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43 results for “insect development”
Data from: Young but not defenseless: antifungal activity during embryonic development of a social insect
Termites live in environments heavily colonized by diverse microbial communities, including pathogens. Eggs laid within the nest likely experience similar pathogenic pressures as their older nestmates. Consequently, they may have also been under selective pressures to be immune-competent. Through in vitro experiments, we tested the ontogeny, location and strength of embryos' antifungal activity against the fungus Metarhizium brunneum. Extraembryonic washes and intraembryonic components were incubated with fungal conidia, which was then scored for viability. Fungistatic activity was location- and stage-dependent. Extraembryonic washes had relatively weak antifungal activity. Conversely, intraembryonic contents were highly antifungal, exhibiting increased potency through development. Boiling both embryonic washes and intraembryonic contents rescued conidia viability, indicating the antifungal agent(s) is (are) likely proteinaceous. Embryonic protein profiles shifted from putative vitellogenins in young embryos to multiple proteins in subsequent stages, suggesting that the increase in fungistatic activity may be due to the expression of endogenous proteins during embryogenesis. This study is the first to address embryonic antifungal activity in a hemimetabolous eusocial taxon. Our results support the hypothesis that microbes have been significant agents of selection, fostering the evolution of antifungal properties even in the most immature and supposed, most vulnerable stage of development.
Dataset for "Insect frass from upcycling vegetable by-products with cereals: effects on the soil properties, plant development and soil invertebrate fitness"
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Data from: Plant quantity affects development and survival of a gregarious insect herbivore and its endoparasitoid wasp
Virtually all studies of plant-herbivore-natural enemy interactions focus on plant quality as the major constraint on development and survival. However, for many gregarious feeding insect herbivores that feed on small or ephemeral plants, the quantity of resources is much more limiting, yet this area has received virtually no attention. Here, in both lab and semi-field experiments using tents containing variably sized clusters of food plants, we studied the effects of periodic food deprivation in a tri-trophic system where quantitative constraints are profoundly important on insect performance. The large cabbage white Pieris brassicae, is a specialist herbivore of relatively small wild brassicaceous plants that grow in variable densities, with black mustard (Brassica nigra) being one of the most important. Larvae of P. brassicae are in turn attacked by a specialist endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata. Increasing the length of food deprivation of newly molted final instar caterpillars significantly decreased herbivore and parasitoid survival and biomass, but shortened their development time. Moreover, the ability of caterpillars to recover when provided with food again was correlated with the length of the food deprivation period. In outdoor tents with natural vegetation, we created conditions similar to those faced by P. brassicae in nature by manipulating plant density. Low densities of B. nigra lead to potential starvation of P. brassicae broods and their parasitoids, replicating nutritional conditions of the lab experiments. The ability of both unparasitized and parasitized caterpillars to find corner plants was similar but decreased with central plant density. Survival of both the herbivore and parasitoid increased with plant density and was higher for unparasitized than for parasitized caterpillars. Our results, in comparison with previous studies, reveal that quantitative constraints are far more important that qualitative constraints on the performance of gregarious insect herbivores and their gregarious parasitoids in nature.
Figure 4 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 4. Mucomyia emersa immature stages. (a) Larval head capsule, ventral view; (b) larval mouthparts, ventral view; (c) segment IX of pupa, dorsal view; (d) segment IX of pupa, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: lm = labium; lr = labrum; mc = maxillary cardo; md = mandible; mp = maxillary palp.
Figure 7 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 7. Mucomyia browni adult male and female. (a) Male head, frontal view; (b) wing; (c) apical flagellomeres of antenna; (d) male terminalia, dorsal view; (e) female terminalia, ventral view. Scale bars = 125 µm (a), 50 µm (c, d), 100 µm (e).
