Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
193
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
193 results for “ectomycorrhizal”
Isotope analyses of amino acids in fungi and fungal feeding Diptera larvae allow differentiating ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi-based food chains
1- Both ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungi are fundamental to carbon and nutrient dynamics in forest ecosystems; however, the relative importance of these different fungal functional groups for higher trophic levels of the soil food web is virtually unknown. 2- To explore differences between fungal functional groups and their importance for higher trophic levels, we analysed isotopic composition of nitrogen and carbon in amino acids (AAs) and bulk tissue of leaf litter, fungi, and fungal-feeding Diptera larvae. 3- By accounting for isotopic variability of utilized substrates, compound-specific isotope analyses of nitrogen in AAs yielded more realistic results for the trophic position of fungi than bulk isotope analyses, with converging trophic positions of saprotrophic and ECM fungi. 4- Saprotrophic and ECM fungi possessed different AA δ<sup>13</sup>C signatures separating fungal functional groups and their consumers in fingerprinting approaches, thereby allowing to trace energy fluxes from these basal resources to higher trophic levels. 5- A pronounced isotopic fractionation even in essential/source AAs of fungal-feeding Diptera larvae necessitates further studies on tissue-/compound-specific isotopic differences in fungi and on potential supplementation by gut microorganisms. 6- The results highlight the potential of compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids to identify and integrate contributions of different fungal functional groups to higher trophic levels in soil food webs.
Beyond seedlings: ectomycorrhizal fungal networks and growth of mature Pseudotsuga menziesii
<p>1. Mycorrhizal networks are conduits for the transfer of resources between hosts. While ectomycorrhizal networks (EMN) are known to influence seedlings, their effect on adult tree growth remains unknown and may have important implications for forest responses to future climates.</p> <p>2. We used annual basal area increment of trees and previously described Rhizopogon vesiculosus and Rhizopogon vinicolor EMNs to examine an association between the number of connections between trees through an EMN and the growth of adult interior Douglas-fir. We compared this relationship for the year the networks were mapped, in 2008, with eight years previous and eight years afterward. We also compared the variation in standardized growth (2000–2016) to examine the association between growth variability and EMN variables.</p> <p>3. Greater growth was positively associated with 1) the number of connections to other trees via a Rhizopogon vinicolor EMN, and 2) the number of genets of Rhizopogon vesiculosis by which a tree was colonized. Variation of growth (2000–2016) was negatively associated with increasing number of connections to other trees via Rhizopogon vinicolor. Synthesis. These findings, for the first time, indicate that EMNs may positively influence the growth of adult trees. The difference in tree growth response between the sister fungal species highlights a novel avenue to identify interspecific and intraspecific differences between species occurring at different depths in the soil. Our study has important implications when considering the role of EMNs in influencing forest health and mitigating stress from environmental conditions.</p>
Data from: Do impacts of an invasive nitrogen-fixing shrub on Douglas-fir and its ectomycorrhizal mutualism change over time following invasion?
1. Impacts of invasive species may change in magnitude and even direction with invasion age. Impacts could increase as the population increases, individuals grow in size, and ecological changes accumulate. 2. We used a chronosequence approach to characterize the development of soil impacts over time following the invasion of Cytisus scoparius, a widespread nitrogen-fixing shrub thought to limit reforestation success. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated how abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi, Douglas-fir performance, and leaf nitrogen changed across a 3-31 year chronosequence of invasion. Each of the chronosequence sites were clearcuts where reforestation efforts were unsuccessful and where C. scoparius invaded. To estimate the contributions of the invasion separately from contributions of the accompanying disturbance, i.e. deforestation, we included soils from both invaded and uninvaded patches in each site of the chronosequence. In a complementary soil conditioning experiment, we examined the separate effects of host absence and invader presence on the mycorrhizal mutualism, leaf nitrogen, and seedling growth. 3. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was lower in invaded soil, but this effect did not intensify with time. Despite the suppression of the mutualism, Douglas-fir grew larger in invaded soils. This positive response is likely due to nitrogen fertilization, a conclusion supported by higher concentrations of leaf nitrogen of Douglas-fir grown in invaded soils. While leaf N concentration increased with invasion duration, Douglas-fir survival and growth did not. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that soil impacts of an invader can develop rapidly and can be surprisingly stable over time. In such systems, recently invaded areas may be as difficult to restore as long invaded areas, especially where ectomycorrhizal fungi are important drivers of reforestation success. More chronosequence studies or long time series are needed to evaluate whether this is a general pattern.
