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30 results for “giant kelp”
A song of wind and ice: increased frequency of marine cold-spells in southwestern Patagonia and their possible effects on giant kelp forests
<p><span>In contrast to other coastal regions of the world, the giant kelp (</span><span>Macrocystis pyrifera</span><span>) </span><span> </span><span>ecosystem</span> <span>in</span> <span>southwestern</span> <span>Patagonia has been persistent in area and associated biodi</span><span>versity in the last decades. In this ecoregion, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) records have </span><span>consistently</span> <span>remained</span> <span>below</span> <span>the</span> <span>upper</span> <span>thermal</span> <span>threshold</span> <span>for</span> <span>kelp</span> <span>survival, however no </span><span>studies have analysed the spatiotemporal variability of SSTs and their anomalies across </span><span>the</span> <span>geographical</span> <span>diversity of the southwestern Patagonian coastline. We explored the </span><span>geographical</span> <span>distribution of extreme warm and cold events in this region from latitudes </span><span>47</span><span>° </span><span>to 56</span><span>° </span><span>S in a range of 1,000 km, identifying the dates and spatial distribution of </span><span>Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) and Marine Cold-Spells (MCSs) from 1982 to 2020. Results </span><span>sho</span><span>w</span> <span>that</span> <span>a peak in the number of </span><span>MHWs</span><span> occurred in the </span><span>great</span> <span>El</span> <span>Ni</span><span>n</span><span>o</span> <span>y</span><span>ear</span> <span>of</span> <span>1998. </span><span>Additionally, the 2014-2019 period has had more severe and extreme MCSs than the pre</span><span>vious decades. We discuss the origin of these events with a focus on three main processes: 1</span><span>) geographically constrained cold events caused by glacier melting, 2) regional cold events </span><span>caused by extreme winds linked to the position of the polar front, and 3) extensive SST </span><span>anomalies</span> <span>link</span><span>ed</span> <span>to planetary-scale events such as El Nino and La Nina. Overall, those </span><span>processes were conductive to counteract global warming trends locally/regionally, high</span><span>lighting</span> <span>southwestern Patagonia as a possible climatic refugium for the giant kelp ecosys</span><span>tem. Despite this, the effects of freshwater inputs and storm turbulence on the exposed </span><span>coasts facing the Southern Ocean may cause new kinds of stress on this ecosystem.</span></p>
A song of wind and ice: increased frequency of marine cold-spells in southwestern Patagonia and their possible effects on giant kelp forests
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Demography and dynamics of Giant Kelp cohorts across four decades: Lessons for conservation and resilience planning
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A species distribution model of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera: Worldwide changes and a focus on the Southeast Pacific
<p>Worldwide climate-driven shifts in the distribution of species is of special concern when it involves habitat-forming species. In the coastal environment, large Laminarian algae—kelps—form key coastal ecosystems that support complex and diverse food webs. Among kelps, <em>Macrocystis pyrifera</em> is the most widely distributed habitat-formingspecies and provides essential ecosystem services. This study aimed to establish the main drivers of future distributional changes on a global scale and use them to predict future habitat suitability. Using species distribution models (SDM), we examined the changes in global distribution of <em>M. pyrifera</em> under different emission scenarios with a focus on the Southeast Pacific shores. To constrain the drivers of our simulations to the most important factors controlling kelp forest distribution across spatial scales, we explored a suite of environmental variables and validated the predictions derived from the SDMs. Minimum sea surface temperature was the single most important variable explaining the global distribution of suitable habitat for <em>M. pyrifera</em>. Under different climate change scenarios, we always observed a decrease of suitable habitat at low latitudes, while an increase was detected in other regions, mostly at high latitudes. Along the Southeast Pacific, we observed an upper range contraction of −17.08° S of latitude for 2090–2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario, implying a loss of habitat suitability throughout the coast of Peru and poleward to −27.83° S in Chile. Along the area of Northern Chile where a complete habitat loss is predicted by our model, natural stands are under heavy exploitation. The loss of habitat suitability will take place worldwide: Significant impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are likely. Furthermore, changes in habitat suitability are a harbinger of massive impacts in the socio-ecological systems of the Southeast Pacific.</p>
A species distribution model of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera: Worldwide changes and a focus on the Southeast Pacific
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Beagle kelp maps from: One of the least disturbed marine coastal ecosystems on Earth: Spatial and temporal persistence of Darwin's sub-Antarctic giant kelp forests
<p>Aim: Marine habitats and their dynamics are difficult to systematically monitor, particularly those in remote locations. This is the case with the sub-Antarctic ecosystem of the giant kelp <i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i>, which was already noted by Charles Darwin in his accounts on the <i>Voyage of the Beagle</i> and recorded on the nautical charts made during that expedition. We combined these and other nautical charts from the 19th and early 20th centuries with surveys conducted in the 1970s and 1980s and satellite detection algorithms from 1984 to 2019, to analyse kelp distribution through time and the factors that correlate with it.</p> <p>Location: Marine ecoregions of Channels and Fjords of Southern Chile, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), and the island of South Georgia.</p> <p>Taxon: <i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i>.</p> <p>Methods: We characterised 309 giant kelp forests by their coastal geospatial attributes. Statistically significant variables were included in a conditional inference tree to predict kelp forest size. Sea surface temperature (SST) records were analysed to confirm temperature ranges over the last four decades. Nautical charts, historical surveys, aerial photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys and satellite imagery were overlaid to assess spatial distribution of kelp forest canopies, spanning the period 1829–2020.</p> <p>Results: Considering the extensive natural and human caused changes over the last two centuries, this diverse kelp ecosystem is remarkably persistent. We found that the ocean currents and wave exposure, combined with the geomorphological settings of the coastline are the most critical factors predicting the extent of the kelp forests.</p> <p>Main conclusions: We have described the long-term ecological persistence of the kelp forests in this vastly under-studied region that offers a conceptual biogeographical model supporting the global importance proposed by Charles Darwin 200 years ago (Darwin, 1845). In the current context of global change, the need for conservation of this persistent and well-preserved marine ecosystem has never been more important.</p>
Metadata for bacterial MAGs from giant kelp gametophytes
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Beagle kelp maps from: One of the least disturbed marine coastal ecosystems on Earth: Spatial and temporal persistence of Darwin’s sub-Antarctic giant kelp forests
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Single-base methylome profiling of the giant kelp Saccharina japonica reveals significant differences in DNA methylation to plants and animals
GEO Series GSE117191. Saccharina japonica. 9 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
A partially sex-reversed giant kelp sheds light into the mechanisms of sexual differentiation in UV sexual system
GEO Series GSE165423. Macrocystis pyrifera. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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OpenNeuro
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