Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 5 in The effect of X-rays on cytological traits of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Fig. 5. Eupyrene spermatozoa in the bursae copulatrices of females mated either with irradiated or with non-irradiated males. (a) Normal eupyrene spermatozoon; (b) abnormal eupyrene spermatozoon. Bar = 100 µm. Arrowhead indicates distinctive angle observed in abnormal eupyrene spermatozoa.

Fig. 6 in The effect of X-rays on cytological traits of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Fig. 6. Ratio of normal, abnormal, and uncertain eupyrene spermatozoa relative to total eupyrene spermatozoa (mean ± SE) measured afer completion of copula.

Fig. 2 in The effect of X-rays on cytological traits of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Fig. 2. Cytogenetic analysis of the F1 generation of irradiated males. (a) Male mitotic metaphase with chromosomal fragments and fusions; (b) male pachytene complement with chromosomal multivalents; (c) male metaphase I with multivalents and chromosomal fragments.Bar = 10 µm. Arrowheads indicate chromosomal fragments;arrow indicates multivalents;and asterisks indicate chromosome fusion.

Fig. 4 in The effect of X-rays on cytological traits of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Fig. 4. Apyrene to eupyrene sperm ratios in irradiated and non-irradiated males. (a) Apyrene to eupyrene sperm ratio in males irradiated at different X-ray doses (mean ± SE); (b) ratio of normal eupyrene bundles relative to total sperm bundles (mean ± SE); (c) ratio of deformed eupyrene bundles relative to total sperm bundles (mean ± SE). Columns with different letters in graph are statistically different (P <0.05).

Fig. 3 in The effect of X-rays on cytological traits of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Fig. 3. Cytogenetic analysis of eupyrene and apyrene sperm in Tuta absoluta. (a) Normal eupyrene sperm bundle; (b) apyrene sperm bundle; (c) deformed eupyrene sperm bundle. Bar = 100 µm. Arrow indicates eupyrene sperm nuclei; arrowhead indicates micronuclei.

Fig. 1 in The effect of X-rays on cytological traits of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Fig. 1. Cytogenetic analysis of non-irradiated T. absoluta individuals. (a) Female mitotic metaphase; (b) male mitotic metaphase; (c) female pachytene complement with a WZ bivalent identified according to W-chromosome heterochromatin; (d) male pachytene complement; (e) a highly polyploid female nucleus of Malpighian tubule cells with a large sex chromatin body; (f) a male nucleus of Malpighian tubule cells without W chromatin. Bar = 5 µm (a,b); 10 µm (c,d); 20 µm (e,f). Arrowheads indicate largest chromosomes of the complement, i.e., W and Z sex chromosomes; and arrow indicates sex chromatin.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Lifespan Fecundity data for The Combined Effects of Macronutrient Ratios and the chico1 Variant on Life History Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

Data sheets for Lifespan Fecundity data for The Combined Effects of Macronutrient Ratios and the chico1 Variant on Life History Traits in Drosophila melanogaster. Chico_life_extention_ds and Chico_CP_life_extention_REP_ds are data sheets from project one that keep track of deaths that occurred in the experiment.  Deaths of males, deaths of females, and censors were recorded. Hour = hour of collection, Minute = minute of collection, Days_alive = number of days flies have been inside the vials after initial collection, last_flip = day of last time flies were flipped, Label = id of the vial, repl = replicant group, deadF = number of females that died before that days collection, deadM = number of males that died before each collection, cens = number of censors before each collection, counter = person who counted the flies, Year = year of collection, Month = month of collection, Day = day of collection, notes = observations during collection.  LDF_flipping_and_counting_data is a data sheet keeping track of deaths that occured in project two. Deaths of females, males, and censors were recorded. Month = month of collection, Day = day of collection, Year = year of collection, Days_alive = number of days flies have been inside vials, Flipped = were the flies flipped with Y meaning Yes and N meaning No, flipper = person who flipped the flies, DeadF = number of dead females before collection, DeadM = number of dead males before collection, Censor = number of censors before collection, Hour = hour of collection, Minute = minute of collection, Label = id of the vial, Notes = observations during collection. LDF_egg_counting_data is a data sheet keeping track of the number of eggs counted on every image in experiment 2. Image_ID i= image identification number, Label = id of the vial, Day = day of collection, Month = month of collection, Year = year of collection, Counter  = person who counted the eggs, Egg_total = number of eggs counted on the photo, notes = observations during collection. Images.zip is a zipped folder of all images that were used to count the number of eggs laid over a ~16-hour time period once per week until the death of all flies in the vial. These images are organized by the date the picture was taken. These pictures were counted using the cell counter extension for ImageJ and counted. Counts were recorded in the LDF_egg_counting_data data sheet.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Temporal dynamics of biodiversity effects and light-use related traits in two intercropping systems

Dataset for "Temporal dynamics of biodiversity effects and light-use related traits in two intercropping systems"

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Data from: Effects of artificial light at night on the leaf functional traits of freshwater plants

