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Fig. 1 in The postcranial skeleton of the Early Triassic parareptile Sauropareion anoplus, with a discussion of possible life history
Fig. 1. Procolophonid Sauropareion anoplus Modesto, Sues, and Damiani, 2001, from Lower Triassic Katberg Formation, Vangfontein, Middelburg District, South Africa; NMQR 3544. Interpretive drawing of skeleton in dorsal view. Areas without outlines represent impression. Arabic numbers indicate presacral vertebrae.
Fig. 2 in The postcranial skeleton of the Early Triassic parareptile Sauropareion anoplus, with a discussion of possible life history
Fig. 2. Procolophonid Sauropareion anoplus Modesto, Sues, and Damiani, 2001, from Lower Triassic Katberg Formation, Vangfontein, Middelburg District, South Africa; NMQR 3544. Interpretive drawings of skull in palatal (A), right lateral (B), and left lateral (C) views. Areas without outlines represent impression.
FIGURE 6 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)
FIGURE 6 | Illustrated summary of the identification key for Amazonian Triportheus larvae. Letters explain characters mentioned in the identification key. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)
FIGURE 4 | Early development of Triportheus angulatus: (A) preflexion early (4.53 mm SL); (B) preflexion late (5.00 mm SL); (C) flexion early (7.50 mm SL), (D) flexion late (9.61 mm SL), (E) postflexion early (11.59 mm SL), (F) postflexion late (13.73 mm SL), and (G) juvenile (21.69 mm SL). Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)
FIGURE 3 | Body ratios (mm) between head length and snout length (A), eye diameter (B), and head depth (C), and standard length and body depth (D), head length (E), distance from snout to anal fin (F), distance from snout to dorsal fin (G), distance from snout to pectoral fin (H) and distance from snout to pelvic fin (I) during the early development of Triportheus albus.
FIGURE 1 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)
FIGURE 1 | Map of the Eastern Amazon, showing the capture sites of the Triportheus used in the study. MSDR: Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve.
FIGURE 2 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)
FIGURE 2 | Early development of Triportheus albus: (A) preflexion early (3.91 mm SL); (B) preflexion late (6.13 mm SL); (C) flexion early (7.01 mm SL), (D) flexion late (8.52 mm SL), (E) postflexion early (11.17 mm SL), (F) postlexion late (17.17 mm SL), and (G) juvenile (27.58 mm SL). Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Early life history of two Neotropical Triportheidae fish (Characiformes)
FIGURE 5 | Body ratios (mm) between snout length (A), head length and eye diameter (B), head depth (C), and standard length ratio (mm) between body depth (D), head length (E), distance from snout to anal fin (F), distance from snout to dorsal fin (G), distance from snout to pectoral fin (H) and distance from snout to pelvic fin (I) during the early development of Triportheus angulatus.
Early life adversity has sex-dependent effects on survival across the lifespan in rhesus macaques
<p>Data for: Early life adversity has sex-dependent effects on survival across the lifespan in rhesus macaques</p> <p>Patterson, S.K., Andonov, E., Arre, A.M., Martinez, M.I., Negron-Del Valle, J.E., Petersen, R.M, Phillips, D., Rahman, A., Ruiz-Lambides, A., Villanueva, I., Lea, A.J., Snyder-Mackler, N., Brent, L.J., Higham, J.P. "Early life adversity has sex-dependent effects on survival across the lifespan in rhesus macaques." 2024. <em>Philosophical Transactions B. </em></p> <p> </p>
Figure 8 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 8. Individual recognition of a male Atelopus flavescens based on color pattern, but note the change in color (photographs taken 12 July 2009 and 31 July 2011, respectively). Photographs by D. Karbe.
Figure 7 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 7. Color patterns of Atelopus flavescens at the amphibian breeding unit at the Cologne Zoo: Four females (above) and males (below) in ventral and dorsal views. Photographs by D. Karbe.
Figure 6 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 6. Total length (mm) of larger tadpole of Atelopus flavescens from first clutch in relation to age in days; water temperature 22-24 °C.
Figure 4 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 4. Hatched larvae of Atelopus flavescens (from first egg deposition): (A) - (B) hatchlings at Gosner stage 20 (13 December 2010), (C) lateral view of tadpole at stages 24-25 (27 December 2010, 22 days after egg deposition), (D) ventral view of tadpole at stage 25 (3 January 2011, 29 days after egg deposition). Photographs by D. Karbe.
