Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
130
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
130 results for “liana”
Data from: Effects of dry-season irrigation on leaf physiology and biomass allocation in tropical lianas and trees
Lianas are more abundant in seasonal forests than in wetter forests and are thought to perform better than trees when light is abundant and water is limited. We tested the hypothesis that lianas perform better than trees during seasonal drought using a common garden experiment with 12 taxonomically diverse species (6 liana and 6 tree species) in 12 replicated plots. We irrigated six of the plots during the dry season for four years, while the remaining 6 control plots received only ambient rainfall. In year 5, we measured stem diameters for all individuals and harvested above- and belowground biomass for a subset of individuals to quantify absolute growth and biomass allocation to roots, stems, and leaves, as well as total root length and maximum rooting depth. We also measured photosynthesis, intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), pre-dawn and midday water potential, and a set of functional and hydraulic traits. During the peak of the dry season, lianas in control plots had 54% higher predawn leaf water potentials (ΨPD), and 45% higher photosynthetic rates than trees in control plots. By contrast, during the peak of the wet season, these physiological differences between lianas and trees become less pronounced and, in some cases, even disappeared. Trees had higher SLA than lianas; however, no other functional trait differed between growth forms. Trees responded to the irrigation treatment with 15% larger diameters and 119% greater biomass than trees in control plots. Liana growth, however, did not respond to irrigation; liana diameter and biomass were similar in control and irrigation plots, suggesting that lianas were far less limited by soil moisture than were trees. Contrary to previous hypotheses, lianas did not have deeper roots than trees; however, lianas had longer roots per stem diameter than did trees. Our results support the hypothesis that lianas perform better and experience less physiological stress than trees during seasonal drought, suggesting clear differences between growth forms in response to altered rainfall regimes. Ultimately, better dry-season performance may explain why liana abundance peaks in seasonal forests compared to trees, which peak in abundance in less seasonal, wetter forests.
Liana communities exhibit different species composition, diversity and community structure across forest types in the Congo Basin
<p>Lianas are poorly characterized for central African forests. We quantify variation in liana composition, diversity and community structure in different forest types in the Yangambi Man and Biosphere Reserve, Democratic Republic of Congo. These attributes of liana assemblages were examined in 12 1-ha plots, randomly demarcated within regrowth forest, old-growth monodominant forest, old-growth mixed forest and old-growth edge forest. Using a combination of multivariate and univariate community analyses, we visualize the patterns of these liana assemblage attributes and/or test for their significant differences across forest types. The combined 12 1-ha area contains 2,638 lianas (≥ 2 cm diameter) representing 105 species, 49 genera and 22 families. Liana species composition differed significantly across forest types. Taxonomic diversity was higher in old-growth mixed forests compared to old-growth monodominant and regrowth forests. Trait diversity was higher than expected in the regrowth forest as opposed to the rest of forest types. Similarly, the regrowth forest differed from the rest of forest types in the pattern of liana species ecological traits and diameter frequency distribution. The regrowth forest was also less densely populated in lianas, and had lower liana total basal area than the rest of forest types. We speculate that the mechanism of liana competitive exclusion by dominant tree species is mainly responsible for the lower liana species diversity in monodominant compared to mixed forests. We attribute variation in liana community structure between regrowth and old-growth forests mostly to short development time of size hierarchies.</p>
Data from: Do lianas shape ant communities in an early successional tropical forest?
Almost half of lowland tropical forests are at various stages of regeneration following deforestation or fragmentation. Changes in tree communities along successional gradients have predictable bottom-up effects on consumers. Liana (woody vine) assemblages also change with succession, but their effects on animal succession remain unexplored. Here we used a large-scale liana removal experiment across a forest successional chronosequence (7-31 years) to determine the importance of lianas to ant community structure. We conducted 1088 surveys of ants foraging on and living in trees using tree trunk baiting and hand collecting techniques at 34 paired forest plots, half of which had all lianas removed. Ant species composition, β-diversity, and species richness were not affected by liana removal; however, ant species co-occurrence (the coexistence of two or more species in a single tree) was more frequent in control plots, where lianas were present, vs. removal plots. Forest stand age had a larger effect on ant community structure than the presence of lianas. Mean ant species richness in a forest plot increased by ca. 10% with increasing forest age across the 31-year chronosequence. Ant surveys from forest >20 years old included more canopy specialists and fewer ground-nesting ant species vs. those from forests <20 years old. Consequently, lianas had a minimal effect on arboreal ant communities in this early-successional forest, where rapidly changing tree community structure was more important to ant species richness and composition.
