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TABLE 2 in Two new species of the similis-subgroup of Triconia Böttger- Schnack, 1999 (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) and a redescription of T. denticula Wi, Shin & Soh, 2011 from the northeastern equatorial Pacific
TABLE 2. — Morphometric variation among individuals of four species of the Triconia similis-subgroup from the northeastern equatorial Pacific: comparison of the length of spines on P2-P4 enp-3 of Triconia komo n. sp., Triconia onnuri n. sp. and Triconia denticula Wi, Shin & Soh, 2011. Abbreviations see material and methods. Symbol: ×, damaged; unit: µm.
Numerical simulation of the equatorial plasma bubble: the effect of seeding by the vertical winds and random background noise perturbations.
<p>A wide variety of small-amplitude waves widely exist in the ionosphere and have significant effects on the evolution of equatorial plasma bubbles. In this paper, we simulated equatorial plasma bubbles (EPB) seeded by vertical neutral wind perturbations with wavelengths of 125 km and 250 km, and compared the morphology characteristics of plasma bubble structures with those under random noise perturbations in the background density. The numerical results showed that both vertical winds and random background noise perturbations can contribute to the growth of plasma bubbles, and the perturbations under additional random background noise can promote the growth of the plasma bubble structures faster. Additionally, several processes of the nonlinear behavior of bifurcated EPB structures, including bifurcation, pinching, and small-scale turbulent structures, were successfully obtained. Our simulation captured supersonic flows within the low-density plasma structures characterized by vertical velocities of about 1.5 km/s, which is consistent with experimental studies found in the literature.</p>
Equatorial Sunrise Eclipse
<p>Third place winner in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of the day arc of the Sun and solargraphs: Equatorial Sunrise Eclipse, by Fabrizio Melandri.</p> <p>This breathtaking image shows a sunrise sequence of the annular eclipse of 2006, as it unfolds against the tranquil backdrop of Des Roches beach in Kourou, French Guiana. Positioned near a renowned spaceport, this location provides an impeccable viewpoint to behold the celestial event. This image was captured using an analogue camera, with a shot being taken every 10 minutes on the same film frame. The exposures were changed as the Sun rose. The Moon’s disc can be seen gradually moving across the Sun’s disc from the earliest (lower) image until it covers the Sun. It then slowly moves away, revealing the whole of the solar disc again. Kourou’s unique geographic location close to Earth’s equator ensures that the path of the rising Sun is nearly perpendicular to the horizon, magnifying the splendour of the eclipse.</p> <p>Credit: Fabrizio Melandri/IAU OAE (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">CC BY 4.0</a>)</p>
Transport Starter Data Kit: Historical socio-transport data for Equatorial Guinea
<p>This Transport Starter Data Kit contains historical annual data (1990–2021) on passenger and freight activity, segregated by mode and fuel. Additionally, historical data on energy intensities, load factors, vehicle stock, population (total, urban, rural, growth), and GDP (total, agriculture, construction, mining, manufacturing, service, energy, growth) are included in the kit, within the 'Data' tab. The historical data can be used as a foundation for transport-energy modelling and/or to identify areas of improvement. This data was verified through consultation with relevant stakeholders before publishing. The definition used for each vehicle mode is found in the 'Definitions' tab, and the description of each data observation status is found in the 'Notes' tab. All data sources are linked where possible.</p>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Equatorial Guinea
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=11539">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2023) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Monthly Mean Equatorial Electrojet variations over the Indian sector for the years 2001 to 2022
<p>This database contain the monthly mean Equatorial Electrojet variations over the Indian sector for a period from 2001 to 2022. This data has been mainly used in building the Indian Equatorial Electrojet (IEEJ) Model and manuscript is submitted for possible publication in JGR-Space Physics. </p>
An Evaluation of Equatorial Perturbation Electric Fields Using Empirical Vertical Drift Models
<p>Dataset for the article titled "An Evaluation of Equatorial Perturbation Electric Fields Using Empirical Vertical Drift Models", submitted to <em>Space Weather</em>. The dataset includes the outputs from the four empirical vertical drift models used in the article: Fejer and Scherliess (1997), Kelley and Retterer (2008), Manoj and Maus (2012), and Scherliess and Fejer (1999).</p>
National Checklists: Equatorial Guinea Species List
Data from: GBIF.org (23 January 2025) GBIF Occurrence Download <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.vd2ajk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.vd2ajk</a>
EVEX rocket experiment: sounding rocket and C/NOFS satellite observations in equatorial regions of the ionosphere at sunset