Data from: Environment and host as large-scale controls of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Explaining the large-scale diversity of soil organisms that drive biogeochemical processes—and their responses to environmental change—is critical. However, identifying consistent drivers of belowground diversity and abundance for some soil organisms at large spatial scales remains problematic. Here we investigate a major guild, the ectomycorrhizal fungi, across European forests at a spatial scale and resolution that is—to our knowledge—unprecedented, to explore key biotic and abiotic predictors of ectomycorrhizal diversity and to identify dominant responses and thresholds for change across complex environmental gradients. We show the effect of 38 host, environment, climate and geographical variables on ectomycorrhizal diversity, and define thresholds of community change for key variables. We quantify host specificity and reveal plasticity in functional traits involved in soil foraging across gradients. We conclude that environmental and host factors explain most of the variation in ectomycorrhizal diversity, that the environmental thresholds used as major ecosystem assessment tools need adjustment and that the importance of belowground specificity and plasticity has previously been underappreciated.
Ectomycorrhizal trees rely on nitrogen resorption less than arbuscular mycorrhizal trees globally
<p>Nitrogen (N) resorption is an important pathway of N conservation, contributing to a proportion of plant N requirement. However, whether the ratio of N resorption to N requirement would be affected by environmental factors, mycorrhizal types or atmospheric CO2 concentration remains unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on the impacts of environmental factors and mycorrhizal types on this ratio. We found this ratio in ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees decreased with mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT), soil total N content (TN) and atmospheric CO2 concentration and was significantly lower than that in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees. An <i>in situ</i> 15N tracing experiment further confirmed this stronger reliance on N resorption for AM trees than EM trees. Our study suggests that AM and EM trees potentially have different strategies for alleviation of progressive N limitation, highlighting the necessity of incorporating plant mycorrhizal types into Earth System Models. </p>
Mineral nitrogen nutrition of Fagus sylvatica L roots colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi in native forest soil
<p>The aim of this study was to examine the transcription-level response of a symbiotic system comformed by the host tree <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L (European beech) and the root-associated mycobiota to fluctuations in ammonium and nitrate availability in the soil. The experiment was conducted with young trees grown at a natural regeneration forest. We used <sup>15</sup>N stable isotopes in combination with DNA-based and RNA-based molecular methods and Illumina sequencing.</p> <p>We report data on the beech root-associated fungal community structure obtained by metabarcoding of the fungal ITS2 region, transcriptome data from the fungal community associated to the tree roots, and transcriptome data from <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L in response to ammonium or nitrate application to the soil. We also report data from soil ammonium-N, soil-nitrate-N, tree and soil dry mass, root 15N, root N, root C, root carbohydrates, root ammonium-N, root nitrate-N, soil pH, and climate data from the experiment.</p>
Impact of model assumptions on the inference of the evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in fungi
<p>Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) is a symbiotic relation between plant and fungi that is essential for nutrient uptake of many stand forming trees. There are two conflicting views about the evolution of ECM in fungi suggesting (1) relatively few transitions to ECM followed by reversals to non-ECM, or (2) many independent origins of ECM and no reversals. In this study, we compare these, and other, hypotheses and test the impact of different models on inference. We assembled a dataset of five marker gene sequences (nuc58, nucLSU, nucSSU, rpb1, and rpb2) and 2,174 fungal taxa covering the three subphyla: Agaricomycotina, Mucoromycotina and Pezizomycotina. The fit of different models, including models with variable rates in clades or through time, to the pattern of ECM fungal taxa was tested in a Bayesian framework, and using AIC and simulations. We find that models implementing variable rates are a better fit than models without rate shift, and that the conclusion about the relative rate between ECM and non-ECM depend largely on whether rate shifts are allowed or not. We conclude that standard constant-rate ancestral state reconstruction models are not adequate for the analysis of the evolution of ECM fungi, and may give contradictory results to more extensive analyses. </p>
Decay by ectomycorrhizal fungi couples soil organic matter to nitrogen availability
<p>Interactions between soil nitrogen (N) availability, fungal community composition, and soil organic matter (SOM) regulate soil carbon (C) dynamics in many forest ecosystems, but context dependency in these relationships has precluded general predictive theory. We found that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi with peroxidases decreased with increasing inorganic N availability across a natural inorganic N gradient in northern temperate forests, whereas ligninolytic fungal saprotrophs exhibited no response. Lignin-derived SOM and soil C were negatively correlated with ECM fungi with peroxidases and were positively correlated with inorganic N availability, suggesting decay of lignin-derived SOM by these ECM fungi reduced soil C storage. The correlations we observed link SOM decay in temperate forests to tradeoffs in tree N nutrition and ECM composition, and we propose SOM varies along a single continuum across temperate and boreal ecosystems depending upon how tree allocation to functionally distinct ECM taxa and environmental stress covary with soil N availability.</p>
