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69 results for “ecological management”
Data from: forest stand dynamics of a short-stature tree species: ecological knowledge for sustainable forest management
<p>This data set is a forest inventory of <em>Nothofagus antarctica</em> in southern Chile. More than 20 sites were selected. In each site, parallel transects were set and every 30 m a sampling point was set where the distance to the nearest four trees (in accordance with the cardinal points) were measured.</p>
Data from: Occurrence, ecology and management of Fascioloides magna in Bavaria, Southern Germany
<p>In 2015, red deer infected with American liver fluke were discovered in the Veldenstein Forest area for the first time. This was the first detection of the fluke in a wild deer population in Bavaria. </p> <p>The aim of the study was to determine the American liver fluke prevalence rates in red deer, roe deer and wild boar in the Veldenstein Forest, as well as factors influencing these rates.</p> <p>Since 2018, the livers of 83% of the red deer culled in the study area have been examined, as well as those of the occasional roe deer and wild boar. The livers are classified by adspection and dissection into four levels of infection. The age of the animals was estimated on the basis of dentition and tooth cementum annuli in the first molar (M1). The livers of 520 red deer, 226 roe deer and 75 wild boar were dissected. All wild boar livers tested negative. 3% of roe deer and 36% of red deer livers were positive. To lower the prevalence, the red deer population was reduced, beginning in 2018. In the following years, it fell significantly. Medium and high levels of infection were initially detected in 61% of adult red deer. Since 2018, the median number of flukes per infected liver has decreased significantly from 17.51 flukes/liver to 10.0 flukes/liver. On driven hunts, significantly more diseased deer were found than during hunting from raised hides.</p> <p>Furthermore, there are close correlations between infectations and the age of the red deer, and infections and the distance from the Pegnitz floodplains. The American liver fluke leads to the extinction of roe deer locally and to a massive infectation and decimation of the red deer population. Without a drastic reduction of the numbers in infected red deer populations, there is a risk of large-scale infection of native deer species across large areas in Bavaria.</p>
Dataset accompanying Riesch et al. 2019. Grazing by wild red deer: management options for the conservation of semi-natural open habitats. Journal of Applied Ecology
<p>This repository contains vegetation biomass and forage quality data used by Riesch et al. in an article accepted in Journal of Applied Ecology.</p> <p>Metadata are provided in the first excel worksheet ('explanation_overview'). For further details please see the original article.</p>
The concurrent assessment of agronomic, ecological, and environmental variables enables better choice of agroecological service crop termination management
<p>1. Although organic farming was originally promoted as an alternative farming system to address agronomic, environmental, and ecological issues, its conventionalisation has led to an intensification and specialisation of production. In light of this, several studies have questioned the environmental benefits of organic farming as well as its agronomic viability. Thus, there is a need to improve organic vegetable systems to reduce their environmental impact without affecting their productivity. To tackle this challenge, European farmers and researchers have recently started to focus on agroecological service crops (ASCs). However, few studies have simultaneously evaluated the agronomic, environmental, and ecological aspects of ASC management under different European pedo-climatic conditions.</p> <p>2. We evaluated effects of the ASC management strategies: no-till roller crimping (NT-RC) and green manuring (T-GM) on cropping system performance using agronomic, environmental, and ecological indicators, to exemplify the need for multidimensional analysis to understand management implications for addressing environmental and agronomic challenges. We combined the results from eleven organic vegetable field trials conducted in seven European countries over a period of two years to test for general trends.</p> <p>3. Our results provide solid evidence that NT-RC management across different pedo-climatic conditions in Europe enhances the activity density of ground and rove beetles, and improves both the potential energy recycling within the system and weed control. However, in NT-RC plots lower cash crop yield and quality, energetic efficiency of production, and activity density of spiders was observed compared to T-GM.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Multidimensional analyses using agronomic, environmental, and ecological indicators are required to understand the implications of agricultural management in agroecosystem functioning. Introducing agroecological service crops combined with the use of no-till roller crimping is a promising strategy for improving agronomic performance (e.g., fewer weeds) and reducing environmental (e.g., increasing the potentially recyclable energy), and ecological (e.g., enhancing the activity density of beneficial taxa such as ground and rove beetles) impacts. However, our study also indicates a need for agronomic and environmental improvements while promoting a wider acceptance of this strategy.29-Nov-2021 --</p>
Low- and high-intensity fire in the riparian savanna: demographic impacts in an avian model species and implications for ecological fire management