Leaf traits measured on three species of submerged aquatic plants (Myriophyllum verticillatum L., Potamogeton coloratus Hornem., and Vallisneria spiralis L.) grown under light pollution at night or in the dark. Details about the protocols and the data collection can be found in the article published in Freshwater Biology.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data from: Which traits optimize plant benefits? Meta-analysis on the effect of partner traits on the outcome of an ant-plant protective mutualism

1. Theoretical models on mutualism dynamics predict that partner traits may influence the outcome of mutualistic interactions. However, most empirical data on this issue is restricted to case studies, limiting our ability to reach a more widespread comprehension of the role of partner traits on the dynamic of mutualisms. 2. We investigated how the outcome of protective mutualisms between ants and plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) is influenced by the traits of EFNs and ants feeding on EFNs. We used a meta-analytical approach based on 35 studies investigating the effect of ant attendance on the herbivores and reproductive performance of EFN-bearing plants. We evaluated how variation in the EFN vascularization and location on plants and the ant aggressiveness can modulate the effect of ant attendance on the plants. 3. Both plant and ant traits investigated here drove the outcome of the protective mutualism for EFN-bearing plants. Plants exclusively bearing EFNs near reproductive organs benefited more from ant attendance than plants bearing EFNs on vegetative or vegetative and reproductive organs. Ants had a higher positive impact on the reproductive performance of plants bearing non-vascularized EFNs than plants bearing vascularized EFNs, although their effects on herbivores had been similar in both plant types. Regarding the ant behavior, plants often attended by more aggressive ant species had a higher reproductive performance than plants often attended by less aggressive ones. 4. Synthesis: Our results highlight that the selective pressures and evolutionary routes in ant-plant protective mutualisms may depend on the pool of traits exhibited by partner species. Although some studies have already reported some impact of species traits on the outcome of ant-plant mutualisms, this is the first time that a generalization about the role of species traits on the net balance of ant attendance was proposed. Due to this generalization, it was possible to advance our knowledge about the evolution of facultative mutualisms by showing that the role of species traits on the mutualistic outcome can vary in intricate ways due to a particular trait combination found among partners in communities where the interactions are embedded in.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Simulated pollinator decline has similar effects on seed production of female and hermaphrodite Lobelia siphilitica, but different effects on selection on floral traits

PREMISE: Pollinator decline, by reducing seed production, is predicted to strengthen natural selection on floral traits. However, the effect of pollinator decline on gender dimorphic species (such as gynodioecious species, where plants produce female or hermaphrodite flowers) may differ between the sex morphs: if pollinator decline reduces the seed production of females more than hermaphrodites, then it should also have a larger effect on selection on floral traits in females than in hermaphrodites. RESULTS: Experimentally reducing pollination decreased seed production of both females and hermaphrodites by ~21%. Reducing pollination also strengthened selection on floral traits, but this effect was not larger in females than in hermaphrodites. Instead, reducing pollination intensified selection for taller inflorescences in hermaphrodites, but did not intensify selection on any floral trait in females. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that pollinator decline will not have a larger effect on either seed production or selection on floral traits of female plants. As such, any effect of pollinator decline on seed production may be similar for gender dimorphic and monomorphic species. However, the potential for floral traits of females (and thus of gender dimorphic species) to evolve in response to pollinator decline could be limited.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Data for: Combining environmental niche models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits identifies pervasive effects of land use on butterfly biodiversity across Italy

Understanding how species respond to human activities is paramount to ecology and conservation science, one outstanding question being how large-scale patterns in land use affect biodiversity. To facilitate answering this question, we propose a novel analytical framework that combines Environmental Niche Models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits. We illustrate the framework capitalizing on the most extensive dataset compiled to date for the butterflies of Italy (106,514 observations for 288 species), assessing how agriculture and urbanization have affected biodiversity of these taxa from landscape to regional scales (3–48 km grains) across the country while accounting for its steep climatic gradients. Multiple lines of evidence suggest pervasive and scale-dependent effects of land use on butterflies in Italy. While land use explained patterns in species richness primarily at grains ≤ 12 km, idiosyncratic responses in species highlighted "winners" and "losers" across human-dominated regions. Detrimental effects of agriculture and urbanization emerged from landscape (3-km grain) to regional (48-km grain) scales, disproportionally affecting small butterflies and butterflies with a short flight curve. Human activities have therefore reorganized the biogeography of Italian butterflies, filtering out species with poor dispersal capacity and narrow niche breadth not only from local assemblages but also from regional species pools. These results suggest that global conservation efforts neglecting large-scale patterns in land use risk falling short of their goals, even for taxa typically assumed to persist in small natural areas (e.g., invertebrates). Our study also confirms that consideration of spatial scales will be crucial to implementing effective conservation actions in the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. In this context, applications of the proposed analytical framework have broad potential to identify which mechanisms underlie biodiversity change at different spatial scales. Funding statement: FR is supported by the PROBAE project "Protect butterflies across Europe through climate refugia" funded by the European Commission through Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) individual fellowship, reintegration panel (Grant agreement ID: 101024579). Open Access Funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Torino within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Environmental context and herbivore traits mediate the strength of associational effects in a meta-analysis of crop diversity

