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carafe_foot_laying_23
This is the process of making a carafe Bontemps. The step depicted is called "carafe_foot_laying"(from the Mingei project).
carafe_foot_laying_16
This is the process of making a carafe Bontemps. The step depicted is called "carafe_foot_laying"(from the Mingei project).
carafe_foot_laying_24
This is the process of making a carafe Bontemps. The step depicted is called "carafe_foot_laying"(from the Mingei project).
carafe_foot_laying_13
This is the process of making a carafe Bontemps. The step depicted is called "carafe_foot_laying"(from the Mingei project).
carafe_foot_laying_09
This is the process of making a carafe Bontemps. The step depicted is called "carafe_foot_laying"(from the Mingei project).
carafe_foot_laying_08
This is the process of making a carafe Bontemps. The step depicted is called "carafe_foot_laying"(from the Mingei project).
carafe_foot_laying_18
This is the process of making a carafe Bontemps. The step depicted is called "carafe_foot_laying"(from the Mingei project).
Rakhtera (रखतेरा Guna, Madhya Pradesh). Inscription above foot prints near a large rock-cut image of Ādinātha
<p><a href="https://siddham.network/inscription/vs1555/">INIG1555</a> Rakhetra or Rakhtera (रखतेरा Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh). Inscription above foot prints near a large rock-cut image of Ādinātha.</p>
SBC LTER: Land: Hydrology: Stream discharge and associated parameters at Carpinteria Creek, 8th St Foot Bridge (CP00)
Stream Discharge and water temperature were collected with a Solinst Model 3001 LT Levelogger at Carpinteria Creek, 8th St Foot Bridge in the Santa Barbara coastal area (site ID: CP00). Data are reported hourly. Stage values were converted to discharge using a rating curve developed with stream channel cross-sections, roughness estimates and the HEC-RAS model.
Glass_Procedure_leg_and_foot_laying_Mingei
Documentation material from the Mingei project
Rakhtera (रखतेरा Guna). Inscription above foot prints near a large rock-cut image of Ādinātha.
<p><a href="https://siddham.network/inscription/vs1555/">INIG1555</a> Rakhetra (रखतेरा Guna). Inscription (IN1555 IG) above foot prints (OB1555 IG) near a large rock-cut image of Ādinātha.</p>
Rakhterā (रखतेरा or Rakhetrā, Ashoknagar). General view of the niche with foot prints near a large rock-cut image of Ādinātha.
<p><a href="https://siddham.network/object/vs1555/">OBIG1555</a> Rakhterā (रखतेरा or Rakhetrā, Ashoknagar). General view of the niche with foot prints near a large rock-cut image of Ādinātha.</p>
Development and validation of statistical shape models of the primary functional bone segments of the foot.
<p>This dataset comprises manually segmented three-dimensional point clouds (.STL) of magnetic resonance images of the primary functional segments of the foot - first metatarsal, midfoot (second-to-fifth metatarsals, cuneiforms, cuboid, and navicular), calcaneus, and talus. These data were used to create statistical shape models of the foot bones, utilising the GIAS2 toolbox (https://pypi.org/project/gias2/).</p>
Effect of foot disturbance to cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts on microbes and nitrogen in Chihuhuahan grassland and shrubland
Interactions between plants and soil microbes influence plant nutrient transformations, including nitrogen (N) fixation, nutrient mineralization, and resource exchanges through fungal networks. Physical disturbances to soils can disrupt soil microbes and associated processes that support plant and microbial productivity. In low resource drylands, biological soil crusts ("biocrusts") occupy surface soils and house key autotrophic and diazotrophic bacteria, non-vascular plants, or lichens. Interactions among biocrusts, plants, and fungal networks between them are hypothesized to drive carbon and nutrient dynamics; however, comparisons across ecosystems are needed to generalize how soil disturbances alter microbial communities and their contributions to N pools and transformations. To evaluate linkages among plants, fungi, and biocrusts, we disturbed all unvegetated surfaces with human foot trampling twice yearly in dry conditions from 2013-2018 in cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts in Chihuahuan Desert grassland and shrubland ecosystems. Our study included microbial communities and N pools sampled at different time points in the disturbance treatments at one or both sites. We began our sampling after observations in April 2018 that the chlorophyll a content was at least double in control than disturbed plots in both ecosystems (Chung et al. 2019). Stomping occurred in May, and we collected soil and plant samples in June 2018 for N pools and soil and root fungal abundance. We collected additional soil samples in September 2018 and conducted the 15N tracer experiment to observe rates of N transfer from biocrust to plants before the fall stomp treatment in October. We collected chlorophyll a samples and soils for sequencing bacteria in September of 2019, also before the fall stomp treatment.
