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98 results for “habitat adaptation”
aurora: A Machine Learning GWAS Tool For Analyzing Microbial Habitat Adaptation
<p>This upload contains compressed raw data to rerun examples in the main text of <em>aurora </em>and the first version of<em> aurora </em>used in the paper.</p>
Invasion away from roadsides was not driven by adaptation to grassland habitats in Dittrichia graveolens (stinkwort)
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Invasive plants along transportation corridors can significantly threaten ecosystems and biodiversity if they spread beyond anthropogenic environments. Rapid evolution may increase the ability of invading plant populations to establish in resident plant communities over time, posing a challenge to invasion risk assessment. We tested for adaptive differentiation in <em>Dittrichia graveolens </em>(stinkwort), an invasive species of ruderal habitat in California that is increasingly spreading away from roadsides into more established vegetation. We collected seeds from eight pairs of vegetated sites and their nearest (presumed progenitor) roadside population. We assessed differentiation between populations in roadside and vegetated habitat for germination behavior and for response to competition in a greenhouse experiment. We also tested for increased performance in vegetated habitat with a grassland field experiment including a neighbor removal treatment. Germination rates were slightly reduced in seeds from vegetated sites, which may indicate lower seed viability. Otherwise, plants did not show consistent differences between the two habitat types. Competition strongly reduced performance of <em>D. graveolens</em> in both the greenhouse and in the field, but plants originating from vegetated sites did not show enhanced competitive ability. Our findings show no evidence of adaptive differentiation between <em>D. graveolens</em> populations from roadside and vegetated habitats to date, suggesting that invasiveness in grasslands has not been enhanced by rapid evolution in the 40+ years since this species was introduced to California. Evolutionary constraints or potentially high levels of gene flow at this small scale may limit adaptation to novel habitats along roadsides.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Data for: Genomic signals of local adaptation across climatically heterogenous habitats in an invasive tropical fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni)
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Local</span> <span>adaptation</span> plays a key role in the successful establishment of pest populations in new environments by enabling them to tolerate novel biotic and abiotic conditions experienced outside their native range. However, the <span>genomic underpinnings of such adaptive responses</span> remain unclear, especially for agriculturally important pests. We investigate<span>d</span> <span>population </span>genomic signatures in the tropical/subtropical Queensland fruit fly, <em>Bactrocera tryoni</em>, which has <span>an </span>expanded range <span>encompassing</span> temperate and arid zones in Australia, <span>and</span> tropical <span>zones in the Pacific Islands</span>. Using reduced representation sequencing data from 28 populations, we detected allele frequency shifts associated with the <span>native/invasive </span>status of populations and <span>identified</span> environmental factors that <span>have likely </span>drive<span>n</span> population differentiation. We also determined that precipitation, temperature<span>,</span> and geographic variables explain allelic shifts across the distribution range of <em>B. tryoni</em>. <span>We found</span> spatial heterogeneity in signatures of local adaptation across various climatic conditions in invaded areas. Specifically, disjunct invasive populations in the tropical <span>Pacific Islands</span> and arid zones of Australia <span>were characterised by</span> multiple significantly differentiated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), some of which were associated with genes with well-understood function in environmental stress (e.g., heat and desiccation) response. However, invasive populations in southeast Australian temperate zones show<span>ed</span> higher gene flow with the native range <span>and </span>lacked a strong local <span>adaptive signal</span>. These results suggest that population connectivity with the native range has <span>differentially </span>affect<span>ed</span> <span>local adaptive patterns in different</span> invasive populations. Overall, our findings provide insights into the evolutionary underpinnings of invasion success of an important horticultural pest in climatically distinct environments.</p>
Data from: Differential adaptation to a harsh granite outcrop habitat between sympatric Mimulus species
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Habitat transitions alter the adaptive landscape and shape phenotypic evolution in needlefishes (Belonidae)
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Habitat use as an indicator of adaptive capacity to climate change
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Data from: Disentangling the effects of geographic peripherality and habitat suitability on neutral and adaptive genetic variation in Swiss stone pine
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Data from: Hybridization and adaptive introgression in a marine invasive species in native habitats
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Local adaptation in thermal tolerance for a tropical butterfly across ecotone and rainforest habitats
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Data for: Genomic signals of local adaptation across climatically heterogenous habitats in an invasive tropical fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni)
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The combination of high leaf hydraulic safety and water use efficiency allows alpine shrubs to adapt to high-altitude habitats
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Crossing extreme habitat boundaries: Jack-of-all-trades facilitates invasion but is eroded by adaptation to a master-of-one
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Data from: Repeatability of adaptive radiation depends on spatial scale: regional versus global replicates of stickleback in lake versus stream habitats
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Data from: Adaptation and divergence in edaphic specialists and generalists: serpentine soil endemics in the California flora occur in barer serpentine habitats with lower soil calcium levels than serpentine tolerators
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Identifying traits that enable lizard adaptation to different habitats
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Data from: Plasticity versus evolutionary divergence: what causes habitat partitioning in urban-adapted birds?
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Data for Rapid phenotypic differentiation and local adaptation in Japanese knotweed s.l. (Reynoutria japonica and R. × bohemica, Polygonaceae) invading novel habitats
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Invasion away from roadsides was not driven by adaptation to grassland habitats in Dittrichia graveolens (stinkwort)
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PLATE VIII. Outgroup taxa and Phrynocephalus mimicry adaptations. (A) Laudakia caucasia; (B) habitat of A, Big Balkan Mountains, Turkmenistan; (C) Trapelus sanguinolentus; (D) habitat of C, Repetek, Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan; (E) P. turcomanus illustrating false large head with eyes on body-back; and (F) P. mystaceus illustrating false enlarged mouth with red capillary-beds. in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE VIII. Outgroup taxa and Phrynocephalus mimicry adaptations. (A) Laudakia caucasia; (B) habitat of A, Big Balkan Mountains, Turkmenistan; (C) Trapelus sanguinolentus; (D) habitat of C, Repetek, Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan; (E) P. turcomanus illustrating false large head with eyes on body-back; and (F) P. mystaceus illustrating false enlarged mouth with red capillary-beds.
Down feather morphology reflects adaptation to habitat and thermal conditions across the avian phylogeny
<p>Down feathers are the first feather types that appear in both the phylogenetic and the ontogenetic history of birds. Although it is widely acknowledged that the primary function of downy elements is insulation, little is known about the interspecific variability in the structural morphology of these feathers, and the environmental factors that have influenced their evolution. Here, we collected samples of down and afterfeathers from 156 bird species and measured key morphological characters that define the insulatory properties of the downy layer. We then tested if habitat and climatic conditions could explain the observed between-species variation in down feather structure. We show that habitat has a very strong and clearly defined effect on down feather morphology. Feather size, barbule length and nodus density all decreased from terrestrial towards aquatic birds, with riparian species exhibiting intermediate characters. Wintering climate, expressed as windchill (a combined measure of the ambient temperature and wind speed) had limited effects on down morphology, colder climate only being associated with higher nodus density in dorsal down feathers. Overall, an aquatic lifestyle selects for a denser plumulaceous layer, while the effect of harsh wintering conditions on downy structures appear limited. These results provide key evidence of adaptations to habitat at the level of the downy layer, both on the scale of macro- and micro-elements of the plumage. Moreover, they reveal characters of convergent evolution in the avian plumage and mammalian fur, that match the varying needs of insulation in terrestrial and aquatic modes of life.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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