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Woodiness and succulence of the Canary Islands flora
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Morphological traits of the flora of the Canary Islands
<p><span><strong>Aim:</strong> </span><span>Functional traits can help elucidate biogeographical and ecological processes driving assemblage structure. We analysed the functional diversity of plant species of different evolutionary origins across an island archipelago, along environmental gradients and across geological age, to assess functional aspects of island biogeographic theory.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location: </span></strong><span>Canary Islands, Spain.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Major taxa studied:</strong> </span><span>Spermatophytes.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Time period</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> Present-day.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods:</strong> </span><span>We collected data for four traits (plant height, leaf length, flower length and fruit length) associated with resource acquisition, competitive ability, reproduction and dispersal ability of 893 endemic, non-endemic native and alien plant species (~43 % of the Canary Island flora) from the literature. Linking these traits to species' occurrences and composition across a 500 m x 500 m grid, we calculated functional diversity for endemic, non-endemic native and alien assemblages using multi-dimensional functional hypervolumes and related the resulting patterns to climatic (humidity) and island biogeographic (geographical isolation, topographic complexity, geological age) gradients.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Results:</strong> Trait space of endemic and non-endemic native species overlapped considerably, while alien species added novel trait combinations, expanding the overall functional space of the Canary Islands. We found that functional diversity of endemic plant assemblages was highest in geographically isolated and humid grid cells. Functional diversity of non-endemic native assemblages was highest in less isolated and humid grid cells. In contrast, functional diversity of alien assemblages was highest in arid ecosystems. Topographic complexity and geological age only had a subordinate effect on functional diversity across floristic groups.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> </span><span>We found that endemic and non-endemic native island species possess similar traits, while alien species tend to expand functional space in ecosystems where they have been introduced. The spatial distribution of the floristic groups' functional diversity is very distinct across environmental gradients, indicating that species assemblages of different evolutionary origins functionally thrive in dissimilar habitats.</span></p>
Data set - Island area and historical geomorphological dynamics shape multifaceted diversity of barrier island floras
<div> <p><span>The influence of island dynamics and characteristics on taxonomic diversity, particularly species richness, are well studied. Yet, our knowledge on the influence of island dynamics and characteristics on other facets of diversity, namely functional and phylogenetic diversity, is limited, constraining our understanding of assembly processes on islands (e.g., biogeographic history, dispersal and environmental filtering, and species interactions). Using barrier islands, a highly dynamic and so far, understudied island type, we investigate how multiple facets of vascular plant diversity (functional, phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity) are shaped by island geomorphology, modern and historic area, and habitat heterogeneity. In line with our expectation, historical dynamics in island geomorphology affected phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity via habitat heterogeneity. However, island area was the best predictor across all facets of diversity. Specifically, larger islands had higher functional and phylogenetic diversity than expected by chance while most of the smaller islands had lower diversity. The influence of area on functional diversity acted via habitat heterogeneity, with habitat heterogeneity influencing negatively functional diversity. Our results suggest that larger islands accumulate functionally and phylogenetically unique species. Further, results for functional diversity pointed towards potential area-heterogeneity trade-offs, with these trade-offs likely resulting from increased interspecific competition favoring a specific set of trait values (of stronger competitors), particularly on smaller islands. Together, these results demonstrate that going beyond taxonomic diversity contributes to identifying underlying processes shaping diversity-area relationships. </span></p> </div>
Fig. 1 in Short communication Contribution to the vascular flora of Ventotene and Santo Stefano islands (Pontine Islands, Lazio, Italy) with two taxa new to Lazio
Fig. 1 - Oenothera speciosa Nutt. (Foto F. Conti).
Image 2 in Aizoaceae (Magnoliopsida: Caryophyllales) - a new family record to the flora of Andaman Islands, India
Image 2. Herbarium image of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. (Aizoaceae)
Image 1 in Aizoaceae (Magnoliopsida: Caryophyllales) - a new family record to the flora of Andaman Islands, India
Image 1. Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. (Aizoaceae)
Data set - Island area and historical geomorphological dynamics shape multifaceted diversity of barrier island floras
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Morphological traits of the flora of the Canary Islands
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Source pools and disharmony of the world's island floras
Island disharmony refers to the biased representation of higher taxa on islands compared to their mainland source regions and represents a central concept in island biology. Here, we develop a generalizable framework for approximating these source regions and conduct the first global assessment of island disharmony and its underlying drivers. We compiled vascular plant species lists for 178 oceanic islands and 735 mainland regions. Using mainland data only, we modelled species turnover as a function of environmental and geographic distance and predicted the proportion of shared species between each island and mainland region. We then quantified the over- or under-representation of families on individual islands (representational disharmony) by contrasting the observed number of species against a null model of random colonization from the mainland source pool, and analysed the effects of six family-level functional traits on the resulting measure. Furthermore, we aggregated the values of representational disharmony per island to characterize overall taxonomic bias of a given flora (compositional disharmony), and analysed this second measure as a function four island biogeographical variables. Our results indicate considerable variation representational disharmony both within and among plant families. Examples of generally over-represented families include Urticaceae, Convolvulaceae and almost all pteridophyte families. Other families such as Asteraceae and Orchidaceae were generally under-represented, with local peaks of over-representation in known radiation hotspots. Abiotic pollination and a lack of dispersal specialization were most strongly associated with an insular over-representation of families, whereas other family-level traits showed minor effects. With respect to compositional disharmony, large, high-elevation islands tended to have the most disharmonic floras. Our results provide important insights into the taxon- and island-specific drivers of disharmony. The proposed framework allows overcoming the limitations of previous approaches and provides a quantitative basis for incorporating functional and phylogenetic approaches into future studies of island disharmony.
