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93 results for “fruit trees”
Fruiting trees provide fruit and insect resources for four tropical deer species
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Data from: Effects of frugivore species pool and seed size on the diversity and functional composition of frugivores visiting fruiting trees
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Data from: Seasonality in the equatorial tropics: Flower, fruit and leaf phenology of montane trees in the highlands of southwest Uganda
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Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part II)
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Data from: Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy-fruited tree
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Data from: Fruit traits of pioneer trees structure seed dispersal across distances on tropical deforested landscapes: implications for restoration
<ol> <li>Pioneer trees with fleshy fruits are typically planted in restoration projects to attract frugivores as a mean to increase dispersal and accelerate forest regeneration. However, differences in fruit traits of pioneer trees can potentially influence dispersal and their restoration outcomes.</li> <li>Here we investigated the effects of bird and plant traits, and distance to forest fragments, on the seed rain using a tree-planting experiment replicated in 12 deforested sites in Brazil. Factors were fruit traits of pioneer trees (wind-dispersed, bird-dispersed with lipids or with carbohydrates, and controls) and distance (10, 50, 300 m) from forest fragments.</li> <li>We found that density and richness of birds and seeds decreased exponentially with distance from fragments, yet these effects were minor compared to the effects of fruit traits on the structure of the seed rain.</li> <li>Overall, plots with fleshy-fruited pioneers attracted much greater bird activity and seed dispersal than plots with wind-dispersal pioneers and the controls. For instance, plots with carbohydrate-rich fruits received more than twice the average species richness and density of birds and seeds of plots with lipid-rich pioneer trees, surpassing wind-dispersed pioneers by more than 80%, and controls by over 90%. Furthermore, the fruit trait treatments resulted in morphological shifts in the average traits of visiting birds. Significant differences in bill gape and flight capacities (wing-loading) were associated with the differences in the seed rain associated with each treatments.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Understanding how trait-matching processes mediating mutualistic seed dispersal by frugivores interact with distance-dependent dispersal limitation on deforested tropical landscapes is critical for improving forest restoration efforts. This is especially relevant in the context of applied nucleation. As shown here, avian seed dispersal can thus be manipulated in restoration projects in order to increase connectivity and speed up forest recovery and the provision of the multiple ecosystem services that follow forest succession.</li> </ol>
Data from: Quantifying the damage caused by fruit bats to backyard lychee trees in Mauritius and evaluating the benefits of protective netting
The Mauritius fruit bat (Pteropus niger) has been the subject of repeated culling campaigns, apparently in response to pressure from the fruit-growing industry concerned over damage to commercially valuable orchard crops such as lychees. More than 31,000 fruit-bearing lychee trees also exist in private backyards making this an issue pertinent to a wide cross-section of the Mauritian general public and not just those involved in commercial fruit production. The level of damage caused by bats to fruit crops is often debated and the low number of robust damage assessment studies hampers mitigation efforts. During the fruiting season of 2016/2017, we assessed the damage among backyard lychee trees attributable to fruit bats and other causes around Vacoas-Phoenix, Central Mauritius and evaluated the impact of using protective netting as a mitigation strategy. Fruit yield from panicles that were protected from depredation by nylon netting was approximately one third greater than that from unprotected panicles. We suspect that fruit bats were responsible for approximately 42% of the total damage but illustrate the difficulties in attributing damage to a single cause in such assessments. Although we demonstrate the value of protective netting we recognize that barriers to implementation exist and that a more holistic approach that incorporates crop protection, forest restoration strategies and addresses negative public attitudes towards bats in general is required to ensure the persistence of this endemic species.
