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68 results for “isolation–by–distance”
FIG. 3. Cytochrome b in Comprehensive Analysis of Salamander Hybridization Suggests a Consistent Relationship between Genetic Distance and Reproductive Isolation across Tetrapods
FIG. 3. Cytochrome b (MT-CYB) genetic distances between parental species that hybridize in different tetrapod groups. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed no significant differences across the groups (P ¼ 0.661). Salamanders are not hybridizing across greater genetic distances.
FIG. 1 in Comprehensive Analysis of Salamander Hybridization Suggests a Consistent Relationship between Genetic Distance and Reproductive Isolation across Tetrapods
FIG. 1. Salamander hybrids are found in most families (Pyron and Wiens, 2011). About 12.1% of salamanders are known to hybridize with over half belonging to Plethodontidae. There was no significant correlation between the number of papers per species and the proportion of salamanders found to hybridize (Kendall's rank correlation P ¼ 0.236).
FIG. 4 in Comprehensive Analysis of Salamander Hybridization Suggests a Consistent Relationship between Genetic Distance and Reproductive Isolation across Tetrapods
FIG. 4. Genetic distance ratio of mitochondrial cytochrome b (MTCYB) to nuclear recombination activating 1 (RAG1) for pairs of species that hybridize in major tetrapod clade on a log scale. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed no strong significant differences across the four groups (P ¼ 0.108).
Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
<p class="BodyA">Consistent and objective species delimitation is crucial to biodiversity studies, but challenges remain when conflicting taxonomic decisions have been made because different data sets and analytical methods were used to delineate species. In the rhinoceros beetle, <em>Xylotrupes siamensis</em>, the use of different morphological characters has resulted in taxonomic disagreement between studies. We used three molecular loci (mitochondrial <em>CO1</em> and nuclear ITS2 and <em>H3</em>) to investigate the genetic divergence between populations exhibiting different male horn phenotypes. We also applied an approximate Bayesian computation approach to test alternative historical hypotheses that might explain the present genetic diversity among geographical populations. Furthermore, we used species distribution models to estimate the temporal variation in the geographical distribution of suitable habitats. The results show that the two phenotypic taxa within <em>X. siamensis</em> are not genetically structured and that their genetic structure can be explained using isolation by geographical distance. The emergence of the two phenotypic taxa might have been associated with historical isolation in separate refugia. However, spatial expansion and genetic interchange between populations might have gradually eroded the spatial genetic structure. We demonstrate that understanding the historical processes responsible for phenotypic divergence and genetic diversity among current populations could help with making evolutionarily coherent taxonomic decisions.</p>
Figure 3 in Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 3. Phylogenetic networks of the three analysed loci and three historical scenarios explaining the origin of the CLAOS population tested using the DIYABC program. The colour of each individual shown in the network corresponds to the taxonomic assignment colour in the DIYABC analysis. Scenario 2 was the most likely model selected by the program (~60% posterior support), and scenario 1 also received moderate support (~30% posterior support). Results of posterior support among scenarios and model checking, in addition to the estimated parameter values (population sizes and divergence times), can be found in the Supporting Information (Figs S3–S8).
Figure 1 in Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 1. Different male horn phenotypes in Xylotrupes siamensis. Left panels show exemplars of males of the Tonkinensis (short horn) phenotypes and right panels the Siamensis (long horn with a cephalic horn denticle) phenotype. Samples from the CLAOS population (for details, see Table 1; Fig. 2) exhibit intermediate horn length, and the major males have the cephalic horn denticle.
Figure 4 in Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 4. Associations between three biogeographical distance measures and genetic differentiation (FST), measured at three loci (CO1, ITS2 and H3), for populations of Xylotrupes siamensis. Mantel test statistics (r) indicate the strength and significance of correlations between the genetic distance and biogeographical distance. Distance calculations are detailed in the Material and Methods section. Least cost distances were subject to rescaling and are thus unitless.
Figure 2. A in Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 2. A, the sampling sites of Xylotrupes siamensis populations in this study. White circles indicate samples of the Tonkinensis form and grey circles the Siamensis form. The Mekong River is indicated using a thick grey line; elevational differences are shown via a coloured scale, where a lighter colour depicts higher elevation (maximum = 4000 m a.s.l.). B, location of the study area within the Asia–Pacific region. C–E, species distribution model predictions based on the Last Interglacial (C), the Last Glacial Maximum (D) and current climatic conditions (E) are shown, where darker blue indicates higher predicted climatic suitability.
An evaluation of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR) on genetic structure of the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) in the Zagros forests of Iran
<p>For conservation of wild species, it is important to understand how landscape change and land management can affect gene flow and movement. Landscape genetic analyses provide a powerful approach to infer effects of various landscape factors on gene flow, thereby informing conservation actions. The Persian squirrel is a keystone species in the woodlands and oak forests of Western Asia, where it has experienced recent habitat loss and fragmentation. We conducted landscape genetic analyses of individuals sampled in the northern Zagros Mountains of Iran (provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and Ilam), focusing on evaluation of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR), using 16 microsatellite markers. The roles of geographical distance and landscape features including roads, rivers, developed areas, farming and agriculture, forests, lakes, plantation forests, rangelands, shrublands and rocky areas of varying canopy cover, and swamp margins on genetic structure were quantified using individual-based approaches and resistance surface modelling. We found a significant pattern of IBD but only weak support for an effect of forest cover on genetic structure and gene flow. It seems that geographical distance is an important factor limiting the dispersal of the Persian squirrel in this region. The results of the current study inform ongoing conservation programs for the Persian squirrel in the Zagros oak forest.</p>
The Optimising Isolation, Quarantine and Distancing Study for COVID-19 (Optimise)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05323799. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Availability of COVID-19 Testing on Choice to Isolate and Socially Distance
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04459520. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Data from: Isolation by distance among California sea lion populations in Mexico: redefining management stocks
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Data from: Rapid microsatellite isolation from a butterfly by de novo transcriptome sequencing: performance and a comparison with AFLP-derived distances
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Data from: Spatial patterns of AFLP diversity in Bulbophyllum occultum (Orchidaceae) indicate long-term refugial isolation in Madagascar and long-distance colonization effects in La Réunion
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Data from: Isolation by distance, resistance and/or clusters? Lessons learned from a forest-dwelling carnivore inhabiting a heterogeneous landscape
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Data from: Population assignment and local adaptation along an isolation-by-distance gradient in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
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Data from: Male and female contributions to behavioral isolation in darters as a function of genetic distance and color distance
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Data from: Genetic structure of the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina: Evidence for isolation by distance in Europe and recent founder effects overseas
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Genetic Distances between badgers (based on microsatellite-derived estimates of relatedness) and M. bovis isolates (based on pairwise SNP distances) alongside categories describing social group membership, age and sex categories
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Data from: Are habitat fragmentation, local adaptation and isolation by distance driving population divergence in wild rice Oryza rufipogon?
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