Data from: Location, but not defensive genotype, determines ectomycorrhizal community composition in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings
<p class="western"><span><span><span>1. For successful colonisation of host roots, ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi must overcome host defence systems, and <span>defensive phenotypes have previously been shown to affect the community composition of EM fungi associated with hosts</span>. Secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, form a core part of these defence systems, but it is not yet understood whether variation in these constitutive defences can result in variation in colonisation of hosts by specific fungal species.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span>2. We planted seedlings from twelve maternal families of Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) of known terpene genotype reciprocally in the field in each of six sites. After three months we characterised the mycorrhizal fungal community of each seedling using a combination of morphological categorisation and molecular barcoding, and assessed the terpene chemodiversity for a subset of the seedlings. We examined whether parental genotype or terpene chemodiversity affected the diversity or composition of a seedling's mycorrhizal community.</span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span><span>3. While we found that terpene chemodiversity was highly heritable, w</span>e found no evidence that parental defensive genotypeor defensive phenoytpeaffected associations with EM fungi. Instead, we found that the location of seedlings, both <span>within and between sites</span>, was the only determinant of the diversity and makeup of EM communities.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>4. These results suggest that <span>while EM community composition varies within Scotland at both large and small scales</span>, variation in constitutive defensive compounds does not determine the EM communities of closely cohabiting pine seedlings. Patchy distributions of EM fungi at small scales may render any genetic variation in associations with different species unrealisable in field conditions. <span>The case for selection on traits mediating associations with specific fungal species may thus be overstated, at least in seedlings.</span></span></span></span></p>
Data set for the article "Recently photoassimilated Carbon and fungus-delivered Nitrogen are spatially correlated at the cellular scale in the ectomycorrhizal tissue of Fagus sylvatica"
<p>This dataset contains data that support the manuscript</p> <p>Mayerhofer et al (2021) "Recently photoassimilated Carbon and fungus-delivered Nitrogen are spatially correlated at the cellular scale in the ectomycorrhizal tissue of<em> Fagus sylvatica", </em>The New Phytologist, DOI:10.1111/nph.17591</p> <p>It contains the following data:</p> <p>(1) NanoSIMS imaging data, which was used for Fig. 4-7, is provided in NanoSIMS_control_root_tip.zip and NanoSIMS_labelled_root_tip.zip. Each zip-files contains:</p> <ul> <li>the original NanoSIMS images (.im)</li> <li>their related checkfiles (.chk_im)</li> <li>ROIs description (.rois.zip)</li> </ul> <p>of the unlabelled control and the labelled root tip section, respectively. ".im" and ".chk_im" are the original image data aquisition files from the NanoSIMS instrument. "rois.zip" files describe selected regions of interests and were created utilizing the OpenMIMS plugin (Center for Nano Imaging, https://nano.bwh.harvard.edu/MIMSsoftware) for the image analysis software ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).</p> <p>(2) Means and standard deviations of all measured elements and isotopes of each region of interest, as obtained via the .rois.zip files from the NanoSIMS images, are reported in NanoSIMS_ROI_data.csv (used for Fig.7).</p> <p>(3) Linescan_data.csv contains data used for Fig. 8.</p> <p>(4) IRMS_roots_data.csv contains data of root segments and mycorrhizal root tips analysed with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) (used for Fig. 2)</p> <p>Description of column meanings from csv data files can be found in the according "_description" files.</p>
Saprotrophic fungal diversity predicts ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity along the timberline in the framework of island biogeography theory
<p></p><p>In the context of a timberline tree species (Betula ermanii) as "virtual island", we surveyed ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal diversity along a 430-m vertical gradient on the top of Changbai Mountain, China, sampling fine roots and neighboring soils of B. ermanii. Besides elevation, soil properties and plant functional traits, endophytic and saprotrophic fungal diversity were assessed as candidate predictors to construct integrative models. EcM fungal diversity decreased with increasing elevation, and exhibited positive diversity to diameter at breast height and negative diversity to distance from forest edge relationships in both roots and soils. Integrative models further showed that saprotrophic fungal diversity was the strongest predictor of EcM fungal diversity, directly enhancing EcM fungal diversity in roots and soils. All the metadata were stored here for use.</p><p></p>
Ectomycorrhizal (Dipterocarp) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (non-dipterocarp) tree
