrma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cladomyrma OK059]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cladomyrma UTNP081]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Crematogaster</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster HH009]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster MB021]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster MB028]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster MB035]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster MB040]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster MB052]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster MB053]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster MB057]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK012]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK018]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK087]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK166]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK188]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK209]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK220]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK226]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK227]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK229]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK303]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK306]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK312]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK314]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK329]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK357]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster OK358]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster UTNP011]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster UTNP019]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster UTNP043]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster UTNP069]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster UTNP074]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster UTNP077]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster UTNP100]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Crematogaster UTNP106]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cryptopone</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Cryptopone HH010]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dacetinops</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dacetinops OK069]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Diacamma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Diacamma OK002]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diacamma intricatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dilobocondyla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dilobocondyla OK088]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Discothyrea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Discothyrea OK214]<br> -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderinae]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dolichoderus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus MB058]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus MB065]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus OK020]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus OK021]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus OK225]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus OK230]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus UTNP010]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus UTNP062]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus UTNP073]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus UTNP101]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus cf. beccarii]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus cf. coniger]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dolichoderus cf. indrapurensis]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dorylus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Dorylus cf. laevigatus]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Echinopla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Echinopla OK086]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Echinopla OK302]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Echinopla OK338]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Echinopla cf. tritschleri]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Euprenolepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Euprenolepis CG003]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Euprenolepis MB047]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Euprenolepis cf. procera]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Eurhopalothrix</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Eurhopalothrix MB067]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Eurhopalothrix OK129]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Eurhopalothrix OK138]<br> -  -  -  -  - [Formicinae]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Gnamptogenys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys MB012]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK035]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK039]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK040]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK050]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK099]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK105]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK130]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK145]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK150]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK190]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK320]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys OK346]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Gnamptogenys UTNP086]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Harpegnathos</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Harpegnathos venator</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoponera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera CG016]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera HH013]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera MB005]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera MB046]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera OK167]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera OK185]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera OK202]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera OK205]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera OK240]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera OK315]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera UTNP039]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hypoponera UTNP088]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Iridomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Iridomyrmex OK316]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Iridomyrmex cf. anceps]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lasiomyrma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Lasiomyrma OK068]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptogenys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys CG021]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys CG028]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys MB027]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys MB051]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys MB064]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys OK052]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys OK080]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys OK111]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys OK125]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys OK144]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys OK149]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys OK305]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys UTNP068]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Leptogenys UTNP098]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophomyrmex bedoti</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophomyrmex longicornis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lordomyrma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Lordomyrma OK100]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Lordomyrma OK187]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Lordomyrma OK191]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Lordomyrma OK341]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Lordomyrma UTNP002]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Lordomyrma UTNP040]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Loweriella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Loweriella boltoni</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mayriella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Mayriella CG027]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Meranoplus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Meranoplus OK073]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Meranoplus OK189]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Meranoplus UTNP107]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Metapone</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Monomorium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Monomorium CG007]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Monomorium OK340]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Monomorium UTNP059]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Monomorium UTNP096]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Monomorium pharaonis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myopias</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myopias OK155]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myopias OK160]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myopias OK325]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myopias OK345]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myopias cf. maligna]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myopopone</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myopopone UTNP066]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myopopone castanea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmecina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmecina MB029]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmecina OK179]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmecina OK196]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmecina OK354]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmecina UTNP037]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmecina UTNP057]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmicaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria HH001]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria OK003]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria OK022]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria OK033]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria OK042]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria OK095]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria OK098]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria OK132]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria OK344]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicaria UTNP063]<br> -  -  -  -  - [Myrmicinae]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmoteras</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmoteras MB054]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmoteras UTNP067]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmoteras UTNP090]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Myrmoteras UTNP091]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mystrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Mystrium cf. camillae]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nylanderia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Nylanderia CG006]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Nylanderia OK045]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Nylanderia OK158]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Nylanderia OK161]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Nylanderia P004]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Nylanderia UTNP065]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Nylanderia UTNP089]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochetellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Ochetellus CG011]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontomachus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontomachus philippinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontomachus rixosus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontomachus simillimus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontoponera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Odontoponera UTNP105]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontoponera denticulata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Odontoponera transversa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Oecophylla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Oecophylla UTNP026]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pachycondyla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla OK017]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla OK036]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla OK038]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla OK120]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla OK215]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla OK231]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla OK233]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla P005]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla UTNP041]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla UTNP076]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla UTNP092]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pachycondyla cf. insularis]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pachycondyla leeuwenhoeki</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pachycondyla tridentata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraparatrechina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Paraparatrechina MB031]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Paraparatrechina MB048]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Paraparatrechina OK176]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Paratopula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Paratopula HH002]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Paratopula OK159]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pheidole</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole CG004]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole CG005]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole CG015]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole CG017]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole HH005]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole HH006]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole MB004]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole MB010]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole MB020]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole MB030]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole MB039]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole MB044]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole MB049]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole MB069]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK055]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK056]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK102]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK109]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK131]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK153]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK199]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK200]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK201]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK207]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK208]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK212]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK219]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK242]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK321]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK327]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK331]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK336]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole OK353]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole P007]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole P008]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole UTNP014]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole UTNP020]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole UTNP060]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole UTNP078]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole UTNP079]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole UTNP097]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole cf. longipes]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole cf. modiglianii]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole cf. quadrensis]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidole cf. quadricuspis]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pheidologeton</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidologeton MB074]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidologeton OK124]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidologeton P011]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pheidologeton UTNP027]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pheidologeton pygmaeus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pheidologeton silenus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Philidris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Philidris OK032]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Philidris OK154]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Philidris P010]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Philidris P012]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Philidris UTNP025]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Philidris UTNP056]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Plagiolepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Plagiolepis OK108]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Platythyrea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Platythyrea OK057]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Platythyrea OK151]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Platythyrea OK318]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Platythyrea OK330]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Platythyrea cf. tricuspidata]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Platythyrea parallela</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyrhachis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis CG012]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis MB009]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis MB037]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK011]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK025]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK026]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK031]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK058]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK065]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK070]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK074]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK075]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK079]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK090]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK091]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK094]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK103]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK133]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK140]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK164]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK192]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK304]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK307]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK322]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK323]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis OK334]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis UTNP007]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis UTNP012]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis UTNP016]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis UTNP022]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis UTNP032]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis UTNP042]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis UTNP046]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis UTNP104]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyrhachis armata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyrhachis bellicosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyrhachis bihamata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis cf. furcata]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polyrhachis cf. lilianae]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyrhachis equina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyrhachis thrinax</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ponera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Ponera UTNP052]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Ponera UTNP071]<br> -  -  -  -  - [Ponerinae]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Prenolepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Prenolepis UTNP036]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Prionopelta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Prionopelta CG025]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pristomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pristomyrmex MB007]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pristomyrmex MB025]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pristomyrmex OK049]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pristomyrmex OK224]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pristomyrmex OK301]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pristomyrmex UTNP033]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Proatta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Proatta butteli</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Proceratium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Proceratium MB006]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Proceratium MB060]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Proceratium OK232]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Proceratium OK351]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudolasius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pseudolasius MB042]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pseudolasius OK178]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pseudolasius OK183]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pseudolasius UTNP023]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pseudolasius UTNP085]<br> -  -  -  -  - [Pseudomyrmicinae]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyramica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pyramica HH017]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pyramica MB026]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pyramica OK213]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pyramica OK217]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pyramica UTNP044]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pyramica UTNP075]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Pyramica cf. jacobsoni]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Recurvidris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Recurvidris cf. browni]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Recurvidris cf. kemneri]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhoptromyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Rhoptromyrmex UTNP099]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Solenopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Solenopsis CG019]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Solenopsis cf. geminata]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Solenopsis geminata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Strumigenys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys HH011]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys MB008]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys MB055]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys MB062]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys OK034]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys OK062]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys OK101]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys OK186]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys OK222]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys OK223]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys OK317]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys OK356]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys UTNP050]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Strumigenys UTNP095]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tapinoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tapinoma