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84 results for “fatty acid composition”
Data from: Microbial composition play the leading role in volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of different scale of corn stover with rumen fluid
<p>Rumen fluid is a natural and green biocatalyst that can efficiently degrade biomass into volatile fatty acid (VFA) used to produce value-added materials. But the essence of high degradation efficiency in the rumen has not been fully analyzed. This study investigated the contribution of substrate structure and microbial composition to volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of corn stover. The ball milled corn stover were innovatively applied to ferment with the rumen fluid collected at different digestion times. Exogeneous cellulase was also added to the ruminal fermentation to further reveal the inner mechanism. With prolonged digestion time, the microbial community relative abundance levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased from 29.98% to 72.74% and decreased from 51.76% to 22.11%, respectively. The highest VFA production of the corn stover was achieved via treatment with the rumen fluid collected at 24 h which was up to 9508 mg/L. The ball milled corn stover achieved high VFA production because of the more accessible substrate structure. The application of exogenous cellulase has no significant influence to the ruminal fermentation. The microbial community abundance contributed more to the VFA production compared with the substrate structures.</p>
Seasonal weight loss effect in the hepatic fatty acid composition in Australian Merino, Damara and Dorper sheep
<p>Seasonal weight loss (SWL) is one of the major limitations in small ruminant production in drought-prone regions. The study of breeds with higher tolerance to the effects of SWL is particularly important to define breed selection strategies. In this work we evaluated the effect of SWL in the hepatic fatty acids profile in three ovine breeds with different levels of tolerance: the Merino (susceptible to SWL), the Dorper (intermediate tolerant to SWL), and Damara (tolerant to SWL). </p>
Integrating pigment and fatty acid profiles for enhanced estimation of seston community composition
<p>Climate change, nutrition pollution, and land use alterations influence the primary production of lakes. While light-microscopy counting remains the standard for estimating phytoplankton community composition, its expense and time-consuming nature necessitate cost-effective alternatives for seston analysis. Furthermore, estimating the contribution of seston constituents other than primary producers, or non-algal particles, is not possible with light-microscopy counting. Biotracer approach using computational methods and chemotaxonomic biomarkers such as carotenoid pigments and fatty acids have been utilised as an alternative in seston analysis when species-level taxonomy is not required. However, a comprehensive testing of how well carotenoid and fatty acids can be utilised in estimating a wide range of seston phytoplankton communities using different estimation methods is lacking. To assess the accuracy of a suite of state-of-the-art biotracer-based computational methods, namely CHEMTAX, FASTAR (Fatty Acid Source-Tracking Algorithm in R), MixSIAR, and QFASA (Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis), lake water samples were collected in 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 for seston composition analysis in a boreal eutrophic lake with light-microscopy counting serving as the reference for seston composition. Absolute errors between the biotracer-based estimates were calculated to evaluate method performance. A small laboratory experiment to assess the reliability of estimating the contribution of non-algal particles using the computational methods with fatty acids was also conducted. The closest alignment to light-microscopy counting in terms of absolute error was achieved when both carotenoids and fatty acids were utilised together in the QFASA method. For CHEMTAX, FASTAR, and MixSIAR utilising carotenoids alone produced the closest results. Additionally, the estimation methods accurately assessed the proportion of non-algal particles in the seston when utilising fatty acid profiles, a capability not possible with light-microscopy counting. Our findings demonstrate that the biotracer approach provides a viable and cost-effective alternative to light-microscopy counting when group-level information of phytoplankton community composition suffices. Furthermore, we show that non-algal particles can be effectively estimated together with phytoplankton when utilising fatty acids.</p>
Dietary composition and fatty acid content of giant salmonflies (Pteronarcys californica) in two Rocky Mountain rivers
<p>Many aquatic invertebrates are declining or facing extinction from stressors that compromise physiology, resource consumption, reproduction, and phenology. However, the influence of these common stressors specifically on consumer-resource interactions for aquatic invertebrate consumers is only beginning to be understood. We conducted a field study to investigate <i>Pteronarcys californica</i> (i.e., the 'giant salmonfly'), a large-bodied insect that is ecologically and culturally significant to rivers throughout the western U.S. We sampled gut contents and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of salmonflies to compare resource consumption across river (Madison or Gallatin, Montana), sex (male or female), and habitat (rock or woody debris). We found that allochthonous detritus comprised the majority of salmonfly diets in the Gallatin and Madison Rivers, making up 68% of the gut contents on average, followed by amorphous detritus, diatoms, and filamentous algae. Diets showed little variation across river, sex, or length. Minor differences in diets were detected by habitat type, with a higher proportion of diatoms in the diets of salmonflies collected from rocky habitat compared to woody debris. Fatty acid composition generally supported the results of gut content analysis but highlighted the importance of primary producers. The presence of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) suggest consumption of diatoms and filamentous green algae, respectively. Our research underscores the importance of a healthy riparian zone that provides allochthonous detritus for invertebrate nutrition as well as the role of algae as an important source of fatty acids.</p>
Lipid metabolism, fatty acid composition and meat quality in broilers supplemented with increasing levels of defrosted black soldier fly larvae