<p>The type of mycorrhizal associations (i.e. ecto- or arbuscular mycorrhizal) formed by trees is of fundamental importance for a range of soil properties and processes in forest ecosystems, yet their importance for the distribution of other important soil biota such as bacteria is still largely unknown. This is especially so in diverse tropical forests where trees of different mycorrhizal types are intermingled in a highly heterogeneous biotic and abiotic environment. Here we used an experimental common garden that helped us to assess how abiotic and biotic variation differentially influenced bacterial communities associated with trees planted in a secondary tropical forest of Borneo. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to characterize rhizosphere bacterial communities of 13 climax tree species (8 ectomycorrhizal and 5 arbuscular mycorrhizal) in relation to plant traits, plant neighborhood, and abiotic environment. Rhizosphere bacterial (RB) communities differed significantly between EM and AM trees but not among EM species and only marginally among AM species. Foliar nutrients, especially potassium, showed relationships with RB community composition. Rhizosphere bacterial communities were related to the density and size of neighboring ectomycorrhizal but not arbuscular mycorrhizal trees. Diversity of RB on AM trees responded positively to AM neighbors and negatively to EM neighbors but RB diversity associated with EM trees was unaffected by neighborhood. Rhizosphere bacterial communities of AM trees were more responsive to environmental variation such as light availability and position on a slope. Plant-growth-promoting taxa of RB assorted similarly to total RB but more strongly.</p> <p><strong>Synthesis</strong>: Our results suggest that the distribution of rhizosphere bacterial communities is linked to plant functional group and plant neighborhood. Because rhizosphere bacteria play important roles in nutrient cycling that influence plant species composition, it is likely that their distributional patterns are important for understanding ecosystem processes and plant demographics.</p>
Host population effects on ectomycorrhizal fungi
<p>Geographic distinctions in the affinity of tree populations for select ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) may occur where strong edaphic pressures act on fungal communities and their hosts. We examine this premise for <em>Pseudotsuga menziesii </em>var. <em>menziesii</em> of southwest British Columbia, using ten native seedlots collected from a range of mean annual precipitation (MAP), as a proxy for podzolization extent and phosphorus (P) deficiencies, and evaluated in contrasting low P and high P soils. After two growing seasons, seedling biomass in the high P soil dwarfed that of the low P soil, and better growth rates under high P were detected for populations from very dry and very wet origins. EMF communities on the high P soil displayed more symmetry among host populations than the low P soil (average community dissimilarity of 0.20% vs 0.39%, respectively). Seedling foliar P% differed slightly but significantly in relation to MAP of origin. EMF species richness varied significantly among host populations but independently of climatic parameters. There were significant shifts in EMF species abundance related to seedlot MAP, particularly on the low P soil where nonlinear relationships were found for <em>Wilcoxina mikolae</em>, <em>Hyaloscypha finlandica</em>, and <em>Rhizopogon villosulus</em>. Despite efforts to enhance colonization by native fungi, the predominance of ruderal EMF species hindered a realistic evaluation of local adaptation among host-fungi populations. Nevertheless, the shifting affinity in taxa abundance and wider community disparity on low P soil reflected the potential for a consequential host genetic effect related to geographical patterns in P availability across temperate rainforests</p>
Precipitation, rather than temperature drives coordination of multidimensional root traits with ectomycorrhizal fungi in alpine coniferous forests
<ol> <li><span>The interactions between roots and mycorrhizal fungi are critical for our understanding of the multidimensional root economics space. Our knowledge on their relationships comes mainly from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants, and less is known about how roots are coordinated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities, especially in ECM-dominated alpine forests that are highly sensitive to climate change worldwide.</span></li> <li> <span>Here, we investigated the coordination between roots and ECM fungi and their drivers by measuring </span><span>multiple</span><span> root traits, ECM fungal </span><span>composition and environmental factors of 47 coniferous populations across the alpine coniferous forests </span><span>on the Tibetan Plateau.</span> </li> <li> <span>Our results reveal two independent fine-root trait dimensions, i.e., root foraging dimension and root uptake dimension, which are represented by</span> <span>root diameter-specific root length, root tissue density-root N concentration. Importantly, the hyphal exploration-type-based ECM foraging correlated significantly with both root foraging and root uptake dimension. Further, in the low-temperature plateau, it is precipitation-induced changes in soil moisture, soil nutrients and pH that drive the proportion of </span><span>longer-</span><span>distance hyphal exploration types to increase with </span><span>higher root </span><span>foraging </span><span>by higher </span><span>specific root length, and </span><span>to </span><span>decrease with </span><span>higher </span><span>uptake </span><span>by higher </span><span>root N concentration.</span> </li> <li> <span><em>Synthesis</em>.</span><span> The coordination of multidimensional root traits with ECM fungi differs greatly from the well-recognized pattern in AM plants that mycorrhizal fungi connect predominantly with root foraging and that roots and mycorrhizal fungi are temperature sensitive. These findings provide a new insight for our holistic understanding of how roots and mycorrhizal fungi vary collaboratively and hence driving plant community assembly and responses to the changing climate.</span> </li> </ol>