Data from: Intraspecific variation in seed dispersal of a Neotropical tree and its relationship to fruit and tree traits
The distribution of wind-dispersed seeds around a parent tree depends on diaspore and tree traits, as well as wind conditions and surrounding vegetation. This study of a neotropical canopy tree, Platypodium elegans, explored the extent to which parental variation in diaspore and tree traits explained (1) rate of diaspore descent in still air, (2) distributions of diaspores dispersed from a 40-m tower in the forest, and (3) natural diaspore distributions around the parent tree. The geometric mean rate of descent in still air among 20 parents was highly correlated with geometric mean wing loading1/2 (r = 0.84). However, diaspore traits and rate of descent predicted less variation in dispersal distance from the tower, although descent rate−1 consistently correlated with dispersal distance. Measured seed shadows, particularly their distribution edges, differed significantly among six parents (DBH range 62–181 cm) and were best fit by six separate anisotropic dispersal kernels and surveyed fecundities. Measured rate of descent and tree traits, combined in a mechanistic seed dispersal model, did not significantly explain variation among parents in natural seed dispersal distances, perhaps due to the limited power to detect effects with only six trees. Seedling and sapling distributions were at a greater mean distance from the parents than seed distributions; saplings were heavily concentrated at far distances. Variation among parents in the distribution tails so critical for recruitment could not be explained by measured diaspore or tree traits with this sample size, and may be determined more by wind patterns and the timing of abscission in relation to wind conditions. Studies of wind dispersal need to devote greater field efforts at recording the "rare" dispersal events that contribute to far dispersal distances, following their consequences, and in understanding the mechanisms that generate them.
Data from: The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven Neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama
Secondary compounds in fruit mediate interactions with natural enemies and seed dispersers, influencing plant survival and species distributions. The functions of secondary metabolites in plant defenses have been well-studied in green tissues, but not in reproductive structures of plants. In this study, the distribution of toxicity within plants was quantified and its influence on seed survival was determined in Central Panama. To investigate patterns of allocation to chemical defenses and shifts in allocation with fruit development, I quantified variation in toxicity between immature and mature fruit and between the seed and pericarp for eleven species. Toxicity of seed and pericarp was compared to leaf toxicity for five species. Toxicity was measured as reduced hyphal growth of two fungal pathogens, Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp., and reduced survivorship of brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, across a range of concentrations of crude extract. I used these measures of potential toxicity against generalist natural enemies to examine the effect of fruit toxicity on reductions of fruit development and seed survival by vertebrates, invertebrates, and pathogens measured for seven species in a natural enemy removal experiment. The seed or pericarp of all vertebrate- and wind-dispersed species reduced Artemia survivorship and hyphal growth of Fusarium during the immature and mature stages. Only mature fruit of two vertebrate-dispersed species reduced hyphal growth of Phoma. Predispersal seed survival increased with toxicity of immature fruit to Artemia during germination and decreased with toxicity to fungi during fruit development. This study suggests that fruit toxicity against generalist natural enemies may be common in Central Panama. These results support the hypothesis that secondary metabolites in fruit have adaptive value and are important in the evolution of fruit-frugivore interactions.
FIGURES 8–16 in The identity of Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance) (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a potential pest of fruit trees in the United States and beyond
FIGURES 8–16, Paraleyrodes spp, male genitalia. 8, P. p e r s e a e, genital segment, with aedeagus in oblique aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 9, P. p e r s ea e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Persea americana, Nicaragua (Martin); 10, P. p e r s e a e, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus limon, Florida (Morrill); 11, P. citricolus Costa Lima, aedeagus in lateral aspect, Citrus sinensis, Madeira (Aguiar); 12, P. a n c o r a Martin, aedeagus of holotype, in dorsal aspect,?Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 13, P. ancora Martin, aedeagus of paratype, in lateral aspect,?Lasianthaea sp., Belize (Martin); 14, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, (no host data) Florida (Williams); 15, Paraleyrodes sp., aedeagus, in dorsal aspect, Citrus sp., Florida (Dowell); 16, Paraleyrodes sp, aedeagus and claspers in dorsal aspect, Florida, reproduced from Quaintance (1909) where this was incorrectly stated to be P. p ers eae.