<p>Dataset for the experiment to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of whole black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in broiler diets on lipid metabolism, fatty acid composition, and meat quality of birds. Chicks received the whole BSFL at 10%, 20%, or 30% of the feed intake of control chickens that received no BSFL but only age-specific diets. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2022.0125">https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2022.0125</a></p>
Fatty acid composition and content of seston, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fish in Lake Pyhäjärvi and Lake Köyliönjärvi
<p><span>We evaluated how cyanobacteria bloom, driven by agricultural eutrophication (defined as an increase in nutrients) or global warming, influence fatty acid profiles of phytoplankton, zooplankton (<em>Daphnia</em> + <em>Bosmina</em>), and fish (roach and perch) in eutrophic Lake Köyliöjärvi and mesotrophic Lake Pyhäjärvi. Regarding the nutritional value of food web components, we evaluated changes in the ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of phytoplankton and consumers at different trophic levels. We report the fatty acid results as percentages (%) and content (µg FA mg<sup>-1</sup> C<sup>-1</sup>).</span></p>
Dietary Essential Fatty Acid Regulation of Omega-3 HUFA Metabolism; Satiety and Body Composition
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01251887. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Modification in Complementary Food Composition to Improve the Status of Iron and Fatty Acids in Infants.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00571948. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Data from: Interactive effects of temperature acclimation and dietary fatty acids on metabolic rate and body composition of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
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Fatty acid composition and content of seston, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fish in Lake Pyhäjärvi and Lake Köyliönjärvi
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Dietary composition and fatty acid content of giant salmonflies (Pteronarcys californica) in two Rocky Mountain rivers
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Integrating pigment and fatty acid profiles for enhanced estimation of seston community composition
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Data from: Microbial composition play the leading role in volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of different scale of corn stover with rumen fluid
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Data from: Regulation of fatty acid composition related to ontogenetic changes and niche differentiation of a common aquatic consumer
<p>Fatty acids (FAs) are key nutrients for fitness which take part in multiple physiological processes over the ontogeny of organisms. Yet, we lack evidence on how FA nutrition mediates life-history trade-offs and ontogenetic niche shifts in natural populations. In a field study, we analyzed ontogenetic changes in the FAs of Eurasian perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i> L.), a widespread fish that goes through ontogenetic niche shifts and can have high individual niche specialization. Diet explained most of the variation in the FA composition of perch dorsal muscle over early ontogeny (28%), while the total length explained 23%, suggesting that perch significantly regulated FA composition over early ontogeny. Condition explained 1% of the remaining variation. 18:3n-3 (ALA) and 18:4n-3 (SDA) indicated planktivory; 18:1n-7, benthivory; and 22:6n-3 (DHA), piscivory in perch diet. Conversely, perch regulated long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as 20:5n-3 (EPA), 20:4n-6 (ARA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) over ontogeny, emphasizing the role of such FAs in early growth and sexual maturation. Adult perch increasingly retained 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9 suggesting higher energy storage in older perch. Furthermore, differences in DHA availability in diet correlated with intra-cohort differences in perch growth, potentially hindering the overall use of benthic resources and promoting earlier shifts to piscivory in littoral habitats. Overall, this study indicates that in addition to diet, internal regulation may be more important for FA composition than previously thought. Differences between FA needs and FA availability may lead to life-history trade-offs that affect the ecology of consumers, including their niche.</p>
Data from: Metabolic programming mediated by an essential fatty acid alters body composition and survival skills of a marine fish
Metabolic programming occurs when variations in nutrition during a specific developmental window result in long-term metabolic effects. It has been studied almost exclusively in humans and other mammals but never in an ecological context. Here, we report metabolic programming and its functional consequences in a marine fish, red drum. We demonstrate that maternal provisioning of eggs with an essential fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), varies with DHA content of the maternal diet. When offspring are reared on a DHA-replete diet, whole-body DHA content of offspring depends upon the amount of DHA that was in the egg. We further demonstrate that whole-body DHA content is correlated with traits related to offspring fitness (escape responses, routine swimming, growth, and survival). DHA content of red drum eggs produced in nature is in the range where the effects of metabolic programming are most pronounced. Our findings indicate that during a brief developmental window DHA plays a role in establishing the pathways for its own uptake or storage, with protracted and possibly permanent effects on ecologically important survival skills of individuals and important implications for dynamics of populations and food webs.
The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Membrane Composition and Cellular Metabolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01732003. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Fatty Acid Composition of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Infants: A Prospective and Observational Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03785990. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Oily Fish Intake, Sex, Age, BMI, and APOE Genotype on Plasma Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Composition
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03245749. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation on Human Milk Composition of Lactating Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01288313. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 21.
Data from: Metabolic programming mediated by an essential fatty acid alters body composition and survival skills of a marine fish
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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