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90 results for “haemosporidians”
Fig. 1 in First molecular investigation of haemosporidian parasites in Thai bat species
Fig. 1. Map of Thailand depicting the bat sampling sites, forested areas, and altitudes. The map was drawn using ArcGIS version 10.2. Altitudes (in meter scale) are indicated in parentheses after each sampling site and were calculated by DIVA-GIS version 7.5.0.0 using spatial data from SRTM DEM Digital Elevation Database.
Fig. 4 in First molecular investigation of haemosporidian parasites in Thai bat species
Fig. 4. Images of bats with Polychromophilus positive infection based on either microscopic examination or cytb gene PCR amplification and sequencing results: My. siligorensis (a) and T. melanopogon (b). Giemsa-stained blood smears depicting growing and fully-grown macrogametocytes of Polychromophilus murinus observed in My. siligorensis (c–e) (sample ID THBat19-211, cytb accession no. MT136168). Growing and fully-grown macrogametocytes of Polychromophilus melanipherus observed in T. melanopogon (f–h) (sample ID THBat19- 170, cytb accession no. MT136167). Fullygrown microgametocytes of P. murinus (i–k). All parasite images were taken at the same magnification. Scale bar = 5 μm. (For viewing the images in color, the reader is referred to the online version of this article). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Prevalence of avian haemosporidians among understorey birds of Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Philippines.
Fig. 1 Avian haemosporidian prevalence according to altitude. P=Plasmodium, L=Leucocytozoon, H=Haemoproteus.
Fig. 2. Minimum spanning network for haemosporidian mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes identified from blood samples collected from Emperor Geese inhabiting the YukonKuskokwim Delta, Alaska during 2006–2016 in Negligible evidence for detrimental effects of Leucocytozoon infections among Emperor Geese (Anser canagicus) breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Fig. 2. Minimum spanning network for haemosporidian mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes identified from blood samples collected from Emperor Geese inhabiting the YukonKuskokwim Delta, Alaska during 2006–2016. Circles are drawn proportional to the frequency at which haplotypes were detected. Shading represented the assignment of representative sequences for haplotypes to L. simondi clade A (teal), L. simondi clade B (orange), or other Leucocytozoon (grey) in phylogenetic analyses (see Results and Fig. 5). Lines are drawn proportional to genetic distance and are labeled per the number of mutations represented (except single nucleotide polymorphisms which are unlabeled). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Neglected parasite reservoirs in wetlands: Prevalence and diversity of avian haemosporidians in waterbird communities in Northeast China
Fig. 2. Diversity (a) and frequency (b) of haemosporidian parasite lineages obtained from waterbirds in Tumuji, China. Sankey diagrams of the correlation between waterbirds (left, sorted by order) and identified haemosporidian lineages (right). The width of the lines indicates proportion to the infection recordings in waterbirds, and the colour of the lines indicates the range of the lineage size. The numbers represent infection cases. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Neglected parasite reservoirs in wetlands: Prevalence and diversity of avian haemosporidians in waterbird communities in Northeast China
Fig. 3. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of 479 bp haemosporidian cyt b lineages from waterbirds in Tumuji, China, with Hepatocystis sp. as an outgroup, and several morpho-species were included for a higher resolution of phylogenetic patterns. Posterior probabilities higher than 0.90 are shown by the node. Lineages that were previously recorded and detected in this study are marked in bold. Major monophyletic clades with high support are labelled behind the line (Leucocytozoon: L1-L5; Haemoproteus: H1–H3).
Fig. 1 in Neglected parasite reservoirs in wetlands: Prevalence and diversity of avian haemosporidians in waterbird communities in Northeast China
Fig. 1. Heatmap of the apparent prevalence of waterbird species in the Tumuji National Nature Reserve. Presenting infected waterbird species (left, sorted by order) with prevalence (indicated by colour gradient, scale from 0 to 1). The sample size is shown in parentheses.
Fig. 1 in A new haemosporidian parasite from the Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata (Cariamiformes, Cariamidae)
Fig. 1. Gametocytes of Haemoproteus pulcher sp. nov. from the blood of the Red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata): A–D, young gametocytes; E–P, macrogametocytes, Q–X, microgametocytes. Legend: ahcn, atrophied host cell nucleus; cl, cleft between the parasite and the host cell nucleus; cv, cytoplasmic vacuoles; epg, elongated pigment granules; g, gap between the ends of the parasite; pn, parasite nucleus; mpg, medium-sized pigment granules; spg, small pigment granules. Eosin–methylene blue stained thin blood films. Scale-bar: 5 μm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in A new haemosporidian parasite from the Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata (Cariamiformes, Cariamidae)
Fig. 3. Comparison of the sequence of outer primers (HaemNFI and HaemNR3) and inner primers (HaemF and HaemR2) from a frequently-used nested PCR protocol to detect avian Haemoproteus and Plasmodium based on the amplification of a 479 bp segment of the mitochondrial cytb gene (Hellgren et al., 2004) to the corresponding segments of the cyt-b gene of Haemoproteus pulcher obtained in this study (blue). Asterisks highlight mismatches between the sequences and the primers. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in A new haemosporidian parasite from the Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata (Cariamiformes, Cariamidae)
Fig. 2. Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis of the relationship between Haemoproteus pulcher sp. nov. and other Haemosporida based on the mitochondrial cytb gene. Branch lengths are drawn proportionally to the extent of changes (scale-bar is shown). Values adjacent to nodes represent posterior probabilities.
Fig. 3 in Diversity, distribution, and methodological considerations of haemosporidian infections among Galliformes in Alaska
Fig. 3. Location prevalence for individuals testing positive (P) and negative (N) for all three genera of haemosporidian parasites. Regionality is defined as follows: Arctic: Arctic Coastal Plain, Brooks Range, Finger Mountain. Interior: Eagle Summit, Minto, Galena, Denali Highway, Taylor Highway, Fairbanks Area, Farewell. Southcentral: Palmer, Eureka. Southcoastal: Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Kenai, Thompson Pass. Southeast: Lemesurier Island.
