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FIG. 2. – A in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA
FIG. 2. – A map of railways across the contiguous United States in 1870, with Iowa City, Iowa, and Chicago, Illinois, highlighted (map from http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/19-century/railroads-1870.jpg; adapted by Cerisa R. Reynolds).
FIG. 6. – A in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA
FIG. 6. – A map of the Plum Grove Historic Farm house and the Bone Feature,identifying where unit excavations have been carried out and where testing indicates the extent of the Bone Feature. As is visible here, the Bone Feature is parallel to and runs to the east of the Plum Grove house (figure created by Bryan Kendall).
FIG. 5 in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA
FIG. 5. – The northern face of the Plum Grove house, taken in 2010. The Bone Feature discussed throughout this paper was identified roughly 4-5m east (here, to the left) of the house (photography courtesy of William E. Whittaker). Additional photographs of the site as well as digital reconstructions of the property as it would have looked at various times throughout history can be seen at: http://www.uiowa.edu/~plumgrov/index.html.
Data and code to accompany 'One hundred years of daily sea surface temperature from the Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove, California: A review of the history, acquisition, and significance of the record'
<p>Data and analysis code to accompany the manuscript 'One hundred years of daily sea surface temperature from the Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove, California: A review of the history, acquisition, and significance of the record', published in <em>Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review </em>(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003363873-2">https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003363873-2</a>). Data files include records of sea surface temperature (SST) collected in Pacific Grove, California, USA from January 20, 1919 to the end of 2020. The analysis code produces a continuous 100+ year record with adjustments made for time of day the data were collected, and filling gaps in the data set where necessary. </p> <p>This dataset makes use of an earlier 83-year version of the sea surface temperatures produced by Breaker et al. 2005 available at <a href="https://aquadocs.org/handle/1834/20890">https://aquadocs.org/handle/1834/20890</a>, with the data file available at <a href="https://purl.stanford.edu/rc833pc4972">https://purl.stanford.edu/rc833pc4972</a> </p>
Yorkshire Grove Estate Plaque
A stone plaque set into the perimeter wall of the Yorkshire Grove Estate, Nevill Road, Stoke Newington, London. It is heavily eroded but read "This wall is the property of the Walford Estate". Date: unknown. 51 photos taken in July 2020 with a Sony a6000 and processed in Reality Capture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Drinking Fountain Ladbroke Grove
A drinking fountain on Ladbroke Grove opposite the junction with Kensington Park Gardens, London. http://www.mdfcta.co.uk/details-f/f080.html Date: 1883 246 photos taken in May 2021 with a Sony a6000 and processed in Reality Capture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Estatua Simposio de escultura de o Grove
Nikon D3300. 193 photos. 75M of polygons, simplified to 14M and retopology to 100+k. RawScan RealityCapture Sculpture made of Simposio of sculpture of O Grove Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Soil profile pits, carbon and vegetation data of an old Anogeissus grove in Mole National Park, Ghana
<p>Formation of forest islands in West Africa has been linked to anthropogenic soil improvement resulting in luxuriant tree growth in otherwise open savanna landscapes. However, there is limited understanding of how such unique ecosystems modulate soil carbon (C) dynamics and nutrient cycling. In this study, we report soil nutrient characteristics and two distinct soil organic carbon pools of Anogeissus grove (forest island) associated with abandoned village sites of the Mole National Park in the Guinea savanna or tropical continental climatic zone of Ghana, taking opportunity of a previously published study in Biotropica in 1978. We compared present-day differences in soil characteristics between the previously studied forest grove and adjoining open savanna in the Park and evaluated vegetation dynamics since first measurement in 1974. Overall, we see changes related to self-thinning and expansion of the grove on a decadal timescale. Soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents were greater in the grove and increased by 19.6 and 18.7%, respectively over time, showing persistence after four decades. Mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC) differed significantly (p<0.05) between the vegetation types, being 3.44% in the grove and 2.34% in the savanna. The grove was ca. 25% greater in particulate organic carbon (POC) content than the savanna. In both vegetation types, >55% of carbon was stabilized in the mineral fraction. Our study demonstrates long-term human impacts on soil and vegetation and offers a clear nature-based solution for climate change mitigation through sustainable land management by indigenous people towards achievement of the '4p1000' initiative.</p>
Raw data Morente and Ruano_N15 and C13 olive grove
<p>The dataset contains data about de N15 and C13 isotopic content of different arthropos in the olive grove</p>
Partitioning beta diversity to untangle mechanisms underlying the assembly of bird communities in Mediterranean olive groves
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Aim</i>: We investigated taxonomic and functional beta diversity of bird communities inhabiting Mediterranean olive groves subject to either intensive or extensive management of the ground cover and located in landscapes with different degrees of complexity.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Location</i>: Andalusia, southern Spain.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Methods</i>: We partitioned taxonomic and functional beta diversity into its two additive components, turnover and nestedness. We also explored the contributions of single sites to overall beta diversity (LCBD) and separated the effects of species replacement (turnover) and richness difference (nestedness) in order to identify ecologically unique sites -keystone communities- within the metacommunity. In a further step, we employed abundance- and functional-based indicator species analyses to characterize bird assemblages. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Results</i>: Taxonomic beta diversity increased with landscape complexity. Although both taxonomic and functional differences among assemblages were driven mainly by species replacement (regardless of management or landscape type), the contribution of trait replacement to the total functional beta diversity was much lower, suggesting that species performing similar functions replace each other between sites. There were no differences in LCBD between management types or categories of landscape complexity, but the contributions of sites to beta diversity decreased as the percentage cover of olive groves increased. Species richness was also important in explaining variation in LCBD as species-poor sites tended to contribute the most to the local-to-regional beta diversity. However, some farms displayed high values of LCBD due to the existence of a high replacement component, indicating that some species recorded in these sites were scarce elsewhere. The indicator species analyses revealed that the woodchat shrike <i>Lanius senator</i> may constitute an excellent indicator of biodiversity in this agro-forestry-system. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Main conclusions</i>: Our results show that agricultural expansion promotes biotic homogenization and exemplify how the identification of both keystone species and communities can represent a powerful tool for the management of anthropized landscapes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Sacred groves of Central India: Diversity status, carbon storage and conservation strategies
