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90 results for “landscape composition”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Landscape composition, configuration, and trophic interactions shape arthropod communities in rice agroecosystems

1. Increasing landscape heterogeneity of agroecosystems can enhance natural enemy populations and promote biological control. However, little is known about the multi-scale effects of landscape heterogeneity on arthropod communities in rice agroecosystems, especially in combination with trophic interactions. 2. We examined for the first time how landscape heterogeneity, measured by four independent metrics of landscape composition and configuration at three spatial scales, affected species abundance and species richness of rice arthropods within four functional groups and the abundance of the most common species at 28 sites in the Philippines. We additionally examined the influence of trophic interactions among these functional groups. 3. We found that both the compositional and configurational landscape heterogeneity in combination with trophic interactions determine the structure of rice-arthropod communities. Herbivore abundance decreased with increasing landscape diversity. The abundance of parasitoids and species richness of both parasitoids and predators increased with the structural connectivity of rice bunds. Fragmentation of the rice landscape had a clear negative effect on most arthropod groups, with the exception of highly mobile predatory arthropods. Abundance of common predators and detritivore species decreased with increasing complexity in the shape of rice patches. 4. Trophic interactions, measured as the abundance of prey, outweighed the importance of landscape heterogeneity for predators. In contrast, parasitoids responded positively to configurational landscape heterogeneity but were unaffected by prey abundance. 5. Synthesis and applications. Landscape heterogeneity and trophic interactions had different effects on different functional groups. While predator abundance was solely driven by the availability of prey, all other functional groups in the rice-arthropod community were significantly affected by the composition and configuration of surrounding landscape features. Landscape management aiming to improve biodiversity and biological pest control in rice agroecosystems should promote a diversity of land uses and habitat types within 100–300 m radii to reduce the presence of pests. Management practices should also focus on maintaining smaller rice patches and the structural connectivity of rice bunds to enhance populations of the natural enemies of rice pests. Future research should focus on the temporal and spatial manipulation of rice fields to maximize the effects of biological control.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad36/100

Butterfly community composition within a tropical urban landscape is influenced by habitat type and temperature

The specific factors that influence spatial community or population dynamics are often elusive, and even less known is the impact of tropical urban landscapes on diverse species community assemblages. To address this knowledge gap, we used a survey data set with 510 fruit‐feeding butterflies comprising 20 species across two heterogeneous habitats within a city in Nigeria. Next, we constructed generalised linear mixed models to understand the differential responses of the butterfly community to changes in environmental conditions across habitats. Butterfly species community assemblages significantly differed between the two urban habitats, with butterfly species significantly higher in the savannah woodland compared with the gallery forest due to the optimal daily temperatures of the savannah woodland. However, butterfly richness was lower in the gallery forest due to extreme environmental conditions. This study highlights that butterfly community changes in tropical urban landscapes are possibly responding to local microclimates and spatial heterogeneity across habitats. For evidence‐based conservation management of tropical butterfly biodiversity, there would be a need for a long‐term, extensive and systematic insect monitoring programme for butterflies across disturbed and undisturbed fragmented habitats harbouring diverse insect species.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Landscape composition and life-history traits influence bat movement and space use: analysis of 30 years of published telemetry data

Aim: Animal movement determines home range patterns, which in turn affect individual fitness, population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Using temperate bats, a group of particular conservation concern, we investigated how morphological traits, habitat specialization and environmental variables affect home range sizes and daily foraging movements, using a compilation of 30 years of published bat telemetry data. Location: Northern America and Europe. Time period: 1988 – 2016. Major taxa studied: Bats. Methods: We compiled data on home range size and mean daily distance between roosts and foraging areas at both colony and individual levels from 166 studies of 3,129 radiotracked individuals of 49 bat species. We calculated multi-scale habitat composition and configuration in the surrounding landscapes of the 165 studied roosts. Using mixed models, we examined the effects of habitat availability and spatial arrangement on bat movements, while accounting for body mass, aspect ratio, wing loading and habitat specialization. Results: We found a significant effect of landscape composition on home range size and mean daily distance at both colony and individual levels. On average, home ranges were up to 42% smaller in the most habitat-diversified landscapes while mean daily distances were up to 30% shorter in the most forested landscapes. Bat home range size significantly increased with body mass, wing aspect ratio and wing loading, and decreased with habitat specialization. Main conclusions: Promoting bat movements through the landscape surrounding roosts at large spatial scales is crucial for bat conservation. Forest loss and overall landscape homogenization lead temperate bats to fly farther to meet their ecological requirements, by increasing home range sizes and daily foraging distances. Both processes might be more detrimental for smaller, habitat-specialized bats, less able to travel increasingly longer distances to meet their diverse needs.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Disentangling the interrelated abiotic and biotic pathways linking landscape composition and crop production