Patterns of liana diversity and host interaction networks in selectively-logged and unlogged forests of Uppangala, Western Ghats, India
<p>Lianas shape tropical forest species composition, structure, and dynamics. Increasing climate fluctuation and anthropogenic disturbances increase liana abundance. Despite the increasing number of liana studies in India, only a few have examined the distribution and association of hosts with lianas, or liana-host interaction networks to determine their functional significance and conservational value. Therefore, our objective was to fill the knowledge gap about the diversity, abundance, and network structure of liana-host interactions in response to logging disturbance in a wet evergreen forest of Uppangala in central Western Ghats, India. We sampled lianas ≥1 cm in diameter at 1.3 m from the base and their host trees in thirty 20m x 20m plots in selectively-logged and unlogged forest management regimes. We evaluated liana-host tree interactions in logged and unlogged forests and retrieved community-level measures (nestedness, connectance, modularity, and network specialization index) and species-level indicators (species specialization index). Diversity and abundance of liana species were considerably greater in the selectively logged forest site. The logged forest site had compartmentalization, anti-nestedness, and network specialization, while unlogged forests were not showing any significant network structure. Most species of lianas and hosts were peripherals, but others were structurally important (connectors, module hubs, and network hubs) in the two forest sites. Forest management regimes had distinct structurally significant species.</p>
Liana-induced tree height reduction limits carbon storage and growth in a tropical forest in Panama
<p>Subset of data and script used in the paper titled 'Lianas reduce tree height with negative consequences for carbon storage and growth estimates'</p>
Fig. 1 in Novitates Gabonenses 92: Combretum rupestre (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Mount Ngouadi in Gabon
Fig. 1. − Cliffs of Mont Ngouadi, habitat of Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier.
Lianas and trees exhibit divergent intrinsic water-use efficiency along elevational gradients in South American and African tropical forests
<p>Elevational gradients provide excellent opportunities to explore long-term morphological and physiological responses of plants to environmental change. We determined the difference in the elevational pattern of foliar carbon isotope composition (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C) between lianas and trees, and assessed whether this difference arises from changes in photosynthesis or stomatal conductance. We also explored the pattern of nutrient limitations with the elevation of these two growth forms. We conducted inventories of lianas and trees using standardized techniques along elevational gradients in Ecuador and Rwanda. We determined the values of several foliar traits including <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and chemical traits in dominant liana and tree species. We set up Bayesian linear mixed-effect models to quantify the effects of elevation and these two growth forms, and the difference of the effect of elevation between the two growth forms on each of the foliar traits. We found consistent growth form specific divergences in foliar<i> δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) responses to elevation. While we noted a meaningful increase in foliar <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and C:N with elevation for trees, lianas did not exhibit such a trend. Foliar <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and C:N remained relatively constant for lianas along the transects. The physiological processes at the basis of foliar carbon isotope fractionation shift differently in lianas and trees along elevation. Lianas operate at relatively constant intrinsic water- and nitrogen- use efficiencies with elevation as opposed to trees. Altogether, the study suggests the existence of a functional divergence of water and nutrient use strategies between lianas and trees along tropical elevational transects.</p>
A study of techniques to management and control of lianas in Neotropical forests
<p>The present dataset presents an update to data published in 2020 (http://dx.doi.org/DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4050477) with additional description related to the effect of lianas on tree and forest structure and diversity, and to contribute to improve decision making on forest restoration and management.</p>
Data for Liana litter decomposes faster than tree litter in a multispecies and multisite experiment
<p><span>1.</span><span> Lianas account for a small fraction of forest biomass, but their contribution to leaf or litter biomass and thus to food webs can be substantial. Globally liana exhibit fast life history traits. Thus liana litter may decompose faster than tree litter, and could enhance decomposition of tree litter (complementarity effect). The differences in decomposition may also vary with mesofauna access or across forest communities. The contribution of these factors to nutrient biogeochemical cycling is poorly understood. </span></p> <p><span>2.</span><span> We examined the decomposition of litter of 20 liana and 20 tree species of three different tropical forest communities in southern China, over one year. (i) We incubated the litter in bags with coarse and fine mesh to distinguish mesofaunal and microfaunal effects. (ii) We used single-species litter bags to compare decomposition rates of lianas and trees, to test which functional traits best explained decomposition, and whether those traits differed between lianas and trees, and among forest types. (iv) We used mixed-species litter bags to test whether liana litter enhances decomposition in litter mixtures. (v) We evaluated how leaf litter nutrients decayed in relation to litter mass.</span></p> <p><span>3.</span><span> Litter decayed faster in coarse mesh than fine mesh bags, but there was no interaction effect with forest type or growth form. Liana litter decayed faster than tree litter in single species bags with mesofauna access and in mixed bags (liana-only mix, tree-only mix) without mesofauna. Lianas had higher nitrogen content and specific leaf area and lower leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and toughness than trees. Decomposition rate was significantly negatively related to LDMC. Litter of evergreen broadleaved (EBL) forest decomposed slower than that of other forest types. Liana litter did not enhance the decomposition of tree litter in mixtures. Liana litter released calcium slightly faster than trees.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis</span><span>: Leaf litter decomposes faster for lianas than trees, despite high variability of traits and decomposition rates within each growth form and overlap between growth forms, and we found no evidence for the complementarity hypothesis. Our study sheds light on the potential role of lianas within brown food webs and their importance on terrestrial biogeochemistry. </span></p>
