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36 results for “karyotype evolution”
Figure 1 in Karyotype evolution in Ronderosia grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Figure 1. Distribution of heterochromatin in Ronderosia species. C-banding (A-F) staining. Pictures were obtained from male metaphase I meiocytes. Autosomes with positive signals are indicated with numbers. Green (neo-X) and blue (neo-Y) arrows show positive signals: R. piceomaculata (A), R. malloi (B), R. paraguayensis (C), R. forcipata (D), R. cinctipes (E), R. gracilis (F). Scale bar = 10 μm.
Figure 5 in Karyotype evolution in Ronderosia grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Figure 5. FISH of multigene families in male metaphase I chromosomes of seven Ronderosia species, counterstained with DAPI (blue). Positive signals for U2, H3 and telomere (TTAGG)n probes are indicated with the chromosome number (1-11) for R. piceomaculata (A - C), R. malloi (D - F), R. dubia (G - I), R. paraguayensis (J - L), R. forcipata (M - O), R. cinctipes (P, Q), R. gracilis (R - T). Positive red signals indicate telomere sequence locations. Neo-sex chromosomes (white dotted lines) and metacentric autosomes (1/5) are indicated. The phylogenetic hypothesis shown is from Castillo et al. (2019). Scale bar = 10 μm.
Figure 4 in Karyotype evolution in Ronderosia grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Figure 4. FISH of multigene families in male metaphase I chromosomes of seven Ronderosia species, counterstained with DAPI (blue). Positive signals for 18S and 5S probes are indicated with the chromosome number (1-11) for R. piceomaculata (A, B), R. malloi (C, D), R. dubia (E), R. paraguayensis (F, G), R. forcipata (H, I), R. cinctipes (J), R. gracilis (K, L). Neo-sex chromosomes (white dotted lines) and metacentric autosomes (1/5) are indicated. The phylogenetic hypothesis shown is from Castillo et al. (2019). Scale Bar = 10 μm.
Figure 3 in Karyotype evolution in Ronderosia grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Figure 3. Chromosome location of 18S and 5S in eight Ronderosia species. Grey squares indicate the existence of a certain chromosome whereas white areas represent the absence of that chromosome. Coloured squares indicate different gene locations detected by FISH; light blue (pr = proximal), blue (pc = pericentromeric), green (d = distal) and turquoise (i = interstitial). 1/5 = fusion between autosome 1 with autosome 5, X4 = neo-X (X/4 fusion), X2 = neo-X (X/2 fusion), X4* = neo-X2, Y = neo-Y, Y2/4 = neo-Y (2/4 fusion). Chromosome locations for R. bergii were taken from Palacios-Gimenez et al. (2015).
Figure 2 in Karyotype evolution in Ronderosia grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Figure 2. Chromosome location of heterochromatic regions in eight Ronderosia species. White areas represent the absence of that chromosome. Coloured squares indicate a heterochromatic block revealed by C-banding in a particular location; light blue (pr = proximal), blue (pc = pericentromeric), green (d = distal) and turquoise (i = interstitial). ND indicates no C-banding data. CH = completely heterochromatic, 1/5 = fusion between autosome 1 with autosome 5, X4 = neo-X (X/4 fusion), X2 = neo-X (X/2 fusion), X4*=neo-X2, Y = neo-Y, Y2/4 = neo-Y (2/4 fusion). Heterochromatic block locations for R. bergii were taken from Palacios-Gimenez et al. (2015).
Data from: Analysis of the karyotype structure in Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767): inferences about the chromosomal evolution of the tribes of Harpactorinae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae)
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Tempo and mode in karyotype evolution revealed by a probabilistic model incorporating both chromosome number and morphology
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Figure 3 from: Wang L-J, Gao M-D, Sheng M-Y, Yin J (2020) Cluster analysis of karyotype similarity coefficients in Epimedium (Berberidaceae): insights in the systematics and evolution. PhytoKeys 161: 11-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.161.51046
Figure 3 Diagram of cluster analysis of karyotype similarity coefficients in 51 Epimedium taxa and two Vancouveria species.