Fig. 1 in Diversity, distribution, and methodological considerations of haemosporidian infections among Galliformes in Alaska
Fig. 1. Map of sampling locations in Alaska. Circles show the number of samples for each grouse and ptarmigan species collected at each study site. Description of precise locations located in supplementary materials (Table A). Free vector and raster map from Natural Earth (https://www.naturalearthdata.com).
Fig. 4 in Diversity, distribution, and methodological considerations of haemosporidian infections among Galliformes in Alaska
Fig. 4. Hatch year (HY) ruffed grouse, rock ptarmigan, willow ptarmigan, spruce grouse, sharp tailed grouse, and white-tailed ptarmigan individuals testing positive for at least one parasite genus. This figure aggregates all years sampled for 27 individuals. Hatch year individuals are less than three months old at the time of sampling, with the exception of individuals sampled in January and March where age is less than 10 months old. P = positive, N = negative.
Fig. 2 in Diversity, distribution, and methodological considerations of haemosporidian infections among Galliformes in Alaska
Fig. 2. Classification tree displaying the determining variables displaying the highest significance of association with host infection status. Y indicates positive infection status, and N indicates negative infection status. Each node represents the number of positive and negative infections associated with each determining variable(s), where the black fill represents the proportion of positive infections associated with each variable or combination of variables. The variable bio5 is the maximum temperature of the warmest month.
Haemosporidian parasites and incubation period influence plumage coloration in tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae)
<p><span>Birds are visually oriented and use their plumage coloration as an important signaling trait in social communication. Males and females may have different patterns of plumage coloration, a phenomenon known as sexual dichromatism. Because males tend to have more complex plumages, sexual dichromatism is usually attributed to female choice. However, plumage coloration is partly condition-dependent, therefore other selective pressures affecting individuals' success may also drive the evolution of this trait. Here we used tanagers to study the relationships between dichromatism and plumage coloration complexity with parasitism by haemosporidians, investment in reproduction, and life-history traits. We screened blood samples from 2849 birds belonging to 52 tanager species for detecting haemosporidian parasites. We used publicly available data for plumage coloration, bird phylogeny, and life-history traits to run models with plumage dichromatism and complexity in males and females. We found that dichromatism was more pronounced in bird species with higher prevalence of haemosporidian parasites. Lastly, females with high plumage coloration complexity were associated with a longer incubation period. Our results indicate an association between haemosporidian parasites and plumage coloration suggesting that parasites impact mechanisms of both sexual selections, increasing differences between sexes, and social (non-sexual) selection, driving females to develop more complex colorations. </span></p>
Experimental reduction of haemosporidian infection affects maternal reproductive investment, parental behaviour, and offspring condition
<p>When hosts have a long coevolutionary history with their parasites, fitness costs of chronic infection have often been assumed to be negligible. Yet, experimental manipulation of infections sometimes reveals effects of parasites on their hosts, particularly during reproduction. Whether these effects translate into fitness costs remains unclear. Here, we present the results of an experimental study conducted in a free-ranging population of red-winged blackbirds (<em>Agelaius</em> <em>phoeniceus</em>) naturally experiencing a high prevalence of haemosporidian infections, with > 95% of breeding adults infected with parasites from one or more haemosporidian genus. To assess effects of infection during reproduction, we manipulated adult red-winged blackbird females' parasite burden by administering an anti-haemosporidian medication before onset of egg-laying. Experimental reduction of infection resulted in significant benefits to mothers and their offspring. Medicated females laid heavier clutches, invested more in incubation and provisioning behaviour, and produced more fledglings than control females. Nestlings of medicated females had higher haematocrit, higher blood glucose, and lower reactive oxygen metabolites than nestlings of control females. Overall, our results provide evidence that, even in a species with a long history of high prevalence of infection, parasites can lead to decreased maternal investment and offspring quality, substantially reducing fitness.</p>
Data and R code from: Haemosporidian infections influence risk-taking behaviours in young male blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla
<p>This repository contains all data and code necessary to reproduce the results and figures of the paper:</p> <p>Remacha, C., Ramírez, A., Arriero, E. and Pérez-Tris, J. 2023. Haemosporidian infections influence risk-taking behaviours in young male blackcaps <em>Sylvia atricapilla</em>. Animal Behaviour, 196, 113-126. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.12.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.12.001</a></p> <p>The repository contains a readme file (README_SYAT_MS_ANIBEH_Scripts.txt) with a description of the code and the data. The code is organised in eight R script files. Instructions to run the code are provided in the readme file. The data are organised in two separate files. One file (SYAT_MS_BH_ANIBEHdata.txt) contains data of exploratory and antipredatory behaviours of 43 young male blackcaps. The other one (SYAT_MS_BH_BIOL_ANIBEHdata.txt) contains biological and experimental attributes of the same individuals: status and intensity of parasite infection, experimental treatment, morphology and body mass.</p>
Dataset 1 for "Host-specificity and repeatability of haemosporidian infection parameters and potential consequences when testing host species-level hypotheses"
<p>Dataset with 9 host species (min. 5 study sites and min 45 sampled individuals sampled per site) for the first part of the analysis in "Host-specificity and repeatability of haemosporidian infection parameters and potential consequences when testing host species-level hypotheses". One file contains the data table. One file contains a table with descriptions of the columns in the data table.</p>
Haemosporidian parasites and incubation period influence plumage coloration in tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae)
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Experimental reduction of haemosporidian infection affects maternal reproductive investment, parental behaviour, and offspring condition
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