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29 results for “large ungulate”
Identifying temporal dynamics in post-release survival of a restored large ungulate
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Data from: Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey?
Pedators can indirectly affect prey survival and reproduction by evoking costly anti-predator responses. Such non-consumptive effects may be as strong or stronger than consumptive predator effects. However, evidence for this in large terrestrial vertebrate systems is equivocal and few studies quantify the actual fitness costs of non-consumptive effects. Here we investigated whether non-consumptive effects elicited by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), a large terrestrial predator, reduced survival in an ungulate prey, the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). To reveal the behavioral processes underlying non-consumptive effects, we distinguished between proactive risk avoidance of areas with high lynx encounter probability, and reactive risk avoidance in response to actual lynx encounters and analyzed these responses using step selection functions. We also quantified the consequences of these behaviors for deer survival. Deer reacted differently at day and at night, but avoided high-risk areas proactively during the day and at night in the summer. During a predator encounter, deer increased avoidance of high-risk areas at night but not during the day. Thus, roe deer exhibited a behavioral response race that involved temporally and spatially varying tradeoffs with environmental constraints. We found evidence that non-consumptive effects of lynx predation risk reduced deer survival and that survival was more sensitive to variation in non-consumptive effects of lynx than to variation in human proximity. Our findings highlight that non-consumptive effects may depend on the spatiotemporal distribution of risks and the environmental context, and we discuss how human factors contribute to predator-prey dynamics in human dominated landscapes.
Data from: Do wild ungulates experience higher stress with humans than with large carnivores?
Predation is a major selective pressure for prey; however, the stress response to predation risk and the relative importance of natural versus anthropogenic stress factors in wild populations of animals have rarely been studied. We investigated the level of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) in 6 populations of red deer and roe deer exposed to potentially different levels of stress, resulting from both natural (predator presence, forest cover, undergrowth, ungulate density, and temperature) and anthropogenic (hunting harvest, percentage of build-up areas, and road density) factors. We found the highest and most variable FGM concentrations in both ungulates in areas without large carnivores, and the lowest and least variable FGM levels in areas with wolf and lynx. Anthropogenic factors (hunting harvest, roads, and built-up area) positively correlated with the gradient of FGM levels in both species. Both the mean and the variance of the FGM concentrations measured within populations of both red deer and roe deer were affected positively by variation in hunting harvest and negatively by the minimum temperature. The variance in the roe deer FGM was also positively influenced by the percentage of built-up areas. The results indicate that stress in wild ungulate populations is lower and less variable in areas utilized by large carnivores than in carnivore-free areas where human-related factors predominate. This may be explained by evolutionary adaptations of prey animals constantly exposed to the risk of natural predation and their inability of adapting to the risk from humans probably due to its high intensity and erratic occurrence.
Fawn bedsite selection by a large ungulate living in a peri-urban area
<p>The zip file contains:</p> <ul> <li>All datasets used for the data analysis of the updated version of the preprint titled: "Fawn bedsite selection by a large ungulate living in a peri-urban area" that can be found at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.11.552922.</li> <li>The R markdown showing the analysis used for this study.</li> <li>The HDML file of the R markdown above.</li> </ul>
Stable isotope results on large ungulates from Late Pleistocene sites in Catalonia (Spain)
<p>Raw data of isotopic measurements on bone collagen and dental carbonate on <em>Cervus elaphus</em>, <em>Equus ferus</em>, <em>Equus hydruntinus</em>, <em>Bos/Bison</em> (likely <em>Bos primigenius</em>), <em>Rupicapra rupicapra</em>, and <em>Capra pyrenaica</em> from Late Pleistocene sites in Catalonia (northeastern Spain).</p> <p><span>EcoRef- DR945:6-1-collagen-2024: Results of elemental analysis on bone (N<sub>bone</sub>) and extracted collagen (C<sub>coll</sub>, N<sub>coll</sub>, C:N<sub>coll</sub>) and isotopic analysis on collagen (</span><em><span>d</span></em><sup><span>13</span></sup><span>C<sub>coll</sub>, </span><em><span>d</span></em><sup><span>15</span></sup><span>N<sub>coll</sub>) with radiocarbon dates (AMS <sup>14</sup>C) from large ungulates from Catalonian sites (methods described in Drucker et al., 2014 </span><span>10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100011)</span><span>. R is for the right side, L for the left side. *species determination confirmed by ZooMS analysis. na stands for not applicable. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data and brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation.</span></p> <p><span>EcoRef- DR945:6-1-carbonate-2024: Results of elemental (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) and isotopic (</span><em><span>d</span></em><sup><span>13</span></sup><span>C, </span><em><span>d</span></em><sup><span>18</span></sup><span>O) analysis on pretreated carbonates from enamel, dentine and from large ungulates from Catalonian sites (methods described in Drucker et al., 2014 </span><span>10.1016/j.qeh.2024.100011)</span><span>. R is for the right side, L for the left side. nd stands for not determined. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data and brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation. </span></p>
Data for: Assessment of the accuracy of counting large ungulate species (red deer Cervus elaphus) with UAV-mounted thermal infrared cameras during night flights
<p>Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in wildlife surveying, including estimation of population densities. It is essential that we evaluate and test new survey methods to guide optimal sampling strategies. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of using a UAV-mounted thermal infrared (TIR) camera to count red deer <em>Cervus elaphus</em> populations, and how this was influenced by flight season, height and velocity, in order to help guide future census design. We flew 57 flights across a captive population of red deer in a 13 ha deer park enclosure of semi-natural habitat, representative of the species' range in northern Germany. Flights and image assessments were performed with no prior knowledge of actual population size. Accuracy was quantified by comparing real population size (known only to deer park staff) and independently estimated population sizes from UAV TIR images. Accuracy was significantly influenced by ecological season (early and late winter, spring and early summer) and height. Across all seasons, lower flights (100 m) performed better than higher ones (120 m), with lower flights in early winter and early summer being on average accurate to within 1% of actual population counts. For the season where we had the largest range of temperatures between flights (late winter) we found that accuracy was highest when temperatures were lowest. Flights were also able to identify all five stags (defined as a male deer ≥2 years old) present in early summer, but not in spring. Deer appeared to avoid the landing/take-off area, but there were no noted behavioural responses to drones flying over animals when at constant height and velocity during surveys. Our results indicate that UAV-mounted TIR camera have the potential to accurately count populations of large ungulate species, but that flight season, height and potentially temperature need to be taken into account to maximise accuracy. This approach has the potential to be scaled up to more accurately estimate densities of wild populations compared to existing approaches.</p>
Data from: Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: Assessment of the accuracy of counting large ungulate species (red deer Cervus elaphus) with UAV-mounted thermal infrared cameras during night flights
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Do wild ungulates experience higher stress with humans than with large carnivores?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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