FIGURES 5–7 in The identity of Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance) (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a potential pest of fruit trees in the United States and beyond
FIGURES 5–7, Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance), puparium. 5, puparial margin, outersubmarginal glands, submarginal setae, large abdominal compound pores, small compound pore on abdominal segment III, bright pores and adjacent spines, and posterior thoracic cicatrice; 6, posterodorsal detail, with vasiform orifice, operculum, lingula, eighth abdominal setae, outersubmarginal glands and submarginal & posterior marginal setae; 7, stylised drawing of large compound pore.
FIGURES 3–4 in The identity of Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance) (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a potential pest of fruit trees in the United States and beyond
FIGURES 3–4, Paraleyrodes spp. exBelize. 3, feeding puparium, showing characteristic annulus of wax fragments and five pairs of waxy filaments issuing from the large compound pores; 4, characteristic wax curls on parasitised puparium (see discussion on p. 44).
FIGURES 1–2 in The identity of Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance) (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a potential pest of fruit trees in the United States and beyond
FIGURES 1–2, Paraleyrodes spp. exBelize. 1, oviposition "nest" with eggs visible inside; 2, adult male, showing characteristic long singlesegment antennal flagellum.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Amazonian Bolivia: first evidence of tree frog breeding in fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree
FIGURE 3. (A) Palmar, and (B) plantar views of right hand and foot of the holotype of Osteocephalus castaneicola sp. n. (CBF 6051). Scale bar equals 5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Amazonian Bolivia: first evidence of tree frog breeding in fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree
FIGURE 4. Schematic map of northern Bolivia showing the known distribution of Osteocephalus castaneicola sp. n. in Bolivia: (1) San Antonio del Matti, (2) San Antonio de Filadelfia (type locality).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Amazonian Bolivia: first evidence of tree frog breeding in fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree
FIGURE 1. The majority rule consensus tree of the Bayesian phylogeny of the frog genus Osteocephalus, using mitochondrial 12S rRNA – tRNA-Val – 16S rRNA data. Nodal support, Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and maximum likelihood (PhyML) bootstrap (1000 pseudoreplicates), are indicated. Collapsed branches were supported <50 % bootstrap and <0.50 BPP. The asterisk denotes the tadpole sample from a water-filled fruit capsule of the Brazil nut tree. Osteocephalus "oophagus" no. AF467267 may represent O. cabrerai according to Fouquet et al. (2007, Supporting Information).
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Amazonian Bolivia: first evidence of tree frog breeding in fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Osteocephalus castaneicola sp. n. (CBF 6051) in life, (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. (C) Adult female paratype of Osteocephalus castaneicola sp. n. (CBF 6052) in life. (D) Night colouration of adult male paratype of Osteocephalus castaneicola sp. n. (NMP6V 73810/2) under natural conditions. (E) Newly metamorphosed juvenile of Osteocephalus castaneicola sp. n. (F) Adult male of Osteocephalus sp. (B) (NMP6V 73105) from Canadá (Bolivia, Pando) in life.
FIGURE 8. Aculus pitangae A in Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from fruit trees in Northeastern Brazil—a new genus, three new species and a redescription
FIGURE 8. Aculus pitangae A. dorsal habitus, female; B. ventral habitus, female; C. prodorsal shield; D. frontal lobe; E. genitalia, male; F. epigynum; G. apical seta abruptly curved upwards; H. leg II, female; I. leg I, female.
FIGURE 6. Dichopelmus ibapitanga n in Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from fruit trees in Northeastern Brazil—a new genus, three new species and a redescription
FIGURE 6. Dichopelmus ibapitanga n. sp. A. dorsal habitus, female, droplets of wax on its body; B. ventral habitus, female; C. lateral habitus, female; D. genitalia, male; E. epigynum; F. prodorsal shield; G. leg I, female; I. leg II, female.
FIGURE 4. Davisella spondias n in Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from fruit trees in Northeastern Brazil—a new genus, three new species and a redescription
FIGURE 4. Davisella spondias n. sp. A. dorsal habitus, female; B. ventral habitus, female; C. lateral habitus, female; D. epigynum; E. prodorsal shield; F. genitalia, male; G. empodium, female; H. leg I and leg II, female.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.