CG033]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tapinoma MB072]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tapinoma cf. melanocephalum]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Technomyrmex</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex CG008]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex MB032]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex MB033]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex OK064]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex OK195]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex OK337]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex OK347]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex UTNP005]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex UTNP013]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Technomyrmex UTNP084]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tetramorium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium CG001]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium CG013]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium CG032]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium HH004]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium HH007]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium MB043]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium MB045]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium MB068]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium MB073]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK051]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK060]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK169]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK171]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK206]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK211]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK308]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK324]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK343]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium OK352]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium P015]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium UTNP004]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium UTNP006]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium UTNP021]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium UTNP055]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium UTNP061]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetramorium UTNP094]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tetraponera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetraponera OK053]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetraponera OK170]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Tetraponera OK300]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tranopelta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tranopelta amblyops</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Vollenhovia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia MB001]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia MB013]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia MB016]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia OK122]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia OK142]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia OK146]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia OK239]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia UTNP049]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia UTNP072]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia UTNP080]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia UTNP082]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia UTNP083]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vollenhovia cf. longiceps]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Vombisidris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vombisidris HH012]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Vombisidris OK333]<br> -  -  -  - Ichneumonidae<br> -  -  -  - Mutillidae<br> -  -  -  - Mymaridae<br> -  -  -  - Pompilidae<br> -  -  -  - [Spheciformes]<br> -  -  -  - [Symphyta]<br> -  -  -  - Tiphiidae<br> -  -  -  - Vespidae<br> -  -  - Isoptera<br> -  -  - Lepidoptera<br> -  -  - Mantodea<br> -  -  -  - Mantidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Amantis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrcinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Statilia</i><br> -  -  - Megaloptera<br> -  -  -  - Sialidae<br> -  -  - Neuroptera<br> -  -  - Odonata<br> -  -  -  - [Anisoptera]<br> -  -  -  - [Zygoptera]<br> -  -  - Orthoptera<br> -  -  -  - Acrididae<br> -  -  -  - [Caelifera]<br> -  -  -  - [Ensifera]<br> -  -  -  - Gryllidae<br> -  -  -  - Gryllotalpidae<br> -  -  -  - Rhaphidophoridae<br> -  -  -  - Tetrigidae<br> -  -  -  - Tettigoniidae<br> -  -  -  -  - [Conocephalinae]<br> -  -  -  -  - [Saginae]<br> -  -  - Phasmida<br> -  -  -  - Diapheromeridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Parastheneboea</i><br> -  -  -  - Heteropterygidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aretaon</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dares</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Haaniella</i><br> -  -  -  -  - [Heteropteryginae]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hoploclonia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Planispectrum</i><br> -  -  -  - Phasmatidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lonchodes</i><br> -  -  - Plecoptera<br> -  -  - Thysanoptera<br> -  -  - Trichoptera<br> -  - Malacostraca<br> -  -  - Decapoda<br> -  -  -  - [Brachyura]<br> -  -  - Isopoda<br> -  -  - [Psocoptera]<br> -  - [sp.0]<br> -  - [sp.83]<br> -  - [sp.84]<br> -  - [sp.86]<br> -  - [sp.87]<br> -  - [sp.88]<br> -  - [sp.89]<br> - Chordata<br> -  - Amphibia<br> -  -  - Anura<br> -  -  -  - Bufonidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ansonia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ansonia albomaculata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ansonia leptopus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ansonia longidigita</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ansonia spinulifer</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ingerophrynus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ingerophrynus divergens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Ingerophrynus sp]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pedostibes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pedostibes hosii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pelophryne</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pelophryne signata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Phrynoidis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phrynoidis aspera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phrynoidis juxtaspera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Phrynoidis sp]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinella marina</i><br> -  -  -  - Dicroglossidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Fejervarya</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fejervarya limnocharis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ingerana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ingerana baluensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Limnonectes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Limnonectes finchi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Limnonectes ibanorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Limnonectes ingeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Limnonectes kuhlii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Limnonectes leporinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Limnonectes palavanensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Limnonectes paramacrodon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Limnonectes sp]<br> -  -  -  - Megophryidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptobrachella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptobrachella mjobergi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptobrachella parva</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptobrachium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptobrachium abbotti</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptolalax</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptolalax dringi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptolalax gracilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Megophrys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Megophrys nasuta</i><br> -  -  -  - Microhylidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaperina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaperina fusca</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Kalophrynus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kalophrynus pleurostigma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Metaphrynella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metaphrynella sundana</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Microhyla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microhyla berdmorei</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microhyla borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microhyla perparva</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microhyla petrigena</i><br> -  -  -  - Ranidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Huia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Huia cavitympanum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hylarana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hylarana erythraea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hylarana glandulosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hylarana luctuosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hylarana megalonesa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hylarana nicobariensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hylarana picturata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hylarana signata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Hylarana sp]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Meristogenys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Meristogenys orphnocnemis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [sp.43]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [sp.44]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [sp.45]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Odorrana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Odorrana hosii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Staurois</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Staurois guttatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Staurois latopalmatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Staurois parvus</i><br> -  -  -  - Rhacophoridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nyctixalus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nyctixalus pictus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Philautus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Philautus hosii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Philautus tectus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Polypedates</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polypedates leucomystax</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polypedates macrotis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polypedates otilophus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [Polypedates sp]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus appendiculatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus belalongensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus dulitensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus gauni</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus harrissoni</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus kajau</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus nigropalmatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus pardalis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhacophorus rufipes</i><br> -  - Aves<br> -  - Mammalia<br> -  -  - Rodentia<br> -  - Reptilia<br> -  -  - Squamata<br> -  -  -  - Natricidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhabdophis</i><br> -  -  -  - Scincidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tropidophorus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [sp.79]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Datames</i><br> - Mollusca<br> -  - Gastropoda<br> - Nematoda<br> - Nematomorpha<br> - Platyhelminthes<br> -  - Rhabditophora<br> -  -  - [Seriata]<br> -  - [Turbellaria]<br></div><p></p>
Data from: Quantifying the factors affecting leaf litter decomposition across a tropical forest disturbance gradient
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