Is sexual conflict a driver of speciation? a case study with a tribe of brush-footed butterflies
Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms governing the uneven distribution of species richness across the tree of life is a great challenge in biology. Scientists have long argued that sexual conflict is a key driver of speciation. This hypothesis, however, has been highly debated in light of empirical evidence. Recent advances in the study of macroevolution make it possible to test this hypothesis with more data and increased accuracy. In the present study, we use phylogenomics combined with four different diversification rate analytical approaches to test whether sexual conflict is a driver of speciation in brush-footed butterflies of the tribe Acraeini. The presence of sphragis, an external mating plug found in most species among Acraeini, was used as a proxy for sexual conflict. Diversification analyses statistically reject the hypothesis that sexual conflict is associated with shifts in diversification rates in Acraeini. This result contrasts with earlier studies and suggests that the underlying mechanisms driving diversification are more complex than previously considered. In the case of butterflies, natural history traits acting in concert with abiotic factors possibly play a stronger role in triggering speciation than does sexual conflict.
PsPM-SCRV10: Skin conductance responses to loud sounds, simultanously recorded from palm, fingers and foot
<p>This dataset includes skin conductance response (SCR) measurements recorded from 3 locations (see section 'Data files' below) for each of 26 healthy unmedicated participants (12 males and 14 females aged 24.4+/-4.9 years) in response to an auditory stimulus (single white noise bursts, 1s length; 10ms ramp; ~85dB). Participants are asked to press a foot pedal upon hearing a stimulus.</p>
Red-footed and masked boobies stable isotope data
<p>Animals that co-occur in a region (sympatry) may share the same environment (syntopy), and niche differentiation is expected among closely related species competing for resources. The masked booby (<em>Sula dactylatra</em>) and smaller congeneric red-footed booby (<em>Sula sula</em>) share breeding grounds. In addition to the inter-specific size difference, females of both species are also larger than the respective males (reversed sexual size dimorphism). Although both boobies consume similar prey, sometimes in mixed-species flocks, each species and sex may specialize in terms of their diet or foraging habitats. We examined inter- and intra-specific differences in isotopic values (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) in these pelagically feeding booby species during the incubation period at Clarion Island, Mexico, to quantify the degrees of inter- and intra-specific niche partitioning throughout the annual cycle. During incubation, both species preyed mainly on flyingfish and squid, but masked boobies had heavier food loads than red-footed boobies. There was no overlap in isotopic niches between masked and red-footed boobies during breeding (determined from whole blood), but there was a slight overlap during the non-breeding period (determined from body feathers). Female masked boobies had a higher trophic position than conspecific males during breeding; however, no such pattern was detected in red-footed boobies. These results provide evidence of inter- and intra-specific niche partitioning in these tropical seabird species, particularly during the breeding period and in the more dimorphic species. Our results suggest that these closely related species use different strategies to cope with the same tropical marine environment.</p>
How new communication behaviors evolve: Androgens as modifiers of neuromotor structure and function in foot-flagging frogs
<p>How diverse animal communication signals have arisen is a question that has fascinated many. <em>Xenopus</em> frogs have been a model system used for three decades to reveal insights into the neuroendocrine mechanisms and evolution of vocal diversity. Due to the ease of studying central nervous system control of the laryngeal muscles <em>in vitro</em>, <em>Xenopus</em> has helped us understand how variation in communication signals between sexes and between species is produced at the molecular, cellular, and systems levels. Yet, it is becoming easier to make similar advances in non-model organisms. Here, we summarize our research on a group of frog species that have evolved a novel hind limb signal known as 'foot flagging.' We have shown that the evolution of foot flagging in