<ol> <li><span>Climate change is driving changes in fire frequency and intensity, making it more urgent for conservation managers to understand how species and ecosystems respond. In tropical monsoonal savannas – Earth's most fire-prone landscapes – ecological fire management aims to prevent intense wildfires late in the dry season through prescribed low-intensity burns early in the dry season. Riparian habitats embedded within tropical savannas represent critical refuges for biodiversity, yet are particularly fire-sensitive. Better understanding of the impact of fire – including prescribed burns – on riparian habitats is therefore key but requires long-term detailed post-fire monitoring of species' demographic rates, as effects may persist and/or be delayed.</span></li> <li><span>We analyse impacts of (prescribed) low-intensity and (prescribed but escaped) high-intensity fire in northern Australian riparian and adjacent savanna habitat. We quantify multi-year impacts on density, survival, reproduction and dispersal of an Endangered riparian bird, the western purple-crowned fairy-wren (<em>Malurus coronatus coronatus</em>), in a well-studied individually-marked population.</span></li> <li><span>Following low-intensity fire, bird density was reduced by >20% in burnt compared to adjacent unburnt riparian habitat for ≥2.5 years. This was a result of reduced breeding success and recruitment for two years immediately following fire, rather than mortality or dispersal of adults.</span></li> <li><span>In contrast, high-intensity fire (in a dry year) resulted in a sharp decline in population density by 50% 2–8 months after fire, with no signs of recovery after 2.5 years. The decline in density was due to post-fire adult mortality, rather than dispersal. Breeding success of the (few) remaining individuals was low but not detectably lower than in unburnt areas, likely because breeding success was poor overall due to prevailing dry conditions.</span></li> <li> <span><em>Synthesis and applications</em>. </span><span>Even if there is no or very low mortality during fire, and no movement of birds away from burnt areas, both low- and high-intensity fire in the riparian zone reduce population density. However, the mechanism by which this occurs, and recovery time, differs with fire intensity. To minimise impacts of fire on riparian zones in tropical savannas, we suggest employing low-intensity prescribed burns under optimal conditions shortly after the breeding season.</span> </li> </ol>
Low- and high-intensity fire in the riparian savanna: demographic impacts in an avian model species and implications for ecological fire management
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Data from: Occurrence, ecology and management of Fascioloides magna in Bavaria, Southern Germany
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The concurrent assessment of agronomic, ecological, and environmental variables enables better choice of agroecological service crop termination management
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Data from: forest stand dynamics of a short-stature tree species: ecological knowledge for sustainable forest management
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Data from: The role of wild bees and cavity-nesting wasps as ecological indicators of the last traditionally managed meadows in Eastern Europe
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Integration of genomic and ecologic methods inform management of an undescribed, yet highly exploited, sardine species
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Study of the overwintering ecology of the hazelnut pest, Palomena prasina (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a perspective of Integrated Pest Management
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[Model outputs] Identifying major hydrologic change drivers in a highly managed transboundary endorheic basin: integrating hydro‐ecological models and time‐series data mining techniques
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Data from: Finding the best management policy to eradicate invasive species from spatial ecological networks with simultaneous actions
1. Spatial management of invasive species is more likely to be successful when multiple locations are treated simultaneously. However, selecting the best locations to act is difficult due to the many options available at any time. 2. We design a near-optimal policy for applying multiple actions simultaneously for faster invasive species control within a network. Our method uses a recent optimisation tool, the Graph-based Markov decision process (GMDP). Since the policy can be difficult to interpret, we extracted a simpler policy using classification trees. We applied our approach to the eradication of invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from the habitat of the red-finned blue-eye (Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis), a critically endangered fish with a global population that is restricted to seven artesian springs in Queensland, Australia. 3. The policy returned by the GMDP was to manage springs occupied by mosquitofish and their connected neighbours, unless the neighbours were occupied by red-finned blue-eyes. 4. Simultaneous management resulted in rapid declines in simulated mosquitofish occupancy even if eradication effectiveness was low; however the cost of simultaneous eradication was high and sustained eradication effort was necessary to maintain low mosquitofish occupancy. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our paper finds a near-optimal, multi-action control policy to remove an invasive species from a multi-species spatial network. We introduce the Graph-based Markov decision process (GMDP) and apply it to a real case study – eradication of invasive mosquitofish from the habitat of the red-finned blue-eye. We find that the GMDP can generate policies for networks with extremely large state spaces, however it works best when nodes have fewer than five neighbours. We conclude that simultaneous eradications are effective for rapid control of invasive species; however, managers should consider the cost and time required for an effective eradication program.