Figure 2 from: Wang L-J, Gao M-D, Sheng M-Y, Yin J (2020) Cluster analysis of karyotype similarity coefficients in Epimedium (Berberidaceae): insights in the systematics and evolution. PhytoKeys 161: 11-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.161.51046
Figure 2 Mitotic metaphase chromosomes in 27 Epimedium taxa and two Vancouveria species. 25E. sagittatum26E. sagittatum var. glabratum27E. dolichostemon28E. truncatum29E. brevicornu30E. myrianthum31E. stellulatum32E. fargesii33E. elachyphyllum34E. koreanum35E. grandiflorum var. grandiflorum36E. grandiflorum var. thunbergianum37E. grandiflorum var. higoense38E. grandiflorum var. coelestre39E. sempervirens40E. sempervirens var. hypoglaucum41E. sempervirens var. multifoliolatum42E. trifoliatobinatum43E. diphyllum44E. cremeum45E. kitamuranum46E. setosum47E. alpinum48E. pubigerum49E. pinnatum subsp. colchicum50E. pinnatum cv. "Elegans" 51E. perralderianum52V. hexandra53V. chrysantha. Scale bars: 5 μm.
Figure 1 from: Wang L-J, Gao M-D, Sheng M-Y, Yin J (2020) Cluster analysis of karyotype similarity coefficients in Epimedium (Berberidaceae): insights in the systematics and evolution. PhytoKeys 161: 11-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.161.51046
Figure 1 Mitotic metaphase chromosomes in 24 Epimedium species. 1E. ecalcaratum2E. shuichengense3E. platypetalum4E. davidii5E. pauciflorum6E. flavum7E. ilicifolium8E. mikinorii9E. membranaceum10E. lishihchenii11E. acuminatum12E. wushanense13E. leptorrhizum14E. baojingense15E. chlorandrum16E. luodianense17E. pudingense18E. glandulosopilosum19E. pseudowushanense20E. franchetii21E. enshiense22E. sutchuenense23E. zhushanense24E. pubescens. Scale bars: 5 μm.
Supplementary material 1 from: Wang L-J, Gao M-D, Sheng M-Y, Yin J (2020) Cluster analysis of karyotype similarity coefficients in Epimedium (Berberidaceae): insights in the systematics and evolution. PhytoKeys 161: 11-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.161.51046
Table S1. Karyotype resemblance-near coefficients in 51 Epimedium taxa and two Vancouveria species
Data from: Rates of karyotypic evolution in Estrildid finches differ between island and continental clades
Reasons why chromosomal rearrangements spread to fixation and frequently distinguish related taxa remain poorly understood. We used cytological descriptions of karyotype to identify large pericentric inversions between species of Estrildid finches (family Estrildidae) and a time-dated phylogeny to assess the genomic, geographic, and phylogenetic context of karyotype evolution in this group. Inversions between finch species fixed at an average rate of one every 2.26 My. Inversions were twice as likely to fix on the sex chromosomes compared to the autosomes. A high repeat density on the sex chromosomes may increase mutation rates, but other explanations via mutagenic input are not supported, as the number of inversions on a chromosome does not correlate with its length or map size. Inversions have fixed 3.3× faster in three continental clades than in two island chain clades, and fixation rate correlates with both range size and the number of sympatric species pairs. These results point to adaptation as the dominant mechanism driving fixation and suggest a role for gene flow in karyotype divergence. A review shows that the rapid karyotype evolution observed in the Estrildid finches appears to be more general across birds, and by implication other understudied taxa.
Data from: Rates of karyotypic evolution in Estrildid finches differ between island and continental clades
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Data from: Meiotic drive shapes rates of karyotype evolution in mammals
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Figure 6 in Karyotype evolution in Ronderosia grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Figure 6. Ancestral range estimations for eight species of Ronderosia obtained with BioGeoBEARS for the H3 and U2 genes. Time calibration and major geological epochs indicated below the tree. Chromosome numbers indicated above the graphic. Grey squares indicate the existence of a chromosome whereas white areas represent the absence of a chromosome. Coloured squares indicate different gene locations detected by FISH; light blue (pr = proximal), blue (pc = pericentromeric), green (d = distal) and turquoise (i = interstitial). 1/5 = fusion between autosome 1 with autosome 5, X4 = neo-X (X/4 fusion), X2 = neo-X (X/2 fusion), X4* = neo-X2, Y = neo-Y, Y2/4 = neo-Y (2/4 fusion).
Figure 7 in Karyotype evolution in Ronderosia grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Figure 7. Ancestral state reconstruction of chromosome number. State 0, '2n = 23' (blue circles); state 1, '2n = 22' (green circles); state 2, '2n = 21' (pink circles); state 3, '2n = 20' (orange circles). Picture of R. bergii represents the type species of the genus Ronderosia (Cigliano et al., 2022).
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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