multiple species is accompanied by the evolution of higher androgen hormone sensitivity in the leg muscles and an increased density of spinal interneurons in the neuromotor system that controls the hind limb. Comparing this work to prior work in <em>Xenopus</em>, we highlight which patterns of hormone sensitivity and neural circuit properties are shared between <em>Xenopus</em> and foot-flagging frogs and which appear to be species-specific. Overall, we aim to illustrate the power of drawing inspiration from experiments in model organisms, in which the mechanistic details have been worked out, and then apply these ideas to a non-traditional model species to reveal new details, further complexities, and fresh hypotheses.</p>
Foot anomalies in four post-medieval, Dutch populations (17th-19th century)
<p>This dataset was compiled for the master's thesis "Familiar Feet. Kinship analysis using foot anomalies in the cemetery of Middenbeemster (Netherlands, 17th to 19th century)" at Leiden University (Netherlands) by the author. The thesis was submitted on June 15th, 2021 (<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3204807">https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3204807</a>). The data was collected in the period from January to May 2021 at the Laboratory of Human Osteoarchaeology at Leiden University.</p> <p>It includes the data of 380 adult individuals from four different post-medieval, Dutch populations: the rural population of Middenbeemster (MB) (Hakvoort 2013) and the urban populations of Eindhoven (Catharinakerk) (EH) (Arts 2013), Zwolle (Broerenkerk) (ZW) (Clevis and Constandse-Westermann 1992) and Arnhem (Eusebiuskerk) (AR) (Baetsen et al. 2018). For every individual, an estimate of sex and age-at-death was collected. If a DNA analysis was performed, then this result was used instead of an estimation. The sex estimations of the individuals were based on pelvic and cranial morphology (Bainbridge & Genoves Tarazaga, 1956; Bass, 1987; Buikstra & Ubelaker, 1997; Maat & Mastwijk, 2009; McCormick et al., 1991; Phenice, 1969; Stewart, 1979; Steyn & Işcan, 1999; Workshop for European Anthropologists (WEA), 1980) and were supported by archival data. For the Eindhoven collection, the DNA-determined sex estimations took precedence over the estimations by traditional bioarchaeological techniques (Baetsen & Weterings-Korthorst, 2013). The used abbreviations are M = male, PM = probable male, I = indeterminate, PF = probable female, F = female. <br> Age-at-death estimations were made according to traditional bioarchaeological techniques (Brooks & Suchey, 1990; Buckberry & Chamberlain, 2002; İşcan et al., 1984, 1985; Lovejoy et al., 1985; Maat, 2001; Meindle & Lovejoy, 1985; Todd, 1920). The used abbreviations are EYA = early young adult, LYA = late young adult, MA = middle adult, OA = old adult.</p> <p>The foot anomalies included are accessory navicular (AccessNav), brachydactyly D (BrachyD), brachydactyly of the first metatarsal (BrachyMT1), brachydactyly of the fourth metatarsal (BrachyMT4), brachydactyly of the first proximal phalanx (BrachyPP1), calcaneocuboid coalition (CalcCubCoal), calcaneonavicular coalition (CalcNavCoal), coalition between the intermediate and lateral cuneiform (CF2CF3Coal), coalition between the lateral cuneiform and the third metatarsal (CF3MT3Coal), talocalcaneal coalition (TaloCalcCoal), talonavicular coalition (TaloNavCoal) and os intermetatarseum with the medial cuneiform (CF1Intermet), the first metatarsal (MT1Intermet) and/or the second metatarsal (MT2Intermet) involved. The scoring itself was performed without prior knowledge of skeletal data like sex and age to avoid observer bias. The trait could be marked absent (0), present (1), indiscernible if the bone was damaged (6), or missing if the bone was not present (9) for each separate foot (left (L) or right (R) side). Tarsal coalitions were scored if at least one of the two bones could be marked “absent/present”. In the remarks, some of the found lesions are described in more detail.</p> <p>For some of the individuals, there is archival data available. This is indicated with 'Yes' or 'No' in the 'Archive data?' column. For the Middenbeemster population, the location of the individual graves was determined from the grave polygons in the excavation data in QGIS by calculating the centroids of these polygons and resulted in a single pair of (x, y) coordinates.