Data from: Ecological disturbance influences adaptive divergence despite high gene flow in golden perch (Macquaria ambigua): implications for management and resilience to climate change
Populations that are adaptively divergent but maintain high gene flow may have greater resilience to environmental change as gene flow allows the spread of alleles that have already been tested elsewhere. In addition, populations naturally subjected to ecological disturbance may already hold resilience to future environmental change. Confirming this necessitates ecological genomic studies of high dispersal, generalist species. Here we perform one such study on golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), Australia using a genome-wide SNP dataset. The MDB spans across arid to wet and temperate to sub-tropical environments, with low to high ecological disturbance in the form of low to high hydrological variability. We found high gene flow across the basin and three populations with low neutral differentiation. Genotype-environment association analyses detected adaptive divergence predominantly linked to an arid region with highly variable riverine flow, and candidate loci included functions related to fat storage, stress and molecular or tissue repair. The high connectivity of golden perch in the MDB will likely allow locally adaptive traits in its most arid and hydrologically variable environment to spread and be selected in localities that are predicted to become arid and hydrologically variable in future climates. High connectivity in golden perch is likely due to their generalist life history and efforts of fisheries management. Our study adds to growing evidence of adaptation in the face of gene flow, and highlights the importance of considering ecological disturbance and adaptive divergence in biodiversity management.
Data from: Ecologically relevant dispersal of corals on isolated reefs: implications for managing resilience
Coral reefs are in decline worldwide, and marine reserve networks have been advocated as a powerful management tool for maximizing the resilience of coral communities to an increasing variety, number, and severity of disturbances. However, the effective design of reserves must account for the spatial scales of larval dispersal that affect the demography of communities over ecological time frames. Ecologically relevant distances of dispersal were inferred from DNA microsatellite data in a broadcast-spawning (Acropora tenuis) and a brooding (Seriatopora hystrix) coral at isolated reef systems off northwest Australia. Congruent with expectations based on life histories, levels of genetic subdivision among populations were markedly higher in the brooder than in the broadcast spawner. Additionally, significant subdivision for both species between systems (>100 km), and between (>10 km) or within reefs (<10 km) within systems, indicated that many reefs or reef patches are demographically independent. There was also a clear distinction in the scale of genetic structure between the different systems; at the more geographically complex of the systems, a much finer scale structure was detected in both species. This suggested that the hydrodynamics associated with these complex reefs restrict distances regularly traveled by larvae. The primary implication is that short-term recovery of these coral communities after severe disturbance requires the input of larvae from viable communities kilometers to a few tens of kilometers away. Therefore, to be self-sustaining, we suggest that coral reef protected areas need to be large enough to encompass these routine dispersal distances. Further, to facilitate recovery from severe disturbances, protected areas need to be replicated over these spatial scales. However, specific designs also need to account for size, complexity, and isolation of reefs, which will either restrict or enhance dispersal within this range.