Figure 3 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 3. First clutch of Atelopus flavescens at the amphibian breeding unit at the Cologne Zoo: (A) freshly deposited spawn under water surface on stones or filamentous algae (5 to 6 December 2010), (B) cream-colored eggs one day after deposition (6 December 2010), (C) developing embryos at Gosner stage <18 (9 December 2010), (D) embryos at stage 19 (10 December 2010). Photographs by D. Karbe.
Figure 2 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 2. Atelopus flavescens at the amphibian breeding unit at the Cologne Zoo: (A) adult male, (B) calling male, and (C) couple in amplexus. Photograph (A) (B) by T. Ziegler and (C) by D. Karbe.
Figure 1 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 1. Atelopus flavescens terraria in the amphibian breeding unit at the Cologne Zoo from different perspectives (A) - (D); both terraria have artificial streams in the foreground. Photographs by D. Karbe.
Figure 5 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 5. Tadpoles of Atelopus flavescens: (A) ventral view of larva at Gosner stage 28 (22 February 2011, 79 days after egg deposition; from first clutch; larger larva), (B) lateral view of tadpole at stages 34-36 (22 April 2011, 96 days after egg deposition; from second clutch), (C) ventral view of tadpole at stage 41 (26 April 2011, 100 days after egg deposition; from second clutch), (D) tadpole at stage 42 (15 April 2011, 131 days after egg deposition; smaller larva). Photographs by D. Karbe.
Early-life food stress hits females harder than males in insects: a meta-analysis of sex differences in environmental sensitivity
<p><span>Fitness consequences of early-life environmental conditions are often sex-specific, but corresponding evidence for invertebrates remains inconclusive. Here we use meta-analysis to evaluate sex-specific sensitivity to early-life nutritional conditions in insects. Using literature-derived data for 85 species with broad phylogenetic and ecological coverage, we show that </span><span>females are generally more sensitive to food stress than males. Stressful nutritional conditions during development typically lead to female-biased mortality and thus increasingly male-biased sex ratios of emerging adults. We further demonstrate that the general trend of higher sensitivity to food stress in females can primarily be attributed to their typically larger body size in insects and hence higher energy needs during development. By contrast, there is no consistent evidence of sex-biased sensitivity in sexually size-monomorphic species. Drawing conclusions regarding sex-biased sensitivity in species with male-biased size dimorphism remains to wait for the accumulation of relevant data. Our results suggest that environmental conditions leading to elevated juvenile mortality may potentially affect the performance of insect populations further by reducing the proportion of females among individuals reaching reproductive age. Accounting for sex-biased mortality is therefore essential to understanding the dynamics and demography of insect populations, not least importantly in the context of ongoing insect declines.</span></p>
Data for: Early life conditions influence fledging success and subsequent local recruitment rates in a declining migratory songbird, the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra
<ol> <li>Life history traits and environmental conditions influence reproductive success in animals, and consequences of these can influence subsequent survival and recruitment into breeding populations. Understanding influences on demographic rates is required to determine the causes of decline. Migratory species experience spatially and temporally variable conditions across their annual cycle, making identifying where the factors influencing demographic rates operate challenging.</li> <li>Here, we use the Whinchat <em>Saxicola</em> <em>rubetra</em> as a model declining long-distance migrant bird. We analyse 10 years of data from 247 nesting attempts and 2519 post-fledging observations of 1193 uniquely marked nestlings to examine the influence of life history traits, habitat characteristics and weather on survival of young from the nestling stage to local recruitment into the natal population.</li> <li>We detected potential silver spoon effects where conditions during the breeding stage influence subsequent apparent local recruitment rates, with higher recruitment for fledglings from larger broods, and recruitment rate negatively related to rainfall that chicks experienced in-nest. Additionally, extreme temperatures experienced pre- and post-fledging increased fledging success and recruitment rate. However, we could not determine whether this was driven by temperature influencing mortality during the post-fledging period or later in the annual cycle.</li> <li>Brood size declined with hatching date. In-nest survival increased with brood size and was highest at local temperature extremes. Furthermore, nest survival was highest at nests surrounded with 40–60% vegetation cover of Bracken <em>Pteridium</em> <em>aquilinum</em> within 50m of the nest.</li> <li>Our results show that breeding phenology and environmental factors may influence fledging success and recruitment in songbird populations, with conditions experienced during the nestling stage influencing local recruitment rates in Whinchats (i.e. silver spoon effect). Recruitment rates are key drivers of songbird population dynamics. Our results help identify some of the likely breeding season mechanisms that could be important population drivers.</li> </ol>
Data from: Early life access to hay does not affect later life oral behavior in feed restricted heifers
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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