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133 results for “ecological differences”
Persistence explains differences in innovation in Darwin’s finches with a different foraging ecology
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Niche overlap in rodents increases with competition but not ecological opportunity: A role of inter-individual difference
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Data from: A framework for linking competitor ecological differences to coexistence
1. Not all ecological differences among competing species affect their ability to locally coexist. Rather, the differences that promote stable coexistence can be those which cause each species to experience stronger intraspecific than interspecific competition. Recent approaches have established how to detect the demographic signature of these competitive effects, but alone they cannot elucidate the ecological differences among species that yield these patterns. 2. Here, we present a unifying experimental and observational framework that identifies potential ecological differences among species shaping their responses to intra- and interspecific competition. We first describe a conceptual model establishing why the strength of intra- and interspecific competitive interactions should vary along environmental gradients related to species ecological differences. We then show how to apply the framework using Enallagma damselflies, a diverse group of predatory aquatic insects. 3. To determine how species responded to intra- and interspecific competition along environmental gradients, we experimentally manipulated the relative abundances of three species and replicated this across five lakes which varied in environmental conditions affecting larval damselfly per capita growth and mortality rates – key vital rates regulating their populations. 4. Results suggest Enallagma are ecologically differentiated in ways that in some communities can result in intraspecific competition exceeding interspecific competition. However, in many cases the opposite was true, or the effects of intra- and interspecific competition were equivalent via growth and mortality responses. Moreover, these effects tended to be weak and asymmetrical among competitors, which suggests that differential responses of larval growth and mortality to intra- and interspecific competition may not contribute strongly to the maintenance of Enallagma diversity. Different environmental factors appear to shape these demographic responses to competition, providing insight into the ecological mechanisms regulating damselfly assemblages. 5. This framework can be broadly applied to identify the ecological differences among species that may promote coexistence, advancing knowledge of the mechanisms underlying coexistence, and overcoming some limitations of purely phenomenological approaches.
Ecologically mediated differences in electric organ discharge drive evolution in a sodium channel gene in South American electric fishes
<p>Active electroreception — the ability to detect objects and communicate with conspecifics via the detection and generation of electric organ discharges (EODs) — has evolved convergently in several fish lineages. South American electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) are a highly species-rich group, possibly in part due to evolution of an electric organ (EO) that produces diverse EODs. Neofunctionalization of a voltage-gated sodium channel accompanied the evolution of electrogenic tissue from muscle and resulted in a novel gene (scn4aa) uniquely expressed in the EO. Here, we investigate the link between variation in scn4aa and differences in EOD waveform. We combine gymnotiform scn4aa sequences encoding the C-terminus of the Nav1.4a protein with biogeographic data and EOD recordings. We test whether physiological transitions among EOD types accompany differential selection pressures on scn4aa. We found positive selection on scn4aa coincided with shifts in EOD types. Species that evolved in the absence of predators, which likely selected for reduced EOD complexity, exhibited increased scn4aa evolutionary rates. We model mutations in the protein that may underlie changes in protein function and discuss our findings in the context of gymnotiform signalling ecology. Together, this work sheds light on the selective forces underpinning major evolutionary transitions in electric signal production.</p>
Data from: Ecological genetics of Juglans nigra: differences in early growth patterns of natural populations
<p>Many boreal and temperate forest tree species distributed across large geographic ranges are composed of populations adapted to the climate they inhabit. Forestry provenance studies and common gardens provide evidence of local adaptation to climate when associations between fitness traits and the populations' home climates are observed. Most studies that evaluate tree height as a fitness trait do so at a specific point in time. In this study, we elucidate differences in early growth patterns in black walnut (<em>Juglans nigra L.</em>) populations by modeling height growth from seed up to age 11. The data comprise tree height measurements between ages 2 to 11 for 52 natural populations of black walnut collected through its geographic range and planted in one or more of 3 common gardens. We use the Chapman-Richards growth model in a mixed-effects framework and test whether populations differ in growth patterns by incorporating populations' home climate into the model. In addition, we evaluate differences in populations' absolute growth and relative growth based on the fitted model. Models indicated that populations from warmer climates had the highest cumulative growth through time, with differences in average tree height between populations from home climates with a mean annual temperature (MAT) of 13 °C and of 7 °C estimated to be as high as 80% at age 3. Populations from warmer climates were also estimated to have higher and earlier maximum absolute growth rate than populations from colder climates. In addition, populations from warm climates were predicted to have higher relative growth rates at any given tree size. Results indicate that natural selection may shape early growth patterns of populations within a tree species, suggesting that fast early growth rates are likely selected for in relatively mild environments where competition rather than tolerance to environmental stressors becomes the dominant selection pressure.</p>
Ecological, genetic and geographical divergence explain differences in sunbird (Nectariniidae) colouration
<p>Bird plumages are among the most elaborate ornaments, displaying almost all colours of the rainbow. Why and how birds are so colourful remains an open question with multiple and sometimes competing hypotheses. Different colours in different patches might have different functions and thus result from different forms of selection (e.g., natural vs. sexual selection). Here we test three hypotheses that might explain colour differences: (1) species isolation, (2) light environment, and (3) Brownian motion. We show that both natural and sexual selection affect the evolution of sunbird colouration, but that their extent and direction differs between sexes, by species interactions, and for different patches across the body. Even though overlap in the light environment explains part of colour differences in species, no colour metric (brightness and chroma) correlates to the light environment. It is likely that these results, where multiple forms of selection influence colouration in different ways, are more general across birds, highlighting the need to investigate bird colouration as a network of individual but inter-connected colour patches.</p>
Figure 6 in Ecological and faunistic features of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in different types of habitats in the Dinaric karst area (Central Croatia)
Figure 6. Dobra - spring (D1). A) before channelization (2010), B) after channelization (2020).