1. Crop diversification offers a promising solution to meet expanding global food demands while maintaining ecosystem services. Diversification strategies that employ mixed planting to reduce pest damage (e.g., intercropping), termed "associational effects" (AE) in the ecological literature, can decrease (associational resistance) or increase (associational susceptibility) herbivore abundance on a focal plant. While application of AE to agroecosystems typically reduces pest abundance, the range of outcomes varies widely. 2. We conducted a meta-analysis using 272 estimates of insect herbivore abundance on crops neighbored by a conspecific or heterospecific from 44 studies undertaken on six continents. We focus on four agricultural crops well-represented from sites across the globe to test hypotheses related to understanding how herbivore traits (diet breadth, feeding guild, origin), plant traits (crop type, phylogenetic distance to neighbor), and environmental context (climate, experimental design) contribute to variation in the outcomes of associational effects. 3. Overall, bicultures provided a strong reduction of insect abundance on the focal crop. Climate and interactions between herbivore traits, particularly diet breadth and origin, and plant traits or environmental context mediated the strength of associational effects. 4. Bicultures provided the strongest reductions in insect abundance at low latitudes and this effect decreased at higher latitudes, but only for insects with certain traits. Abundance of generalist herbivores and globally distributed pests tended to be most strongly negatively affected by bicultures, under certain contexts, whereas specialist herbivores and native pests were less affected by neighbors. 5. Synthesis and application. This meta-analysis highlights that variability in AE is determined in part by the interactive effects of herbivore traits and environmental context and provides guidance for incorporating beneficial ecological interactions into integrated pest management strategies.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Figure 3 in Sublethal effects of spiromesifen on life table traits ofTetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) andNeoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Figure 3 Age-stage life expectancy (exj) of two generations of Tetranychus urticaeexposed to LC20 of spiromesifen.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Figure 6 in Sublethal effects of spiromesifen on life table traits ofTetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) andNeoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Figure 6 Age-stage survival rate (sxj) and age specific survival rate (lx), fecundity (mx), and net maternity l(xmx) of Neoseiulus californicus exposed to LC20 of spiromesifen.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Figure 2 in Sublethal effects of spiromesifen on life table traits ofTetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) andNeoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Figure 2 Age specific survival rate (lx), fecundity (mx), and net maternity l(xmx) of two generations of Tetranychus urticaeexposed to LC20 of spiromesifen.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Data from: The sequential direct and indirect effects of mountain uplift, climatic niche and floral trait evolution on diversification dynamics in an Andean plant clade

Why and how organismal lineages radiate is commonly studied through either assessing abiotic factors (biogeography, geomorphological processes, climate) or biotic factors (traits, interactions). Despite increasing awareness that both abiotic and biotic processes may have important joint effects on diversification dynamics, few attempts have been made to quantify the relative importance and timing of these factors, and their potentially interlinked direct and indirect effects, on lineage diversification. We here combine assessments of historical biogeography, geomorphology, climatic niche, vegetative and floral trait evolution to test whether these factors jointly, or in isolation, explain diversification dynamics of a Neotropical plant clade (Merianieae, Melastomataceae). After estimating ancestral areas and disparification over time in climate and trait space, we employ Phylogenetic Path Analyses as a synthesis tool to test eleven hypotheses on the individual direct and indirect effects of these factors on diversification rates. We find strongest support for interlinked effects of colonization of the uplifting Andes during the mid-Miocene and rapid abiotic climatic niche evolution in explaining a burst in diversification rate in Merianieae. Within Andean habitats, later disparification in floral trait space allowed for the exploitation of wider pollination niches (i.e., shifts from bee to vertebrate pollinators), but did not affect diversification rates. Our approach of including both vegetative and floral trait evolution, rare in assessments of plant diversification in general, highlights important pre-adaptations to mountain colonization, specifically woody habit and larger flowers. Overall, and in concert with the idea that ecological opportunity is a key element of evolutionary radiations, our results suggest that a combination of rapid niche evolution and pre-adapted traits were critical for the exploitation of newly available niche space in the Andes in the mid-Miocene. Further, our results emphasize the importance of incorporating both abiotic and biotic factors into the same analytical framework if we aim to quantify the relative and interlinked effects of these processes on diversification.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

figure 3 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 3 Variation in body pigmentation between different background coloration treatments during ethe xperimental time in H. arborea tadpoles. dl – dark-light treatment; d – dark treatment; dd – darkdark treatment; ld – light-dark treatment; l – light treatment; ll – light-light treatment

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

figure 4 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 4 The tadpole body coloration by treatment: day 0 – the start of the experiment, average pigmentation 69% of dark pixels, no treatment groups; day 20 of the experiment (day 20) – two treatment groups, Dark and Light, average pigmentation d – 93% and l – 62% of dark pixels; day 36 – the end of the experiment (day 36) – four treatments, dd – dark-dark treatment, ld – light-dark treatment, dl – dark-light treatment, ll – light-light treatment, average pigmentation dd – 90%, dl – 60%, ld – 91%, ll – 70% of dark pixels.