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285 results for “flavonoids”
Long-term dietary flavonoid intake and subjective cognitive decline in US men and women
<p><b>Objective:</b> To prospectively examine the associations between long-term dietary flavonoids and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b><b> </b>We followed 49,493 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1984-2006) and 27,842 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) (1986-2002). Poisson regression was used to evaluate the associations between dietary flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, polymeric flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins) and subsequent SCD. For the NHS, long-term average dietary intake was calculated from seven repeated food frequency questionnaires (SFFQs), and SCD was assessed in 2012 and 2014. For the HPFS, average dietary intake was calculated from five repeated SFFQs, and SCD assessed in 2008 and 2012.</p> <p><b>Result</b><b>s: </b>Higher intake of total flavonoids was associated with lower odds of SCD after adjusting for age, total energy intake, major non-dietary factors, and specific dietary factors. Comparing the highest versus the lowest quintiles of total flavonoid intake, the pooled multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) of 3-unit increments in SCD was 0.81 (0.76, 0.89). In the pooled results, the strongest associations were observed for flavones (OR=0.62 [0.57, 0.68]), flavanones (0.64 [0.58, 0.68)]), and anthocyanins (0.76 [0.72, 0.84]) (<i>p</i> trend <0.0001 for all groups). The dose-response curve was steepest for flavones, followed by anthocyanins. Many flavonoid-rich foods, such as strawberries, oranges, grapefruits, citrus juices, apples/pears, celery, peppers, and bananas, were significantly associated with lower odds of SCD.</p> <p><b>Conclusion: </b>Our findings support a benefit of higher flavonoid intakes for maintaining cognitive function in US men and women.<b> </b></p>
Fig. 3 in The style and substance of plant flavonoid decoration; towards defining both structure and function
Fig. 3. Natural diversity and ratio of total methylated, phenylacylated, glycosylated and hydroxylated flavonoid per family in land plants. Flavonoid entries found in KNApSAcK (http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/top.html). (A) Land plant families found in KNApSAcK. (B) Natural diversity and ratio of total methylated, phenylacylated, glycosylated and hydroxylated flavonoid per family. (C) Total number of methylated, phenylacylated, glycosylated and hydroxylated -flavonoid in each decoration type.
Fig. 6 in Polar auxin transport May Be responsive to specific features of flavonoid structure
Fig. 6. Scutellarin changes the distribution of WOX5 in the root meristem. Spatial expression of WOX5::GFP in the root meristem. Top panel, naringenin (NA) treatments for 5 days. Bottom panel, scutellarin (S) treatments for 5 days. Bar, 30 μm.
Fig. 2 in The style and substance of plant flavonoid decoration; towards defining both structure and function
Fig. 2. Schematic overview of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in plants. Showing structures of major flavonoids and the positions of common decoration. Purple circles represent the common glycosylation positions and green circles represent the common methylation positions. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5. Flavonoids with and without 6 in Polar auxin transport May Be responsive to specific features of flavonoid structure
Fig. 5. Flavonoids with and without 6-hydroxyl groups cause different auxin distributions at the root meristem. (a) IAA concentration in A. thaliana seedlings mocktreated or treated with 100 μM scutellarin for 10 days. The values are the means ± SDs (n = 5). (b) Expression of DR5:GFP after mock treatment or treatment with 100 μM scutellarin, 100 μM scutellarein, or 100 μM naringenin for 10 days in A. thaliana root tips. White arrow, QC position. Bar, 30 μm.
Fig. 4. Flavonoids with and without 6 in Polar auxin transport May Be responsive to specific features of flavonoid structure
Fig. 4. Flavonoids with and without 6-hydroxyl groups have different effects on PAT. (a) Effects of scutellarin and scutellarein on PAT in A. thaliana root tips. Fiveday-old seedlings were mock-treated with or treated with the indicated reagents for 9 days (100 μM scutellarin, 100 μM scutellarein, 20 μM TIBA). (b) Gene expression of PIN1, PIN2 and AUX1 after mock or 100 μM scutellarin treatment for 10 days in A. thaliana roots. ** indicates that the value is significantly different from that of the mock-treated group (P <0.01, n = 3). (c) and (d) Expression of PIN1:GFP aPnd IN2:GFP in A. thaliana root tips after mock treatment or treatment with 100 μM scutellarin, 100 μM scutellarein, or 100 μM narigenin for 10 days. Bar, 100 μm.