</p> <p>This dataset was used to identify probable genetic relatives within the Middenbeemster skeeltal collection through developmental foot anomalies and to analyse the spatial structure of the Middenbeemster cemetery in the context of intracemetery kinship relations. The Middenbeemster trait frequencies for these anomalies were compared to those of a reference sample of the post-medieval Dutch population (consisting of individuals from the Dutch post-medieval collections of Arnhem, Eindhoven, Zwolle). A hypothetical kinship group could be identified when the trait frequencies of the Middenbeemster sample were considerably higher than those in the reference sample. Other sources had only limited validation value in relation to the hypothesis. Visual examination and spatial statistics of the distribution of the hypothetical kinship group revealed a possible patrilineally structured cemetery, although this is based on a small sample. By putting the observed trait frequencies in a broader context, the data suggested a rather high inter-relatedness of the Middenbeemster community. It also exposed the need for a better understanding of the used traits and perhaps a different approach to kinship analysis (due to necessarily large time investment in contrast to limited results). In conclusion, this study gave an insight into the social structure of post-medieval Dutch communities. Future improvements to kinship analysis may not only be beneficial for bioarchaeology, but also for other fields such as forensic anthropology.<br> For more information on this research, see the thesis (<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3204807">https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3204807</a>) or the article published in <em>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</em> (DOI: 10.1002/oa.3100).</p> <p> </p> <p>References:</p> <p>Arts, Nico. 2013. Een knekelveld maakt geschiedenis. Het archeologisch onderzoek van het koor en het grafveld van de middeleeuwse Catharinakerk in Eindhoven, circa 1200-1850. Rapport 22. Utrecht: Uitgeverij Matrijs.</p> <p>Baetsen, Steffen, Willem Baetsen, Martijn Defilet, and Gerben Zielman. 2018. ‘Sint-Jansbeek brengt Oude Kerkhof boven water. Graven bij de Arnhemse Eusebiuskerk’. Archeologie in Nederland 3: 34–43.</p> <p>Baetsen, Steffen, and L. Weterings-Korthorst. 2013. ‘De menselijke overblijfselen’. In Een knekelveld maakt geschiedenis. Het archeologisch onderzoek van het koor en het grafveld van de middeleeuwse Catharinakerk in Eindhoven, circa 1200-1850, edited by Nico Arts and E. Altena, 288. Utrecht: Uitgeverij Matrijs.</p> <p>Bainbridge, D., and S. Genoves Tarazaga. 1956. ‘A Study of Sex Differences in the Scapula’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 86 (2): 109–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/2843994.</p> <p>Bass, W. M. 1987. Human Osteology: A laboratory and Field Manual. Missouri Archaeological Society. Special Publication 2. Columbia (Mo): Missouri Archaeological Society.</p> <p>Brooks, S., and J. M. Suchey. 1990. ‘Skeletal Age Determination Based on the Os Pubis: A Comparison of the Acsadi-Nemeskeri and Suchey-Brooks Methods’. Human Evolution 5 (3): 227–38.</p> <p>Buckberry, J.L., and A.T. Chamberlain. 2002. ‘Age Estimation from the Auricular Surface of the Ilium: A Revised Method’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 119 (3): 231–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10130.</p> <p>Buikstra, Jane E., and Douglas H. Ubelaker. 1997. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. 3rd ed. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series 44. Fayetteville, Arkansas: Arkansas Archaeological Survey.</p> <p>Clevis, Hemmy, and T. S. Constandse-Westermann. 1992. De doden vertellen: opgraving in de Broerekerk te Zwolle 1987-1988. Kampen: Stichting Archeologie IJssel/Vechtstreek III.</p> <p>Hakvoort, A. 2013. ‘De begravingen bij de Keyserkerk te Middenbeemster’. Hollandia Reeks 464. Hollandia Reeks. Zaandijk: Hollandia Archeologen.</p> <p>İşcan, M. Y., S. R. Loth, and R. K. Wright. 1985. ‘Age Estimation from the Rib by Phase Analysis: White Females’. Journal of Forensic Sciences 30 (3): 853–63.</p> <p>İşcan, M. Yaşar, Susan R. Loth, and Ronald K. Wright. 1984. ‘Metamorphosis at the Sternal Rib End: A New Method to Estimate Age at Death in White Males’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 65 (2): 147–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330650206.</p> <p>Lovejoy, C. Owen, Richard S. Meindl, Thomas R. Pryzbeck, and Robert P. Mensforth. 1985. ‘Chronological Metamorphosis of the Auricular Surface of the Ilium: A New Method for the Determination of Adult Skeletal Age at Death’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68 (1): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330680103.