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58 results for “intraguild predation”
Dances with wolves: the demographic consequence of asymmetric competition and intraguild predation in a native-invasive skink system
<p><span>1. Currently, we lack enough knowledge to fully explain how the impacts of species invasion on native communities are attributed to multifaceted, individual-based behavioral outcomes.</span></p> <p><span>2. Here, we illustrate the long-term population dynamics of the native long-tailed sun skink (Eutropis longicaudata) before and after the invasion of the common sun skink (Eutropis multifasciata). We conducted diet investigation, morphological measurement, and a series of behavioral experiments both in the field and laboratory. We explained how the impacts of the invasive skink on the native skink can cascade towards the population level based on these individual-level behavioral data.</span></p> <p><span>3. We present evidence of competition exclusion of the native skink population resulting from the invasion of the common sun skink. The drastic decline found in the native skink population was largely accounted for by low recruitment, as shown by the decrease in its clutch numbers correspondingly.</span></p> <p><span>4. We also found dominance of the invasive skink in both exploitation competition and intraguild predation. Considering the highly overlapping morphological and dietary niches between the two species, our findings imply that the native skink has undergone strong food competition and predation pressure on its eggs and juveniles.</span></p> <p><span>5. Interestingly, the native skink started to display parental care behavior two years after the invasion event, and its clutch survival rate has recovered since then. The shift in parental care behavior may help the native skink cope with this new predation pressure from the invasive skink.</span></p> <p>6. Overall, the two competitive skinks showed low chances of coexisting. The negative population growth of this native skink species may be primarily derived from poor reproductive performance, given a sharp decline in its clutch numbers and its inferiority in exploitation competition, despite rebounding clutch survival rates.</p>
Figure 3 in A report of intraguild predation by Orthochirus sp. on Hottentotta tamulus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Maharashtra, India
Figure 3. The white circle on the map indicates the location where this behaviour was observed.
Data from: Direct and indirect effect of cannibalism and intraguild predation in the two sibling Harmonia ladybird beetles
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Intraguild processes drive space-use patterns in a large-bodied marine predator community
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Code and Data for: Importance of environmental productivity and diet quality in intraguild predation
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Dances with wolves: the demographic consequence of asymmetric competition and intraguild predation in a native-invasive skink system
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Coincidental intraguild predation among natural enemies of the South American tomato leafminer <em>Phthorimaea</em> <em>absoluta</em>
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Trait adaptation enhances species coexistence and reduces bistability in an intraguild predation module
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Data from: Fatal attraction? Intraguild facilitation and suppression among predators
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Effects of competition and predation risk from a life history intraguild predator on individual specialisation
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Data from: Differential habitat use and recruitment facilitate coexistence in a community with intraguild predation
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Data from: Competitors and predators alter settlement patterns and reproductive success of an intraguild prey
The spatial distribution of predators is affected by intra- and interspecific interactions within the predator guild. Studying these interactions under fluctuating food availability, while taking habitat characteristics into account, offers a quasi-experimental set up to determine the relative impact of con- and heterospecifics on reproductive success of predators. We analyzed the settlement decisions and reproductive success of Eurasian pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum) in the presence of both breeding conspecifics and their competitor and intraguild predator, Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius funereus), under fluctuating abundance of their primary prey (voles). We used detailed data, collected across 11 years in a large study area (1300 km²), on the spatial and temporal variation of habitat characteristics in all available nesting sites, local densities of both species, and vole abundance. We found that pygmy owls strongly avoided breeding close to conspecifics but did not avoid Tengmalm's owl nests. Nest box occupation of pygmy owls was positively correlated to the proportion of old spruce, mature and old pine forests and farmlands, and occupation probability was higher at high vole abundance and in areas occupied in previous years. Pygmy owl avoidance of conspecifics decreased when voles were abundant. At high conspecific density, pygmy owls showed lower hatching success and delayed hatching date, in agreement with the observed spatial avoidance. Finally, even though breeding pygmy owls did not spatially avoid Tengmalm's owls, the density of heterospecifics correlated with low hatching and fledging success in pygmy owls. This suggests short term fitness costs when living close to competitors, even when lethal effects of intraguild interactions are subtle. Our results suggest that joint costs of exploitative and interference competition by Tengmalm's owls, as well as intraguild predation, were lower than those induced by intraspecific competition only. This result might be due to the similar body size between the species considered, Tengmalm's owls being only twice as large as pygmy owls. Interactions among con- and heterospecifics can therefore modify the spatial settlement and reproductive success of individuals on a landscape scale, also within the predator guild.