Fig. 1 in Polar auxin transport May Be responsive to specific features of flavonoid structure
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the Arabidopsis root meristem with each cell type. QC, quiescent center. CEI, cortex/endodermal initials. VI, vascular initials. LRC, lateral root cap. Ep, epidermis initials. CSC, columella stem cells. CC, columella Cells. (b) Schematic of polar auxin transport (PAT). (c) Basic flavonoid structures. (d) Structures of all known flavonoid inhibitors of PAT (Jacobs and Rubery 1988; Geldner et al., 2001; Laffont et al., 2010; Stenlid 1976). (e) Structures of the flavonoids tested in this study.
Fig. 1 in The style and substance of plant flavonoid decoration; towards defining both structure and function
Fig. 1. Structure of major flavonoid aglycones (A). Flavones (B), Flavonols (C), Flavanones (D), Flavanols (E), Anthocyanins (F) and Isoflavones (G).
Gliflozins, sucrose and flavonoids are allosteric activators of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
<p>Computational data of publication "Gliflozins, sucrose and flavonoids are allosteric activators of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase" by Akseli Niemelä, Laura Giorgi, Sirine Nouri, Betül Yurttaş, Khushbu Rauniyar, Michael Jeltsch and Artturi Koivuniemi.</p>
A green method of extracting and recovering flavonoids from Acanthopanax senticosus using deep eutectic solvents
<p><span>In recent years, green extraction of bioactive compounds from herbal medicines has generated widespread interest. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have widely replaced traditional organic solvents in the extraction process. In this study, the efficiencies of eight tailor-made DESs in extracting flavonoids from <i>Acanthopanax senticosus</i> (AS) were compared. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the influencing parameters including ultrasonic power, HBA-HBD ratio, water content, solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time. DES composed of glycerol and levulinic acid at a 1:1 ratio was established as the most suitable extraction medium. Optimal conditions were ultrasonic power of 500W, water content of 28%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:18 g·mL<sup>-1</sup>, extraction temperature of 55℃ and extraction time of 73 minutes. The extraction yield of AS total flavonoids reached 23.928±0.071 mg·g<sup>-1</sup>, which was 86.3% and 43.8% higher compared with traditional solvent soak and ethanol reflux extraction methods, respectively. Macroporous resin (D-101, HPD-600, S-8 and AB-8) was used to recover flavonoids from extracts. The AB-8 resin showed higher adsorption/desorption performance, with a recovery rate of total flavonoids of up to 71.56±0.256%. In addition, DES solvent could be efficiently recovered through this process and reused. In summary, ultrasonic-assisted DES combined with the macroporous resin enrichment method is exceptionally effective in extracting flavonoids from AS and provides a promising environmentally friendly and recyclable strategy for flavonoid extraction from natural plant sources.</span></p>
Fig. 19 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 19. Synthesis of prenylated flavonoids 472–494 Reagents and conditions: (a): 3,3-dimethylallyl bromide, 10% KOH; (b): MOMCl, K CO, acetone, 0 ◦ C - RT; (c): 2 3 corresponding benzaldehyde, 10% KOH ethanol/H O, RT; (d): 5% HCl, MeOH/THF, reflux; (e) NaOAc, EtOH, reflux; (f) I, pyridine, 90 ◦ C.
Fig. 18 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 18. Synthesis of prenylated flavonoids (468–471). Reagents and conditions: (a) 1.3 N NaOH, acetone; 3,3-dimethylallyl bromide, benzene, reflux; (b) 3,3-dimethylallyl bromide, 10% KOH; (c) MOMCl, K CO, acetone, 0 ◦ C to RT; (d) p-methoxymethoxyl benzaldehyde, 10% KOH (H O/EtOH); (e) NaOAc, EtOH, reflux; (f) 3N 2 3 2 HCl, MeOH, reflux; (g) I, pyridine, 90 ◦ C.
