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Fig. 4 in Repellency of two essential oils to Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 4. Mean numbers of ants present on treatment and control filter papers in tests with essential oils at a concentration of 1,000 ppm in the absence or presence of food at different hours of observation. Values are means of 6 replications, and bars indicate the standard error. The mean numbers of ants were compared by paired t-tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. No significant differences between treatment and control were found.

Fig. 5 in Repellency of two essential oils to Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 5. Mean numbers of ants present on treatment and control filter papers in tests with essential oils at a concentration of 100 ppm in the absence or presence of food at different hours of observation. Values are means of 6 replications, and bars indicate the standard error. The mean numbers of ants were compared by paired t-tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. No significant differences between treatment and control were found.

Fig. 3 in Repellency of two essential oils to Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 3. Percentage of repellency (PR) of Curcuma longa and Litsea cubeba against Monomorium pharaonis in the absence or presence of food at different hours of observation. Values are means of 6 replications, and bars indicate the standard error. The PR values were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between absence and presence of food.

Fig. 2 in Repellency of two essential oils to Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 2. Mean numbers of ants present on treatment and control filter papers in tests with essential oils at a concentration of 10,000 ppm in the absence or presence of food at different hours of observation. Values are means of 6 replications, and bars indicate the standard error. The mean numbers of ants were compared by paired t-tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between treatment and control.

Fig. 1 in Repellency of two essential oils to Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 1. Experimental setup of the area choice test, with two filter paper half discs fitted in the bottom of a Petri dish. In the "with food" test, food was placed centrally on each half disc.

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Figure 1 in The effects of two essential oils on thefunctional response of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed on Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Figure 1. The functional response curves and feeding percentages of Amblyseius swirskii on the first instar Frankliniella occidentalis after exposure to Mentha piperita (a1, b1), and Laurus nobilis (a2, b2) essential oils.

Figure 4 in Antimicrobial activity of noni fruit essential oil on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis

Figure 4. The GC chromatogram of noni EO: 1. α-pinene; 2. camphene; 3. Methyl ester; 4. 2- heptanone; 5. Caprylic acid.

Figure 1 in Antimicrobial activity of noni fruit essential oil on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis

Figure 1. The effect of noni EO on E. coli O157:H7 and S. Enteritidis using the direct spreading- plate method on the MIC value of noni EO towards both pathogens.

Figure 3 in Antimicrobial activity of noni fruit essential oil on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis

Figure 3. The survival of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Enteritidis as affected by noni EO in TBS after a treatment for 16 hours.

Figure 2 in Antimicrobial activity of noni fruit essential oil on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis

Figure 2. The effect of noni EO on E. coli O157:H7 and S. Enteritidis using the broth dilution method in TBS to determine the MBC value of noni EO against both pathogens.

FIGURE 5 in Linalool chemotype essential oil from Lippia alba in the anesthesia of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus): ventilatory rate, biochemical, antioxidant, and oxidative status parameters

FIGURE 5 | Antioxidant and oxidative stress parameters in the liver after transferring to recovery aquariums of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus) anesthetized with the essential oil from Lippia alba (EOLA). A = GST (glutathione S-transferase). B = SOD (superoxide dismutase). C = CAT (catalase). D = LPO (lipid peroxidation). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 fish per treatment each time). Capital letters indicate significant differences between time points within the same treatment. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the same time point. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used to determine statistical significance (P <0.05).

FIGURE 1 in Linalool chemotype essential oil from Lippia alba in the anesthesia of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus): ventilatory rate, biochemical, antioxidant, and oxidative status parameters

FIGURE 1 | Time (s) required for mild and deep anesthesia and recovery in fat snook angelfish (Centropomus parallelus) with increasingly essential oil from Lippia alba (EOLA) concentrations. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 10 fish per treatment). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used to determine statistical significance (P <0.05). Mild and deep anesthesia times showed regression.

FIGURE 4 in Linalool chemotype essential oil from Lippia alba in the anesthesia of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus): ventilatory rate, biochemical, antioxidant, and oxidative status parameters

FIGURE 4 | Blood glucose (A) and whole-body cortisol (B) levels after transferring to recovery aquariums of anesthetized fat snook (Centropomus parallelus) with essential oil from Lippia alba (EOLA). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 fish per treatment each time). Capital letters indicate significant differences between time points within the same treatment. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the same time point. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used to determine statistical significance (P <0.05).

FIGURE 2 in Linalool chemotype essential oil from Lippia alba in the anesthesia of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus): ventilatory rate, biochemical, antioxidant, and oxidative status parameters

FIGURE 2 | Time (s) required for mild and deep anesthesia and recovery in fat snook (Centropomus parallelus) exposed to essential oil from Lippia alba (180 µL L−1). Smaller fish = 6.03 ± 0.09 g; 9.30 ± 0.05 cm. Larger fish = 38.49 ± 2.07 g; 16.55 ± 0.26 cm. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 10 fish per treatment). Different letters indicate significant differences between fish body size classes. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used to determine statistical significance (P <0.05).

FIGURE 3 in Linalool chemotype essential oil from Lippia alba in the anesthesia of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus): ventilatory rate, biochemical, antioxidant, and oxidative status parameters

FIGURE 3 | Ventilatory rate (VR) of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus) during exposure to the essential oil from Lippia alba (EOLA). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 8 fish per treatment). Capital letters indicate significant differences between time points within the same treatment. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the same time point. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used to determine statistical significance (P <0.05).

Figure 6 in Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of essential oils of Croton doctoris S. Moore (Euphorbiaceae)

Figure 6. Effects of different concentrations of essential oils (EO) from stem and leaves of C. doctoris on peroxidase (A), catalase (B) and superoxide dismutase (C) in lettuce and onion seedlings. Letters above the bars that are different from the letter above the control group indicate statistical difference between them (Dunnet test, p <0.05).

Figure 5 in Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of essential oils of Croton doctoris S. Moore (Euphorbiaceae)

Figure 5. Effects of essential oils (EO) from stem and leaves of C. doctoris on the mitotic index of lettuce (A) and onion (B) seedlings.

Figure 4 in Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of essential oils of Croton doctoris S. Moore (Euphorbiaceae)

Figure 4. Effects of different concentrations of essential oils (EO) from stem and leaves of C. doctoris on mean chlorophyll level in the shoot (A) and potential respiration in the roots (B) (formazan produced by dehydrogenase enzymes) in lettuce and onion seedlings. Letters above the bars that are different from the letter above the control group indicate statistical difference between them (Dunnet test, p <0.05).

Figure 2 in Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of essential oils of Croton doctoris S. Moore (Euphorbiaceae)

Figure 2. Effects of essential oils (EO) of stem (A) and leaves (B) of C. doctoris on germination, radicle and hypocotyl growth and dry matter of lettuce seedlings. Data are expressed as percentage difference from the control treatment. *Statistically different from the control treatment (Dunnet test, p <0.05).

Figure 3 in Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of essential oils of Croton doctoris S. Moore (Euphorbiaceae)

Figure 3. Effects of essential oils (EO) from stem (A) and leaves (B) of C. doctoris on germination, radicle and hypocotyl growth and dry matter of onion seedlings. Data are expressed as percentage difference from the control treatment. *Statistically different from the control treatment (Dunnet test, p <0.05).