<p>These data files support the JGR: Space Physics article by Pfaff, R. et al. (2022) entitled "Dual sounding rocket and C/NOFS satellite observations of DC electric fields and plasma density in the equatorial E and F region ionosphere at sunset".</p>
Hydrographic and velocity data during Leg 1 of the R/V Hespérides MOC2 cruise, 7-18 April 2010, western equatorial Atlantic
<p>This dataset consists of 47 CTD and LADCPs casts from the sea surface down to 5000 m. These hydrographic casts were done during the first leg of the MOC2-Equatorial oceanographic cruise, which took place in the western equatorial Atlantic (5°S-5°N; 46°W-30°W] between 7 and 18 April 2010, onboard the R/V Hespérides. Temperature and conductivity were obtained with a SeaBird 911-Plus multi-probe system mounted on a 24 Niskin-bottle rosette that collected water samples at standard depths, which were used to calibrate the conductivity data. Duplicate temperature and conductivity sensors were used as a quality control measure. The LADCPs were RDI 300 kHz Workhorse Monitor instruments used in synchronized master-slave mode. The system was set to a ping-rate of 1 ping/s and a bin length of 10 m, and the data was processed using the IFM-GEOMAR LADCP software, Version 10.8. The LADCPs velocity data were de-tided using the TPXO.3 global model of ocean tides. The netcdf file MOC2_leg1.nc contains data interpolated linearly every 1 m from surface to 1500 m depth.</p>
Investigation of the Post-Sunset Extra electron density Peak Poleward of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Southern Crest
<p>These files are waccmx data to draw the plot in the paper.</p> <p>dwind stands for neutral wind transport</p> <p>dfield stands for E cross B transport</p> <p>ambi stands for transport due to ambipolar diffusion</p> <p>OP40W stands for O+ at 40W</p> <p>VN40W stands for meridional wind at 40W</p> <p>WI40W stands for vertical component of E cross B at 40W</p> <p> </p> <p>OPCHEMP and OPCHEML stand for the production and loss of the O+</p> <p>All these fils are at 40W, and their dimensions are 192*60*288 , 192 stands for number of latitude, 60 stands for number of altitudes and 288 stands for number of times</p> <p> </p> <p>HMF2 and NMF2 stand for the hmf2 and nmf2 global</p>
Text-fig. 3. Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene/Miocene Sciadopityspollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–f: cf. Sciadopityspollenites serratus from Vilui basin (Siberia), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with leptoma, c – detail SEM of leptoma? and echinate verrucae, d – LM image equatorial view, e – SEM of distal polar view, f – SEM detailed view of verrucate, echinate perforate sexine sculpturing; g–i: Sciadopityspollenites serratus from Bayerhof Maar (Germany), g – LM image of proximal polar side, h – SEM overview of distal polar side, i – SEM detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sculpturing. in The Occurrence Of Pollen Of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. Through Time
Text-fig. 3. Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene/Miocene Sciadopityspollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–f: cf. Sciadopityspollenites serratus from Vilui basin (Siberia), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with leptoma, c – detail SEM of leptoma? and echinate verrucae, d – LM image equatorial view, e – SEM of distal polar view, f – SEM detailed view of verrucate, echinate perforate sexine sculpturing; g–i: Sciadopityspollenites serratus from Bayerhof Maar (Germany), g – LM image of proximal polar side, h – SEM overview of distal polar side, i – SEM detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sculpturing.
Text-fig. 2. Aptian to Albian Cerebropollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–c: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from St. Pölten (Austria), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with visible, less sculptured leptoma, c – detail of echinate verrucae; d–f: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from Khovil basin (Mongolia), d – LM image polar view with well visible thin-walled leptoma, e – SEM of proximal polar view with faintly sculptures leptoma, f – SEM detailed view of transition from leptoma to normal sexine sculpturing; g–i: Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus from Khovil basin (Mongolia), g – LM image of oblique equatorial view, h – SEM of oblique equatorial view with concave leptoma, i – SEM detail of the rugulate to verrucate sexine and smaller sculpturing in leptoma area. in The Occurrence Of Pollen Of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. Through Time
Text-fig. 2. Aptian to Albian Cerebropollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–c: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from St. Pölten (Austria), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with visible, less sculptured leptoma, c – detail of echinate verrucae; d–f: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from Khovil basin (Mongolia), d – LM image polar view with well visible thin-walled leptoma, e – SEM of proximal polar view with faintly sculptures leptoma, f – SEM detailed view of transition from leptoma to normal sexine sculpturing; g–i: Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus from Khovil basin (Mongolia), g – LM image of oblique equatorial view, h – SEM of oblique equatorial view with concave leptoma, i – SEM detail of the rugulate to verrucate sexine and smaller sculpturing in leptoma area.
