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249 results for “human selection”
Data from: Home range and habitat selection of wolves recolonising Central European human-dominated landscapes
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Data from: Movement-integrated habitat selection reveals wolves balance ease of travel with human avoidance in a risk-reward trade-off
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Data from: Habitat selection and outdoor recreation explain human-carnivore conflict
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Main model fits and substitution rate predictions for: A quantitative genetic model of background selection in humans
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The influence of human disturbances on the spatio-temporal habitat selection patterns of roe deer near Trento (Italy)
<p>This is the dataset used for the MSc. thesis of Matthijs Hinkamp for the master Earth Sciences (Environmental Management track) at the University of Amsterdam.</p> <p>In this thesis the Individual Movement Sequence Analysis Method (IM-SAM) was applied to analyse the influence of human disturbances on the sequential habitat use of roe deer in northern Italy. While it is known that in this area the roe deer populations are affected by anthropogenic pressures, the actual spatial and temporal implications of such pressures are unknown.</p> <p>The input for IM-SAM consisted of habitat sequences, which were obtained through tracking data from the Fondazione Edmund Mach, land use and land cover maps and temporal information. Based on exploratory dissimilarity trees for the real behavioural sequences, several simulation profiles were established, each with a different habitat use pattern.</p> <p>The results show that most roe deer prefer isolated forest areas, but alternating patterns are definitely present. Several co variables were assessed: the influence of the hunting season, increased pressure during weekends, differences between protected and unprotected areas and changes in the average NDVI. It seems that roe deer are affected by the hunting pressure in September. This month shows an increase in the prevalence of alternating profiles, which indicates that roe deer tend to change their habitat use during periods of the day when hunting takes place. It cannot be concluded that habitat use patterns are altered during the weekends and the differences between sequences in protected and unprotected areas seem to be relatively small. However, some results indicate that alternating habitat use is a strategy for some roe deer in protected areas. When looking at the NDVI values, it becomes clear that the average NDVI is higher overall for the alternating profiles, but this just underlines the general conclusions drawn about the habitat use strategies in September.</p>
Data from: Human commercial models' eye colour shows negative frequency-dependent selection
In this study we investigated the eye colour of human commercial models registered in the UK (400 female and 400 male) and Brazil (400 female and 400 male) to test the hypothesis that model eye colour frequency was the result of negative frequency-dependent selection. The eye colours of the models were classified as: blue, brown or intermediate. Chi-square analyses of data for countries separated by sex showed that in the United Kingdom brown eyes and intermediate colours were significantly more frequent than expected in comparison to the general United Kingdom population (P<0.001). In Brazil, the most frequent eye colour brown was significantly less frequent than expected in comparison to the general Brazilian population. These results support the hypothesis that model eye colour is the result of negative frequency-dependent selection. This could be the result of people using eye colour as a marker of genetic diversity and finding rarer eye colours more attractive because of the potential advantage more genetically diverse offspring that could result from such a choice. Eye colour may be important because in comparison to many other physical traits (e.g., hair colour) it is hard to modify, hide or disguise, and it is highly polymorphic.
Journal Selection Factors and Opinions about Open Access of Austrian Researchers in the Humanities and Social Sciences
<p>Data from the Study of Open Access Publishing Data (SOAP, http://bit.ly/ejuvKO) has been selected to explain why the uptake of Open Access publishing in the humanities and social sciences in Austria is reluctant compared to other fields. Two questions from the survey seemed to be especially relevant in this context: factors to choose a journal for publishing and general opinions about Open Access.</p>
Presentation in 46th ARO: Mesoscale Selective Plane-Illumination Microscopy for Thickness Map of Sub-Layers of the Human Tympanic Membrane
<p>This upload is for the poster presentation of Merlin Schär at the 46th Annual Midwinter Conference of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology on the development and application of mesoscale selective plane-illumination microscopy for imaging of the sublayers of the human tympanic membrane. The upload contains the poster, the related imaging data with corresponding metadata for scanning and image processing, as well as supplementary figures illustrating the stitching of subvolume scans and the merged 3D rendering.</p>
A Functional Response in Resource Selection Links Multi-Scale Responses of a Large Carnivore to Human Mortality Risk
<p>This repository contains code and data to reproduce results from the manuscript 'A Functional Response in Resource Selection Links Multi-Scale Responses of a Large Carnivore to Human Mortality Risk'. </p>
Archived data for: Balancing selection, genetic drift, and human mediated-introgression interplay to shape MHC (functional) diversity in Mediterranean brown trout
<p>The extraordinary polymorphism of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes is considered a paradigm of pathogen-mediated balancing selection, although empirical evidence is still scarce. Furthermore, the relative contribution of balancing selection to shape MHC population structure and diversity, compared to that of neutral forces, as well as its interaction with other evolutionary processes such as hybridization, remains largely unclear. To investigate these issues, we analysed adaptive (MHC-DAB gene) and neutral (11 microsatellite loci) variation in 156 brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta </i>complex) from six wild populations in central Italy exposed to introgression from domestic hatchery lineages (assessed with the LDH gene). MHC diversity and structuring correlated with those at microsatellites, indicating the substantial role of neutral forces. However, individuals carrying locally rare MHC alleles/supertypes (regardless of the zygosity status and degree of sequence dissimilarity of MHC) were in better body condition (a proxy of individual fitness/parasite load), hence supporting balancing selection under rare allele advantage, but not heterozygote advantage or divergent allele advantage. The association between specific MHC supertypes and body condition confirmed in part this finding. Across populations, MHC allelic richness increased with increasing admixture between native and domestic lineages, indicating introgression as a source of MHC variation. Furthermore, introgression across populations appeared more pronounced for MHC than microsatellites, possibly because initially-rare MHC variants are expected to introgress more readily under rare allele advantage. Providing evidence for the complex interplay among neutral evolutionary forces, balancing selection and human-mediated introgression in shaping the pattern of MHC (functional) variation, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolution of MHC genes in wild populations exposed to anthropogenic disturbance.</p>