Data from: Intraguild predation leads to cascading effects on habitat choice, behaviour and reproductive performance
Intraguild predation (IGP) is a commonly recognized mechanism influencing the community structure of predators, but the complex interactions are notoriously difficult to disentangle. The mesopredator suppression hypothesis predicts that a superpredator may either simultaneously repress two mesopredators, restrain the dominant one and thereby release the subdominant mesopredator, or elicit different responses by both mesopredators. We show the outcome arising from such conditions in a three-level predator assemblage (Eurasian eagle owl Bubo bubo L., northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis L. and common buzzard Buteo buteo L.) studied over 25 years. In the second half of the study period, the eagle owl re-colonized the study area, thereby providing a natural experiment of superpredator introduction. We combined this set-up with detailed GIS analysis of habitat use and a field experiment simulating intrusion by the superpredator into territories of the subdominant mesopredator, the buzzard. Although population trends were positive for all three species in the assemblage, the proportion of failed breeding attempts increased significantly in both mesopredators after the superpredator re-colonized the area. We predicted that superpredator-induced niche shifts in the dominant mesopredator may facilitate mesopredator coexistence in superpredator-free refugia. We found significant changes in nesting habitat choice in goshawk, but not in buzzard. Since competition for enemy-free refugia and the rapid increase in population density may have constrained niche shifts of the subdominant mesopredator, we further predicted behavioural changes in response to the superpredator. The field experiment indeed showed a significant increase in aggressive response of buzzards towards eagle owl territory intrusion over the course of 10 years, probably due to phenotypic plasticity in the response towards superpredation risk. Overall, our results show that intraguild predation can be a powerful force of behavioural change, simultaneously influencing habitat use and aggressiveness in predator communities. These changes might help to buffer mesopredator populations against the negative effects of intraguild predation.
Data from: Reciprocal intraguild predation and predator coexistence
1. Intraguild predation is a mix of competition and predation, and occurs when one species feeds on another species that uses similar resources. Theory predicts that intraguild predation hampers coexistence of species involved, but it is common in nature. It has been suggested that increasing habitat complexity and the presence of alternative food may promote coexistence. Reciprocal intraguild predation limits possibilities for coexistence even further. Habitat complexity and the presence of alternative food are believed to promote coexistence. 2. We investigated this using two species of predatory mites, Iphiseiodes zuluagai and Euseius concordis, by assessing co-occurrence in the field and on arenas differing in spatial structure in the laboratory. 3. The predators co-occured on the same plants in the field. In the laboratory, adults of the two mites fed on juveniles of the other species, both in the presence and the absence of a shared food source, showing that the two species are involved in reciprocal intraguild predation. Adults of I. zuluagai also attacked adults of E. concordis This suggests limited possibilities for coexistence of the two species. Indeed, E. concordis invariably went extinct extremely rapidly on arenas without spatial structure with populations consisting of all stages of the two predators and with a shared resource. Coexistence was prolonged on host plant leaves with extra food sources, but E. concordis still went extinct. On small, intact plants, coexistence of the two species was much longer, and ended with the other species, I. zuluagai, often going extinct. 4. These results suggest that spatial structure and the presence of alternative food increase the coexistence period of intraguild predators.
Pulsed supplies of small fish facilitate short-term intraguild predation in salmon-stocked streams
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Pulsed supplies of prey generally increase predator food intake. However, it is unclear whether this holds true when predators and pulsed prey are in same guild (i.e., intraguild [IG] predators and prey). IG prey may increase IG-predator food intake through predation, but they may decrease food intake through competition. To test these hypotheses, we compared the food intake of white-spotted charr (<em>Salvelinus leucomaenis</em>) (IG predator) in streams that were stocked or unstocked with masu salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus masou</em>) fry (IG prey) in streams in Hokkaido, Japan. One day after stocking, mean stomach content weight of charr was six-times higher than in unstocked streams due to fry consumption. In particular, large charr showed intense piscivory. However, predation on fry was rare on other days. Decreasing small fry may be partially responsible for the short-term occurrence of predation. In addition, acquisition of predator-avoidance behavior by fry and/or a lack of accommodation by charr to the sudden emergence of a new prey source may explain this time-limited intraguild predation. In days other than the first day post-stocking, food intake by charr did not differ between stocked and unstocked streams. No effects of interspecific competition on charr food intake were observed.</span></p>
Intraguild predation is increased in areas of low prey diversity in a generalist predator community
<p>1. Niche differentiation and intraguild predation (IGP) can allow ecologically similar species to coexist, although it is unclear which coexistence mechanism predominates in consumer communities. Until now, a limited ability to quantify diets from metabarcoding data has precluded the use of sequencing data to determine the relative importance of these mechanisms.</p> <p>2. Here, we pair a recent metabarcoding quantification approach with stable isotope analysis to examine diet composition in a wolf spider community.</p> <p>3. We compare the prevalence of resource partitioning and IGP in these spiders, and test whether factors that influence foraging performance, including individual identity, morphology, prey community, and environmental conditions, can explain variation in diet composition and IGP.</p> <p>4. Extensive IGP is likely the primary coexistence mechanism in this community, and other factors to which foraging variation is often attributed do not explain diet composition and IGP here. Rather, IGP increases as prey diversity decreases.</p> <p>5. Foragers are driven to IGP where resource niches are limited. We highlight the need to examine how drivers of predator-prey interaction strengths translate into foraging in natural systems.</p>
Data from: Top predators and habitat complexity alter an intraguild predation module in pond communities
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Data from: Intraguild predation leads to cascading effects on habitat choice, behaviour and reproductive performance
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Data from: Trophic omnivory across a productivity gradient: intraguild predation theory and the structure and strength of species interactions
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Data from: Do the antipredator strategies of shared prey mediate intraguild predation and mesopredator suppression?
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