Constructing a social-behavioral association network to study management impact on waterbird community ecology using digital video recording cameras
<p>Studying social behavior and species associations in ecological communities is challenging because it is difficult to observe the interactions in the field. Animal behavior is especially difficult to observe when selection of habitat and activities are linked to energy costs of long-distance movement. Migrating communities tend to be resource specific and prefer environments that offer more suitability for coexisting in a shared space and time. Given the recent advances in digital technologies, digital video recording systems are gaining popularity in wildlife research and management. We used digital video recording cameras to study social interactions and species-habitat linkages for wintering waterbird communities in shared habitats. Examining over 8,640 hours of video footages, we built tetrapartite social behavioral association network of wintering waterbirds over habitat (n=5) selection events in sites with distinct management regimes. We analyzed these networks to identify hub species and species role in activity persistence, and to explore the effects of hydrological regime on these network characteristics. Although the differences in network attributes were not significant at treatment level (<i>p</i> = 0.297) in terms of network composition and keystone species composition, our results indicated that network attributes were significantly different (<i>p </i>= 0.000, <i>r<sup>2</sup></i><sup> </sup>= 0.278) at habitat level. There were evidences suggesting that the habitat quality was better at the managed sites, where the formed networks had more species, more network nodes and edges, higher edge density, and stronger intra- and inter-species interactions. In addition, we also calculated the species interaction preference scores (SIPS) and behavioral interaction preference scores (BIPS) of each network. The results showed that species synchronize activities in shared space for temporal niche partitioning in order to avoid or minimize any potential competition for shared space. Our social network analysis (SNA) approach is likely to provide a practical use for ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation.</p>
Data from: Population genomics of Sitka black-tailed deer supports invasive species management and ecological restoration on islands
<p>Invasive mammals represent a critical threat to island biodiversity; eradications can result in ecological restoration yet may fail in the absence of key population parameters. Over-browsing by invasive Sitka black-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis</em>) is causing severe ecological and cultural impacts across the Haida Gwaii archipelago (Canada). Previous eradication attempts demonstrate forest regeneration upon deer removal, but reinvasion reverses conservation gains. Here we use restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (12,947 SNPs) to investigate connectivity and gene flow of invasive deer (n=181) across 15 islands, revealing little structure throughout Haida Gwaii and identifying the large, central island of Moresby (>2,600 km2) as the greatest source of migrants. As a result, the archipelago itself should be considered the primary eradication unit, with the exception of geographically isolated islands like SGang Gwaay. Thus, limiting eradications to isolated islands combined with controlled culling and enhanced biosecurity may be the most effective strategies for achieving ecological restoration goals.</p>
Data from: Human judgment vs. quantitative models for the management of ecological resources
Despite major advances in quantitative approaches to natural resource management, there has been resistance to using these tools in the actual practice of managing ecological populations. Given a managed system and a set of assumptions, translated into a model, optimization methods can be used to solve for the most cost-effective management actions. However, when the underlying assumptions are not met, such methods can potentially lead to decisions that harm the environment and economy. Managers who develop decisions based on past experience and judgment, without the aid of mathematical models, can potentially learn about the system and develop flexible management strategies. However, these strategies are often based on subjective criteria and equally invalid and often unstated assumptions. Given the drawbacks of both methods, it is unclear whether simple quantitative models improve environmental decision making over expert opinion. In this study, we explore how well students, using their experience and judgment, manage simulated fishery populations in an online computer game and compare their management outcomes to the performance of model-based decisions. We consider harvest decisions generated using four different quantitative models: (1) the model used to produce the simulated population dynamics observed in the game, with the values of all parameters known (as a control), (2) the same model, but with unknown parameter values that must be estimated during the game from observed data, (3) models that are structurally different from those used to simulate the population dynamics, and (4) a model that ignores age structure. Humans on average performed much worse than the models in cases 1–3, but in a small minority of scenarios, models produced worse outcomes than those resulting from students making decisions based on experience and judgment. When the models ignored age structure, they generated poorly performing management decisions, but still outperformed students using experience and judgment 66% of the time.
Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Ecological and Financial Assessment of Elk Feedground Closure in Teton County
<p>Teton County in Western Wyoming is home to large working landscapes, a national park, and the nation's largest elk herd, the Jackson herd. It is also one of the few places in the Western United States that still operates elk feedgrounds, where the artificial feeding of these large mammals has resulted in high density populations over small areas, leading to increased disease transmission and prevalence. A disease of primary concern is brucellosis (<em>Brucella abortus</em>) which can be transmitted from elk to cattle and result in financial burdens for ranchers through quarantine, depopulation, reduced milk production, or calf abortions. This project aimed to better understand the complex social and ecological dynamics of elk feedgrounds in order to assess the feasibility of implementing financial tools that would mitigate the effects of disease transmission and wildlife presence risks of a simulated feedground closure. Our goal is to help improve human-wildlife coexistence on Wyoming's private and public lands. To accomplish this, we completed a Public Comment Sentiment Analysis, a Jackson Herd Habitat Connectivity Model, a Brucellosis Transmission Risk Model, and an Analysis of Financial Repercussions of Feedground Closure. These methods resulted in the assessment of two financial tools, a brucellosis compensation fund and an elk rent program, which we recommend to be implemented in Teton County. This project will serve to better inform the Property and Environment Research Center on potential methods for improving human-wildlife interactions and coexistence in Teton County through the understanding of where elk move on private lands, transmission of disease from elk to cattle, and the impacts that the cessation of feeding could cause on subsequent stakeholders, specifically the financial implications for ranchers.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.