Text-fig. 1. Extant Sciadopitys verticillata pollen. a–c: LM images (scale bars 10 µm), a – polar view, b – equatorial view, c – equatorial view with well visible thinning of proximal leptoma; d–e: SEM overview images (scale bar 10 µm), d – distal polar view, e – oblique equatorial view; f – equatorial view with leptoma at top; g–i: SEM detailed images (scale bars 2 µm), g – detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sexine of distal pol, h – wall break displaying thin nexine and verrucate, echinate sexine, i – ripped open leptoma displaying transition from verrucate sculpturing to nearly psilate state. in The Occurrence Of Pollen Of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. Through Time
Text-fig. 1. Extant Sciadopitys verticillata pollen. a–c: LM images (scale bars 10 µm), a – polar view, b – equatorial view, c – equatorial view with well visible thinning of proximal leptoma; d–e: SEM overview images (scale bar 10 µm), d – distal polar view, e – oblique equatorial view; f – equatorial view with leptoma at top; g–i: SEM detailed images (scale bars 2 µm), g – detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sexine of distal pol, h – wall break displaying thin nexine and verrucate, echinate sexine, i – ripped open leptoma displaying transition from verrucate sculpturing to nearly psilate state.
Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar.
Text-fig. 9. Portnallia. a–j: P. bognorensis M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 30421. a: Oblique lateral view with dorsal surface of locule cast facing towards right side. b: Basal view (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 40 of Chandler 1961). c–g: Micro CT data. c–f: Surface renderings. c: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. d: lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. e: Basal view. f: Apical view. g: Digital transverse section near equatorial position showing (c) to u-shaped locules. h: Apical view of tetralocular fruit, V. 30423 (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 42 of Chandler 1961). i: Transverse section of specimen in (h), reflected light. j–o: P. sheppeyensis M.CHANDLER, Holotype V. 30428, here synomomized with P. bognorensis, from micro-CT data. j–m: Surface renderings. j: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. k: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. l: Basal view. m: Apical view. n: Digital equatorial transverse section showing the three preserved locules and extensive cracking due to pyrite decomposition. o: Translucent volume rendering, apical view showing (c) to u-shaped locules. Scale bars 2 mm, bar in (a) applies also to (b), bar in (e) applies to also to (c, d), bar in (g) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to applies also to (k–m). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 9. Portnallia. a–j: P. bognorensis M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 30421. a: Oblique lateral view with dorsal surface of locule cast facing towards right side. b: Basal view (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 40 of Chandler 1961). c–g: Micro CT data. c–f: Surface renderings. c: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. d: lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. e: Basal view. f: Apical view. g: Digital transverse section near equatorial position showing (c) to u-shaped locules. h: Apical view of tetralocular fruit, V. 30423 (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 42 of Chandler 1961). i: Transverse section of specimen in (h), reflected light. j–o: P. sheppeyensis M.CHANDLER, Holotype V. 30428, here synomomized with P. bognorensis, from micro-CT data. j–m: Surface renderings. j: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. k: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. l: Basal view. m: Apical view. n: Digital equatorial transverse section showing the three preserved locules and extensive cracking due to pyrite decomposition. o: Translucent volume rendering, apical view showing (c) to u-shaped locules. Scale bars 2 mm, bar in (a) applies also to (b), bar in (e) applies to also to (c, d), bar in (g) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to applies also to (k–m).
Text-fig. 6. Exbeckettia mastixioides (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. nov. from the London Clay. a–f: Holotype, V. 23002, bilocular fruit. a–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a: Apical view. b: Basal view. c: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. d: lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. e, f: Digital sections from micro-CT data. e: transverse equatorial showing U-shaped locules and distinct dark endocarp (arrows). f: Median longitudinal intercepting both locules. g: lateral view of bilocular fruit with interlocular septum facing forward. V. 23013(3). h: Apical view of bilocular fruit with two exposed locule casts, V. 23013(1). i–l: Fruits in physical transverse section showing U-shaped locules and distinct locule lining. i: Bilocular fruit shown in (g). j: Bilocular fruit, V. 23007. k: Fruit with one locule larger than the other, V. 23006. l: Tetralocular fruit, V. 22993. Scale bar 5 mm in (a–l), bar in (a) applies also to (b–d), bar in (e) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to (i–l). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 6. Exbeckettia mastixioides (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. nov. from the London Clay. a–f: Holotype, V. 23002, bilocular fruit. a–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a: Apical view. b: Basal view. c: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. d: lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. e, f: Digital sections from micro-CT data. e: transverse equatorial showing U-shaped locules and distinct dark endocarp (arrows). f: Median longitudinal intercepting both locules. g: lateral view of bilocular fruit with interlocular septum facing forward. V. 23013(3). h: Apical view of bilocular fruit with two exposed locule casts, V. 23013(1). i–l: Fruits in physical transverse section showing U-shaped locules and distinct locule lining. i: Bilocular fruit shown in (g). j: Bilocular fruit, V. 23007. k: Fruit with one locule larger than the other, V. 23006. l: Tetralocular fruit, V. 22993. Scale bar 5 mm in (a–l), bar in (a) applies also to (b–d), bar in (e) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to (i–l).
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k).
Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT
Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5 mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2 mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5 mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r: in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5 mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2 mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5 mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r:
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.