Landscape composition and its related functional agrobiodiversity (FAB) was severely simplified during the last decades. As landscape composition is expected to influence the interrelated microclimate and arthropod community at different scales, this simplification might have led to a decline in multiple agro-ecosystem services, with potential impacts for the growth of crops with different demands from the environment. To study landscape-scale effects on multi-crop yield and herbivory in combination with its potential drivers, including functional arthropod community and microclimate, we used standardised 1 m² mini-gardens planted with ten different vegetable crops as phytometers. The gardens were installed at locations varying in surrounding landscape composition and the vegetables were selected to have contrasting requirements in terms of growing conditions, pollination services, and susceptibility to pests. Monitoring of the mini-gardens was performed in 2018 and 2019 in Flanders (Belgium). We found no relationship between landscape composition in a 500 meter radius and crop yield. Considering possible mechanisms, we found that an increasing share of woody vegetation (> 3 m high) in the surrounding landscape is important to buffer the temperature and soil moisture variation in the mini-gardens. The share of agricultural land use and urban green (< 3 m high) is, respectively, positively and negatively related with the activity-density of natural enemies and pollinators. The growth of different crops responded differently to higher temperature ranges and we found no relation between natural enemies and herbivory. In conclusion, these abiotic and biotic pathways did not cause an overall relationship between landscape composition and yield.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Composite landscape predictors improve distribution models of ecosystem types

Aim: Distribution modelling is a useful approach to obtain knowledge about the spatial distribution of biodiversity, required for e.g., red list assessments. While distribution modelling methods have been applied mostly to single species, modelling of communities and ecosystems (EDM; ecosystem-level distribution modelling) produces results that are more directly relevant for management and decision-making. Although the choice of predictors is a pivotal part of the modelling process, few studies have compared the suitability of different sets of predictors for EDM. In this study, we compare the performance of 50 single environmental variables with that of 11 composite landscape gradients (CLGs) for prediction of ecosystem types. The CLGs represent gradients in landscape element composition derived from multivariate analyses, e.g., 'inner-outer coast' and 'land use intensity'. Location: Norway. Methods: We used data from field-based ecosystem type mapping of nine ecosystem types, and environmental variables with a resolution of 100×100 m. We built nine models for each ecosystem type with variables from different predictor sets. Logistic regression with forward selection of variables was used for EDM. Models were evaluated with independently collected data. Results: Most ecosystem types could be predicted reliably, although model performance differed among ecosystem types. We identified significant differences in predictive power and model parsimony across models built from different predictor sets. Climatic variables alone performed poorly, indicating that the current climate alone is not sufficient to predict the current distribution of ecosystems. Used alone, the CLGs resulted in parsimonious models with relatively high predictive power. Used together with other variables, they consistently improved the models. Main conclusions: We argue that the use of composite variables as proxies for complex environmental gradients has the potential to improve predictions from EDMs and thus to inform conservation planning as well as improve the precision and credibility of red lists and global change assessments.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

The data used for the paper "Adapting a multiscale approach to assess the compositional diversity of landscapes" (Landscape Ecology)

The data consists of a single SimpleFeatures (sf) object with 267,813 rows, i.e. hexagons covering Hungary, and 89 variables. The following variables are contained by the data (Table 1.). <table> <caption>Table 1. Main attributes of the variables. For explanation of the vegetation type codes implied in the table by "XX", see the Supplementary Material S2 of Konrád et al. 2023.</caption> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Variable</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>id</td> <td>unique id of hexagons</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bakony</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Bakony</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Baranya</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Baranya Hills</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ExternalSomogy</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape External Somogy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HunGreatPlain</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Hungarian Great Plain</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KorosMarosInterfluve</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Körös-Maros Interfluve</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mezofold</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Mezőföld & Velence Hills</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NorthernHunMountains</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Northern Hungarian Mountains</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Orseg</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Őrség</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SouthernBukk</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Southern Bükk</td> </tr> <tr> <td>binarized_potential_XX</td> <td>binarized potential vegetation data of the XX vegetation type</td> </tr> <tr> <td>binarized_actual_XX</td> <td> binarized potential vegetation data of the XX vegetation type </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   References Konrád KD, Bede-Fazekas Á, Bartha S, Somodi I (2023) Adapting a multiscale approach to assess the compositional diversity of landscapes. Landscape Ecology.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

dryad36/100