</p> <p>Maat, G. J. R., and R. W. Mastwijk. 2009. Manual for the Physical Anthropological Report. 6th ed. Barge’s Anthropologica 6. Leiden: Barge’s Anthropologica.</p> <p>Maat, George J. R. 2001. ‘Diet and Age-At-Death. Determination from Molar Attrition: A Review Related to the Low Countries’. The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology 19: 18–21.</p> <p>McCormick, W. F., J. H. Stewart, and H. Greene. 1991. ‘Sexing of Human Clavicles Using Length and Circumference Measurements’. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 12 (2): 175–81. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000433-199106000-00017.</p> <p>Meindl, Richard S., and C. Owen Lovejoy. 1985. ‘Ectocranial Suture Closure: A Revised Method for the Determination of Skeletal Age at Death Based on the Lateral-Anterior Sutures’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68 (1): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330680106.</p> <p>Phenice, T. W. 1969. ‘A Newly Developed Visual Method of Sexing the Os Pubis’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 30 (2): 297–301. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330300214.</p> <p>Stewart, T. D. 1979. Essentials of Forensic Anthropology. Springfield (Ill.): C. C. Thomas.</p> <p>Steyn, M., and M. Y. Işcan. 1999. ‘Osteometric Variation in the Humerus: Sexual Dimorphism in South Africans’. Forensic Science International 106 (2): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00141-3.</p> <p>Todd, T. 1920. ‘Age Changes in the Pubic Bones, I: The White Male Pubis’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 3: 285–334.</p> <p>Workshop for European Anthropologists (WEA). 1980. ‘Recommendations for Age and Sex Diagnoses of the Skeleton’. Journal of Human Evolution 9: 517–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2005.07.002.</p> <p> </p>
Incidence and predictor of diabetic foot ulcer and its association with change in fasting blood sugar among diabetes mellitus patients at referral hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
<p>Abstract</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Diabetes mellitus is one of the global public health problems and fasting blood sugar is an important indicator of diabetes management. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to diabetic foot ulcers, which is a common and disabling complication. The association between fasting blood glucose level and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers is rarely considered, and knowing its predictors is good for clinical decision-making. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of diabetic foot ulcers and its association with changes in fasting blood sugar among diabetes mellitus patients at referral hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>A multicenter retrospective follow-up study was conducted at a referral hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 539 newly diagnosed DM patients who had follow-up from 2010 to 2020 were selected using a computer-generated simple random sampling technique. Data was entered using Epi-Data 4.6 and analyzed in R software version 4.1. A Cox proportional hazard with a linear mixed effect model was jointly modeled and 95% Cl was used to select significant variables. AIC and BIC were used for model comparison.</p> <p><strong>Result</strong></p> <p>A total of 539 diabetes patients were followed for a total of 28727.53 person-month observations. Overall, 65 (12.1%) patients developed diabetic foot ulcers with incidence rate of 2.26/1000-person month observation with a 95% CI of [1.77, 2.88]. Being rural (AHR= 2.30, 95%CI: [1.23, 4.29]), being a DM patient with Diabetic Neuropathy (AHR= 2.61, 95%CI: [1.12, 6.06]), and having peripheral arterial disease(PAD) (AHR= 2.96, 95%CI: [1.37, 6.40]) were significant predictors of DFU. The time-dependent lagged value of fasting blood sugar change was significantly associated to the incident of DFU (α = 1.85, AHR=6.35, 95%CI [2.40, 16.79]).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation</strong></p> <p>In this study, the incidence of DFU was higher than in previous studies and was influenced by multiple factors like rural residence, having neuropathy, and PAD were significant predictors of the incidence of DFU. In addition, longitudinal changes in fasting blood sugar were associated with an increased risk of DFU. Health professionals and DM patients should give greater attention to the identified risk factors for DFU were recommended.</p>
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