Artificial selection in human-wildlife feeding interactions
<p>The artificial selection of traits in wildlife populations through hunting and fishing has been well documented. However, despite their rising popularity, the role that artificial selection may play in non-extractive wildlife activities, e.g., recreational feeding activities, remains unknown.</p> <p>If only a subset of a population takes advantage of human-wildlife feeding interactions, and if this results in different fitness advantages for these individuals, then artificial selection may be at work. We have tested this hypothesis using a wild fallow deer population living at the edge of a capital city as our model population.</p> <p>In contrast to previous assumptions on the randomness of human-wildlife feeding interactions, we found that a limited non-random portion of an entire population is continuously engaging with people. We found that the willingness to beg for food from humans exists on a continuum of inter-individual repeatable behaviour; which ranges from risk-taking individuals repeatedly seeking and obtaining food, to shyer individuals avoiding human contact and not receiving food at all, despite all individuals having received equal exposure to human presence from birth and coexisting in the same herds together. Bolder individuals obtain significantly more food directly from humans, resulting in early interception of food offerings and preventing other individuals from obtaining supplemental feeding.</p> <p>Those females that beg consistently also produce significantly heavier fawns (300-500g heavier), which may provide their offspring with a survival advantage. This indicates that these interactions result in disparity in diet and nutrition across the population, impacting associated physiology and reproduction, and may result in artificial selection of the begging behavioural trait.</p> <p>This is the first time that this consistent variation in behaviour and its potential link to artificial selection has been identified in a wildlife population and reveals new potential effects of human-wildlife feeding interactions in other species across both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. 22-Jun-2022 --</p>
Data from: Adaptations to climate-mediated selective pressures in humans.
<p>This dataset contains the genotype data in PLINK binary format for the 5 populations genotyped in the Di Rienzo lab and published in </p> <p>Hancock AM, Witonsky DB, Alkorta-Aranburu G, Beall CM, Gebremedhin A, Sukernik R, Utermann G, Pritchard JK, Coop G, Di Rienzo A (2011) Adaptations to climate-mediated selective pressures in humans. PLoS Genet. 7(4):e1001375</p>
Dual domain recognition determines SARS-CoV-2 PLpro selectivity for human ISG15 and K48-linked di-ubiquitin
<p>The Papain-like protease (PLpro) is a domain of a multi-functional, non-structural protein 3 of coronaviruses. PLpro cleaves viral polyproteins and posttranslational conjugates with poly-ubiquitin and protective ISG15, composed of two ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains. Across coronaviruses, PLpro showed divergent selectivity for recognition and cleavage of posttranslational conjugates despite sequence conservation. We show that SARS-CoV-2 PLpro binds human ISG15 and K48-linked di-ubiquitin (K48-Ub<sub>2</sub>) with nanomolar affinity and detect alternate weaker-binding modes. Crystal structures of untethered PLpro complexes with ISG15 and K48-Ub<sub>2</sub> combined with solution NMR and cross-linking mass spectrometry revealed how the two domains of ISG15 or K48-Ub<sub>2</sub> are differently utilized in interactions with PLpro. Analysis of protein interface energetics predicted differential binding stabilities of the two UBL/Ub domains that were validated experimentally. We emphasize how substrate recognition can be tuned to cleave specifically ISG15 or K48-Ub<sub>2</sub> modifications while retaining capacity to cleave mono-Ub conjugates. These results highlight alternative druggable surfaces that would inhibit PLpro function.</p>
Resource selection by New York City deer reveals the effective interface between wildlife, zoonotic hazards, and humans
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Although the role of host movement in shaping infectious disease dynamics is widely acknowledged, methodological separation between animal movement and disease ecology has prevented researchers from leveraging empirical insights from movement data to advance landscape scale understanding of infectious disease risk. To address this knowledge gap, we examine how movement behavior and resource utilization by white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) determines blacklegged tick (<em>Ixodes scapularis</em>) distribution, which depend on deer for dispersal in a highly fragmented New York City borough. Multi-scale hierarchical resource selection analysis and movement modeling provide insight into how deer's movements contribute to the risk landscape for human exposure to the Lyme disease vector–<em>I. scapularis</em>. We find deer select highly vegetated and accessible residential properties which support blacklegged tick survival. We conclude the distribution of tick-borne disease risk results from individual resource selection by deer across spatial scales in response to habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic disturbances.</span></p>
Deoxynivalenol globally affects the selection of 3’ splice sites in human cells by suppressing the splicing factors, U2AF1 and SF1
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Data from: Human commercial models’ eye colour shows negative frequency-dependent selection
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Artificial selection in human-wildlife feeding interactions
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Data from: Biogeography of shell morphology in over-exploited shellfish reveals adaptive tradeoffs on human-inhabited islands and incipient selectively driven lineage bifurcation
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Rapid morphological divergence following a human-mediated introduction: The role of drift and directional selection
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Data from: A tropical paradise for all? Nest-site selection shifts by an endemic Neotropical woodpecker associated with human settlements
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.