Fig. 25 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 25. Synthetic route of C-6/C-8 prenylated flavonoids from natural precusor. Reagents and conditions: (a) CH3OCH2Cl, K2CO3, acetone, RT; (b) prenyl bromide, K CO, acetone, 45 ◦ C; (c) Florisil, toluene, reflux; (d) Montmorillonite K10, toluene, reflux; (e) dilute HCl (aq.), CH OH, RT.
Fig. 17 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 17. Chemical structures of prenylated flavonoids with anti-diabetes activity (445–465) and estrogenic activity (466–467).
Fig. 15 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 15. Synthesis of icaritin derivatives (403–412). Reagents and conditions: (f) α,ω-dibromoalkanes (15 equiv), K2CO3 (5 equiv), acetone, reflux, 12 h; (g) diethylamine or dimethylamine, DMSO, RT, 4 h; (h) 1-iodopentane, Cs2CO3, acetone, reflux, 12 h, then diethylamine, DMSO, RT, 4 h.
Fig. 14 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 14. Synthesis of icaritin derivatives (393–402). Reagents and conditions: (a) ethyl iodoacetate, K2CO3, acetone, reflux, 12 h; (b) LiOH, THF, H2O, RT, 1.5 h; (c) corresponding basic amino acid, DIC, HOBt, anhydrous DMF, RT, overnight, His = histidine, Arg = arginine, Lys = lysine; (d) corresponding basic amino acid, HATU, DIPEA, anhydrous DMF, RT, overnight; (e) piperidine, DMF, RT, 20 min.
Fig. 23 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 23. Synthetic route of C-8 prenylated flavonoids. Reagents and conditions: (a) CH3OCH2Cl, K2CO3, acetone, room temp., 83–90%; (b) 4-MOMO-benzaldehyde, KOH, EtOH, reflux, 85%; (c) I2, DMSO, reflux, 8 h, 70%; (d) oxone, acetone, CH2Cl2/NaHCO3/ Na2CO3, RT; then p-toluenesulfonic acid, RT, 76%; (e) dilute HCl (aq.), EtOH, RT, 89%; (f) prenyl bromide, K2CO3, acetone, reflux, 95%; (g) microwave, PhNEt2, reflux, 82%. (h) H2SO4 (20% aq.), CH3OH, reflux, 86%; (j) DDQ, 1,4-dioxane, reflux, 76%.
Fig. 10 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 10. Synthesis of isolaxifolin (369). Reagents and conditions: (a) 3-methyl-2-butenal, Ca(OH), MeOH, 18 ◦ C, 72 h; (b) Ac O, CH Cl, 18 ◦ C, 6 h; (c) 3-methyl-2- 2 2 2 2 buten-1-ol, DEAD, PPh, THF, 0–18 ◦ C, 6 h; (d) Eu(fod), CHCl, 60 ◦ C, 6 h; (e) K CO, MeOH, 0 ◦ C, 1 h.
Fig. 24 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 24. Regioselective synthesis of C-6/C-8 prenylated flavonoids. Reagents and conditions: (a) TEA, TBDMS-Cl, H2SO4, dichloromethane, room temp., 83%; (b) Prenyl alcohol, TPP, DIAD, dichloromethane, ice bath, 56%; (c) Eu(fod), toluene, 140 ◦ C, 81%; (d) NaH, pivaloyl vanilloyl chloride (aq.), tetrahydrofuran, reflux, 3 85%; (e) CuCl, TMS-Cl, dry acetonitrile, RT, 60%; (f) i TBAF (aq.) dry tetrahydrofuran ii Pyrrolidine, H SO, 60%; (g) Pivaloyl chloride, DMAP, dry pyridine, 40 ◦ C, 2 2 4 15 min, H SO dilution; (h) TFA, dichloromethane, water, 30 ◦ C, 72%.
Fig. 7 in A comprehensive review: Biological activity, modification and synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids
Fig. 7. Synthesis of icaritin derivatives (237–272). Reagents and conditions: i. bromo-carboxylic acid ethyl esters (2.5–4.0 equiv.), acetone, K2CO3, reflux, 6 h; ii. bromo-carboxylic acid ethyl esters (1.0–1.5 equiv.), acetone, K2CO3, reflux, 6 h; iii. NaOH, MeOH/H2O (2:1), rt, 4 h; iv. glutaric anhydride, DMAP, TEA, DCM, rt, 8 h.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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OpenNeuro
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