Supplementary material 1 from: Brock KC, Daehler CC (2020) Applying an invasion and risk framework to track non-native island floras: a case study of challenges and solutions in Hawai'i. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 55-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.52764
Guidance on the status confidence rating and adapting a regional checklist to track invasion statuses
Data from: Habitat filtering not dispersal limitation shapes oceanic island floras: species assembly of the Galápagos archipelago
Remote locations, such as oceanic islands, typically harbour relatively few species, some of which go on to generate endemic radiations. Species colonising these locations tend to be a non-random subset from source communities, which is thought to reflect dispersal limitation. However, non-random colonisation could also result from habitat filtering, whereby only a few continental species can become established. We evaluate the imprints of these processes on the Galápagos flora by analysing a comprehensive regional phylogeny for ~ 39 000 species alongside information on dispersal strategies and climatic suitability. We found that habitat filtering was more important than dispersal limitation in determining species composition. This finding may help explain why adaptive radiation is common on oceanic archipelagoes – because colonising species can be relatively poor dispersers with specific niche requirements. We suggest that the standard assumption that plant communities in remote locations are primarily shaped by dispersal limitation deserves reconsideration.
Supplementary material 1 from: Di Gristina E, Domina G, Barone G (2021) The alien vascular flora of Stromboli and Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Italian Botanist 12: 63-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.74033
Table with the species and subspecies of alien vascular plants present in the islands of Stromboli and Vulcano
FIGURE 4. Geranium carolinianum floral and vegetative parts. A in Contribution to Egypt's Flora: new records from Nile Islands, South Valley, Egypt
FIGURE 4. Geranium carolinianum floral and vegetative parts. A. Life form (vegetative plant). B and C. Flowers. D. Herbarium specimen [Fatma A.A. Ayed 11820 (ASW, TANE, CAI)]. Leaves in maturation, primary and secondary lobes split and divided into a new one.
FIGURE 3 in Contribution to Egypt's Flora: new records from Nile Islands, South Valley, Egypt
FIGURE 3. Distribution pattern (world native and introduced range) of the three newly recorded taxa in the world (designed by the Author).
FIGURE 5. Macroptilium atropurpureum floral and vegetative parts. A. Life form. B in Contribution to Egypt's Flora: new records from Nile Islands, South Valley, Egypt
FIGURE 5. Macroptilium atropurpureum floral and vegetative parts. A. Life form. B. Petals of flower. C. 3-foliolate leaves. D. Seed under Olympus SZ61 microscope with Toup camera (Scale bar = 500 μm). E. Herbarium specimen [Fatma A.A. Ayed 11821 (ASW, TANE, CAI)].
FIGURE 1. A in Contribution to Egypt's Flora: new records from Nile Islands, South Valley, Egypt
FIGURE 1. A. The studied Nile Islands in Aswan Governorate, Egypt. B. The distribution pattern of the three newly recorded taxa in the first reach region in the Nile River, Egypt.
FIGURE 1. A in Timothy J. Motley (4 June 1965-28 March 2013) and his passion for Ethnobotany and Pacific Islands flora
FIGURE 1. A. Tim two years old (on left), with his brothers Jeremy and Gavin. B. Tim eight years old (middle), on first school day of third grade, waiting for the bus with Jeremy and Gavin. C. Tim on his 14th birthday celebration. D. Tim with Rapa Iti on background, during the 2002 expedition. E. Tim and Tatyana on wedding day. F. Tim teaching, with students at Old Dominium University. A, B and C photos by Joan Motley, D photo by Roland Fenstemacher, E photo by Daniel Atha, F photo by Sushil Paudyal.
FIGURE 3 in Contribution to the flora of the Maltese Islands: Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce and Euphorbia exigua s. l. (Euphorbiaceae)
FIGURE 3. Euphorbia exigua growing on arid rocky ground at Torre Salsa (Agrigento, S Sicily, 21/April/2014) attaining the same habit and form as var. pycnophylla Left: in situ; right: collection of few specimens over a graph paper (small gridboxes 2 mm/division; large gridboxes 2cm / box).
FIGURE 1 in Contribution to the flora of the Maltese Islands: Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce and Euphorbia exigua s. l. (Euphorbiaceae)
FIGURE 1. Photos of stipules (left), fruit capsules (centre) and seeds (right) of: A: Euphorbia serpens (EUP03); B: Euphorbia chamaesyce (EUP05); C: Euphorbia maculata (EUP15), D: Euphorbia prostrata (EUP 11); E. Euphorbia hypericifolia (EUP 20). Scale bar = 2mm.
FIGURE 2 in Contribution to the flora of the Maltese Islands: Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce and Euphorbia exigua s. l. (Euphorbiaceae)
FIGURE 2. Individuals collected from Dingli Cliffs on 12/April/2014 with typical forms of Euphorbia exigua sensu stricto on the left, E. exigua var. pycnophylla on the right and intermediate forms in between.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.