<p>Sacred groves (SGs) play an important role in the conservation of local biodiversity and provide numerous ecosystem services worldwide. We studied how the ecological status of Central Indian SGs contributes to regional tree diversity and carbon (C) storage. We inventoried the trees in fifty-nine SGs of Madhya Pradesh and recorded a total of 109 tree species (90 genera, 40 families). The most species-rich families were Fabaceae, Combretaceae, Malvaceae and Moraceae. The tree density ranged from 75 to 925 individuals ha<sup>-1</sup> (mean: 398 ± 32 individuals ha<sup>-1</sup>), while the basal area varied from 2.5 to 69.2 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup> (mean: 24.2 ± 1.9 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>). The total C stock {tree C + soil organic C (SOC; 0-30 cm)} ranged from 44.7 to 455.4 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> (mean: 153.8 ± 9.6 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) across the SGs. The studied SGs represented 74.7% of the total tree diversity and contained 33.1% higher total C stock than the forests of the state. Tree C stock was significantly positively correlated with tree basal area (<em>r<sub>57</sub></em> = 0.965,<em> P</em> < 0.0001), distance from the nearest village (<em>r<sub>57</sub></em> = 0.432, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and number of years of existence (<em>r<sub>57</sub></em> = 0.615, <em>P</em> < 0.0001). The present study highlighted the crucial role of the studied SGs in sustaining regional biodiversity and storing significant amounts of C in biomass and soil. Continued conservation efforts and contained anthropogenic interferences are necessary in order to maintain the current role of these SGs as biodiversity and carbon reservoirs of Central India.</p>
Shady Grove Primitive Baptist Church
Shady Grove Primitive Baptist Church, Gainesville, FL Used as meeting place for NAACP during Civil Rights Movement Coquina Concrete Block brought from St. Augustine, FL Listed on the National Register of Historic Places Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: A new species of Baorangia (Boletaceae, Boletales) from a sacred grove in India
<p><em>Baorangia albostipitata</em> sp. nov. from India is proposed based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. The species is characterized by a pinkish pileus with a yellowish pileal margin, a whitish pileal context that changes to pale blue very slowly on bruising or cut, a yellowish hymenophore without any color change on bruising or cut, a whitish stipe that changes to bright orange when bruised, and subglobose to ellipsoid basidiospores. Detailed descriptions, macrophotographs, illustrations, and comparisons with similar species are presented.</p>
Agricultural intensification erodes taxonomic and functional diversity in Mediterranean olive groves by filtering out rare species
<p><span>1. Agri-Environmental Schemes (AES) have been proposed to mitigate the impact of agriculture on both taxonomic and functional biodiversity. However, a better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the loss of agrobiodiversity is needed to implement efficient AES. An unbalanced effort on research towards arable lands compared to permanent crops, and on fauna relative to plants, is patent, which limits the generalization of AES effectiveness. </span></p> <p><span>2. We evaluated the effects of agricultural management and landscape simplification on taxonomic and functional diversity of the ground herb cover of 40 olive groves. We use a recently developed approach based on Hill numbers (rare, common and dominant species based) to analyze taxonomic and functional dissimilarity between farms with contrasting agricultural practices, and its potential attenuation by landscape complexity. We further explore the filtering effect of agricultural intensification on functional traits, and the relationship between functional and species richness across landscapes.</span></p> <p><span>3. We found that taxonomic and functional dissimilarity of herb assemblages between intensively and low-intensively managed fields was mainly due to rare species. Dissimilarity decreased as landscape complexity increased, evidencing that complex landscapes attenuate the impact of agriculture intensification on herb assemblage composition. Agricultural intensification favoured more functionally homogeneous assemblages and disfavoured the herbs pollinated by insects, while it did not seem to affect wind-pollinated species. </span></p> <p><span>4. Overall, functional richness increased exponentially with species richness across landscapes, but the latter was insufficient to drive any clear enhancement in functional richness in simple landscapes. In contrast, high species richness accelerated the enhancement in functional richness in intermediate and complex landscapes. These results highlight the functional filtering that intensive agriculture has generated for decades in homogeneous olive-dominated landscapes. </span></p> <p><span>5. Herb cover is essential to support the fauna of permanent croplands and their sustainable production. Hence, AES in these croplands should promote management practices favouring the diversity and functionality of herb assemblages. Such AES should be particularly prioritized in homogeneous landscapes, where ground herb cover composition and function has long been homogenized to a great extent. </span></p>
Image 1 in A rare agaric (Agaricomycetes: Agaricaceae) from a sacred grove of Eastern Ghats, India
Image 1 (a,b). Habitat of Clarkeinda trachodes
Figure 2 in A rare agaric (Agaricomycetes: Agaricaceae) from a sacred grove of Eastern Ghats, India
Figure 2. Clarkeinda trachodes
Soil profile pits, carbon and vegetation data of an old Anogeissus grove in Mole National Park, Ghana
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Agricultural intensification erodes taxonomic and functional diversity in Mediterranean olive groves by filtering out rare species
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Partitioning beta diversity to untangle mechanisms underlying the assembly of bird communities in Mediterranean olive groves
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: A new species of Baorangia (Boletaceae, Boletales) from a sacred grove in India
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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