Endemic species of ectomycorrhizal fungi support the exceptional productivity of a temperate rainforest
<p>Endemic species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) can be found throughout many forest biomes, but it is unclear whether their localized distribution is dictated by deterministic processes or geographical barriers to dispersal. We investigated the adaptive characteristics and prevalence of endemic versus cosmopolitan EMF species in perhumid temperate rainforests of southwestern Vancouver Island (Canada), characterized by moist, acidic soils with high nitrogen (N) supply alongside low phosphorus (P) and cation availability. Endemic EMF species, representing almost half of the community, had significantly higher sporocarp N (24% increase), potassium (+16%), and magnesium (+17%) concentrations than cosmopolitan species. Sporocarp P concentrations were low overall, reflecting limited soil P availability, and did not differ by fungal range. However, sporocarp N% and P% were well correlated, and species with higher N concentrations showed an increasing N:P ratio, supporting evidence for the N allocation required to produce organic P-acquiring enzymes. Endemics were also more likely to occur on <em>Tsuga</em> <em>heterophylla</em> (a disjunct host genus) than <em>Picea</em> <em>sitchensis</em> (a circumpolar genus), but pairwise comparisons indicated no differences in abundance by fungal range for either host. Endemics represented a diverse group, with moderate dispersion across the phylogeny. The Inocybaceae and Thelephoraceae families had high proportions of endemic taxa, while Cortinariaceae was largely cosmopolitan, highlighting some niche conservatism in certain lineages but not as an overall pattern. We conclude that superior adaptive traits in relation to perhumid soils were skewed towards the endemic community, underscoring the important contribution of these localized fungi to rainforest nutrition and productivity. </p>
The evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in the Late Cretaceous is a key driver of explosive diversification in Agaricomycetes
<p>Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) symbiosis is one of the most ubiquitous and important plant–microbe interactions in forest ecosystems. Coevolutionary interactions often create new ecological opportunities for explosive diversification. It remains unclear why the evolution of EcM fungi did not necessarily increase ecological opportunities for explosive diversification. This study aims to reveal the driving mechanism of the explosive diversification in the fungal class Agaricomycetes, specifically by testing whether the evolution of EcM symbiosis in the Late Cretaceous increased ecological opportunities. Molecular phylogenies of Agaricomycetes inferred from fragments of 89 single-copy genes indicate that the unidirectional evolution of EcM symbiosis occurred multiple times, ranging in date from the early Triassic to the early Paleogene. However, five analyses for estimating net diversification rates (speciation rates minus extinction rates) suggest that the explosive diversification occurred only at the stem EcM fungal clades diverging in the late Cretaceous, coinciding with the rapid diversification of EcM angiosperms. The present findings suggest that the evolution of EcM symbiosis, supposedly with coevolving EcM angiosperms, in the Late Cretaceous was the key drive of the explosive diversification in Agaricomycetes.</p>
Carbon availability affects already large species-specific differences in chemical composition of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelia in pure culture
<p>Although ectomycorrhizal (ECM) contribution to soil organic matter processes receives increased attention, little is known about fundamental differences in chemical composition among species, and how that may be affected by carbon (C) availability. Here we study how 16 species (incl. 19 isolates) grown in pure culture at three different C:N ratios (10:1, 20:1 and 40:1) vary in chemical structure, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We hypothesised that C availability impacts directly on chemical composition, expecting increased C availability to lead to more carbohydrates and less proteins in the mycelia. There were strong and significant effects of ECM species (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.873 and P = 0.001) and large species-specific differences in chemical composition. Chemical composition also changed significantly with C availability, and increased C led to more polysaccharides and less proteins for many species, but not all. Understanding how chemical composition change with altered C availability is a first step towards understanding their role in organic matter accumulation and decomposition.</p>
Data from: Ectomycorrhizal fungi and root water uptake respond independently to water availability
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus ammoniavirescens influences the effects of salinity on loblolly pine in response to potassium availability
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Saprotrophic fungal diversity predicts ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity along the timberline in the framework of island biogeography theory
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.