Figure 1 in Ecological and faunistic features of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in different types of habitats in the Dinaric karst area (Central Croatia)
Figure 1. Map of the study area with sampling sites which correspond to the list in Tab. 1.
The ecological memory of fish assemblages in agroecosystems with different history of landscape changes
<p>Here, we presented the data (local, past and response) and R code (models_Zeni et al.) we used to investigate the relationship between past land use changes and instream habitat (explanatory variables) and fish biodiversity patterns (response variables) in streams from different regions in Brazil. </p>
Experimental light at night of different spectra alters movement patterns of bats along ecological corridors
<p>Data used for the study. </p> <p>Meaning of codes for "spectra" and "lamppost_side" variables:</p> <p>- C = control</p> <p>- G = green</p> <p>- R = red</p> <p>- W = white</p> <p>- L = left</p> <p>- R = right</p>
Data from: A framework for linking competitor ecological differences to coexistence
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Data from: Are caiman nests microhabitats? Assessing their ecological role across different levels of anthropogenic disturbance
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Data from: Ecological genetics of Juglans nigra: differences in early growth patterns of natural populations
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Ecologically mediated differences in electric organ discharge drive evolution in a sodium channel gene in South American electric fishes
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Data from: Sex- and age-related differences in post-breeding molt phenology are phylogenetically and ecologically widespread in passerines
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Data from: Giant mice on small islands: Biogeographic and ecological differences contribute to gigantism in island populations
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Ecological, genetic and geographical divergence explain differences in sunbird (Nectariniidae) colouration
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What explains vast differences in jumping power within a clade? diversity, ecology, and evolution of anuran jumping power
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Individual differences determine the strength of ecological interactions
<p>Biotic interactions are central to both ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In the vast majority of empirical studies, the strength of intraspecific interactions is estimated by using simple mea- sures of population size. Biologists have long known that these are crude metrics, with experiments and theory suggesting that interactions between individuals should depend on traits, such as body size. Despite this, it has been difficult to estimate the impact of traits on competitive ability from ecological field data, and this explains why the strength of biotic interactions has empirically been treated in a simplistic manner. Using long-term observational data from four different populations, we show that large Trinidadian guppies impose a significantly larger competitive pressure on conspecifics than individuals that are smaller; in other words, competition is asymmetric. When we incorporate this asymmetry into integral projection models, the predicted size structure is much closer to what we see in the field compared with models where competition is independent of body size. This difference in size structure translates into a twofold difference in reproductive output. This demonstrates how the nature of ecological interactions drives the size structure, which, in turn, will have important implications for both the ecological and evolutionary dynamics.</p>
Data from: Gender diversity of editorial boards and gender differences in the peer review process at six journals of ecology and evolution.
<p>Despite substantial progress for women in science, women remain underrepresented in many aspects of the scholarly publication process. We examined how the gender diversity of editors and reviewers changed over time for six journals in ecology and evolution (2003-2015 for four journals, 2007-2015 or 2009-2015 for the other two), and how several aspects of the peer review process differed between female and male editors and reviewers. We found that, for five of the six journals, women were either absent or very poorly represented as handling editors at the beginning of our dataset. The representation of women among handling editors increased gradually and consistently, with women making up 29% of the handling editors (averaged across journals) in 2015, similar to the representation of women as last authors on ecology papers (23% in 2015) but lower than the proportion of women among all authors (31%) and among members of the societies that own the journals (37-40%). The proportion of women among reviewers has also gradually but consistently increased over time, reaching 27% by 2015. Female editors invited more female reviewers than did male editors, and this difference increased with age of the editor. Men and women who were invited to review did not differ in whether they responded to the review invitation, but, of those that responded, women were slightly more likely to agree to review. In contrast, women were less likely than men to accept invitations to serve on journal editorial boards. Our analyses indicate that there has been progress in the representation of women as reviewers and editors in ecology and evolutionary biology, but women are still underrepresented among the gatekeepers of scholarly publishing relative to their representation among researchers.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.