Figure 6 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of larval and pupal Mucomyia emersa. (a) Antenna of larva, dorsal view; (b) anal division of larva, dorsal view; (c) segment VII of larva, dorsolateral view; (d) detail of posterior spiracles of larva, dorsal view; (e) respiratory organ of pupa, anterodorsal view; (f) mesonotum of pupa, anterodorsal view; (g) partial thorax and abdomen of pupa, anterodorsal view; (h) segment IX of pupa, dorsal view. Scale bars = 10 µm (a–f), 100 µm (g, h). Abbreviations: m = mesotergite; me = mushroom element; mt = microtrichia; p = protergite; pr = pores; ps = posterior spiracles; st = setae; t = metatergite.
Figure 5 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 5. Mucomyia emersa adult male. (a) Male head, frontal view, (b) male terminalia, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ae = aedeagus; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; ep = epandrium; gc = gonocoxal condyle; gs = gonostyle; gx = gonocoxite; ha = hypandrium; ho = hypoproct; pm = paramere; ss = surstylus; tn = tenaculum.
Figure 1 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 1. Araceae plant from which Mucomyia emersa larvae were collected. (a) Habitus of plant, (b) detail of plant mucilage inhabited by larvae.
Data from: Reprograming of epigenetic mechanisms controlling host insect immunity and development in response to egg-laying by a parasitoid wasp
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Data from: Plant quantity affects development and survival of a gregarious insect herbivore and its endoparasitoid wasp
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Data from: Young but not defenseless: antifungal activity during embryonic development of a social insect
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Young but not defenseless: Antifungal activity during embryonic development of a social insect
<p> Termites live in environments heavily colonized by diverse microbial communities, including pathogens. Eggs laid within the nest likely experience similar pathogenic pressures as their older nestmates. Consequently, they may have also been under selective pressures to be immune-competent. Through <i>in vitro</i> experiments, we tested the ontogeny, location and strength of embryos' antifungal activity against the fungus <i>Metarhizium brunneum</i>. Extraembryonic washes and intraembryonic components were incubated with fungal conidia, which was then scored for viability. Fungistatic activity was location- and stage-dependent. Extraembryonic washes had relatively weak antifungal activity. Conversely, intraembryonic contents were highly antifungal, exhibiting increased potency through development. Boiling both embryonic washes and intraembryonic contents rescued conidia viability, indicating the antifungal agent(s) is (are) heat-sensitive, and likely proteinaceous. Embryonic protein profiles shifted from putative vitellogenins in young embryos to multiple proteins in subsequent stages, suggesting that the increase in fungistatic activity may be due to the expression of endogenous proteins during embryogenesis. This study is the first to address embryonic antifungal activity in a hemimetabolous, eusocial taxon. Our results support the hypothesis that microbes have been significant agents of selection, fostering the evolution of antifungal properties in termite eggs, the most immature and supposed, most vulnerable stage of development.</p>
Figure 3 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 3. Habitus of Mucomyia emersa male, head and abdomen removed.
Figure 2 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 2. Habitus of Mucomyia emersa larvae in plant mucilage.
Developing floral-baited traps to survey pollinators in insect-pollinated crops: findings from an oil palm case study
<p>In this study, we used oil palm as a case study system to trial a new trap design to selectively survey pollinators of insect pollinated crops. The trap consisted of a pan trap baited with half a male oil palm inflorescence at anthesis, with varying number of flowers open. To assess effectiveness of the trap across different environments, we set pairs of baited and non-baited control pan traps in habitat conditions ranging from young to mature palms, and continuous blocks of oil palm to strips of oil palm around rivers in industrial oil palm plantations in Riau, Indonesia. We identified all arthropods collected to order level or lower. </p>
Young but not defenseless: Antifungal activity during embryonic development of a social insect
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Data from: The effect of egg size on hatch time and metabolic rate: theoretical and empirical insights on developing insect embryos
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Caterpillar-Induced Rice Volatile (E)-β-Farnesene Impairs the Development and Survival of Chilo suppressalis Larvae by Disrupting Insect Hormone Balance
GEO Series GSE179532. Chilo suppressalis. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptome sequencing of and microarray development for a Helicoverpa zea cell line to investigate in vitro insect cell-baculovirus interactions
GEO Series GSE34418. Helicoverpa zea. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
A galling insect activates plant reproductive programs during gall development
GEO Series GSE118569. Vitis riparia. 27 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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