Datasets to quantify the impact of lianas on 3D tree structure and biomass
<p>This dataset consists of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds and their corresponding quantitative structure models (QSMs) of 182 trees. There are two point clouds for each tree, one containing only the wood points and the other containing the leaf points of the tree. The QSMs of the trees are in .mat format and the detailed readME file to read the QSMs can be found here: https://github.com/InverseTampere/TreeQSM.</p> <p> </p>
Landscape-scale drivers of liana load across a Southeast Asian forest canopy differ to the Neotropics
<p><span>Lianas (woody vines) are a key component of tropical forests, known to reduce forest carbon storage and sequestration and to be increasing in abundance. Analysing how and why lianas are distributed in forest canopies at landscape scales will help us determine the mechanisms driving changes in lianas over time. This will improve our understanding of liana ecology and projections of tropical forest carbon storage now and into the future. Despite competing hypotheses on the mechanisms driving spatial patterning of lianas, few studies have integrated multiple tree-level biotic and abiotic factors in an analytical framework. None have done so in the Palaeotropics, which are biogeographically and evolutionarily distinct from the Neotropics, where most research on lianas has been conducted.</span></p> <p><span>We used an unoccupied aerial system (UAS; drone) to assess liana load in 50-ha of Palaeotropical forest canopy in Southeast Asia. We obtained data on hypothesised drivers of liana spatial distribution in the forest canopy, including disturbance, tree characteristics, soil chemistry, and topography, from the UAS, from airborne LiDAR, and from ground surveys. We integrated these in a comprehensive analytical framework to extract variables at an individual-tree level and evaluated the relative strengths of the hypothesised drivers and their ability to predict liana distributions through boosted regression tree (BRT) modeling.</span></p> <p><span>Tree height and distance to canopy gaps were the two most important predictors of liana load, with relative contribution values in BRT models of 34.60% 45.39% and 7.93% - 10.19%, respectively. Our results suggest that taller trees were less often and less heavily infested by lianas than shorter trees, opposite to Neotropical findings. Lianas also occurred more often, and to a greater extent, in tree crowns close to canopy gaps and to neighbouring trees with lianas in their crown</span><span>. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Synthesis</strong>: Despite their known importance and prevalence in tropical forests, lianas are not well understood, particularly in the Palaeotropics. Examining 2,428 trees across 50-ha of Palaeotropical forest canopy in Southeast Asia, we find support for the hypothesis that canopy gaps promote liana infestation. Our finding that liana presence and load declined with tree height, opposite to well-established Neotropical findings, suggests a fundamental difference between Neotropical and Southeast Asian forests. Considering that most liana literature has focused on the Neotropics, this highlights the need for additional studies in other biogeographic regions to clarify potential differences and enable us to better understand liana impacts on tropical forest ecology, carbon storage and sequestration.</span></p>
Data from: Lianas associated with continued forest biomass losses following large-scale disturbances
<p>Lianas are important to rainforest ecosystems but often impede tree growth and increase tree mortality and stem damage after disturbances that favour their growth. Understanding how lianas affect biomass recovery and rates of carbon sequestration following disturbance is therefore of crucial importance. In this study, we determine how a tropical forest recovers biomass following a large-scale disturbance and test how this varies with liana dominance and stem damage<em>. </em>We use remote sensing methods to develop a model, validated by field data from 40 20 m x 20 m vegetation plots, to measure change in tree above-ground biomass eight years after Tropical Cyclone Yasi damaged logged forests in the Australian Wet Tropics. We related tree biomass changes to field measures of current liana dominance over trees, expressed as liana: tree basal area ratio, and assessed how these measures related to tree stem damage. Biomass declined in 34 of the 40 plots during the eight years post-disturbance, with loss rates and proportions of damaged tree stems increasing with the liana: tree ratio. From spatial upscaling, we found a net loss in biomass across the study landscape over the same period. Our results show that, following disturbances, lianas not only limit tree biomass recovery but are also associated with further biomass declines, most likely through their contribution to stem damage and delayed mortality. Furthermore, our finding of net biomass loss across the landscape since the cyclone shows that, post-disturbance, rainforests can act as a carbon source with consequences for the global carbon sink<em>. </em></p>
Species assemblages and their drivers differ between trees and lianas in a seasonal-evergreen forest in Thailand
<p>We provide the R codes and datasets used in the analysis presented in the manuscript maintext titled "Species assemblages and their drivers differ between trees and lianas in a seasonal-evergreen forest in Thailand," published in Ecosphere.</p>
Data from: Effect of lianas on forest-level tree carbon accumulation does not differ between seasons: results from a liana removal experiment in Panama
1. Lianas are prevalent in Neotropical forests, where liana-tree competition can be intense, resulting in reduced tree growth and survival. The ability of lianas to grow relative to trees during the dry season suggests that liana-tree competition is also strongest in the dry season. If correct, the predicted intensification of the drying trend over large areas of the tropics in the future may therefore intensify liana-tree competition, resulting in a reduced carbon sink function of tropical forests. However, no study has established whether the liana effect on tree carbon accumulation is indeed stronger in the dry than in the wet season. 2. Using six years of data from a large-scale liana removal experiment in Panama, we provide the first experimental test of whether liana effects on tree carbon accumulation differ between seasons. We monitored tree and liana diameter increments at the beginning of the dry and wet season each year to assess seasonal differences in forest-level carbon accumulation between removal and control plots. 3. We found that median liana carbon accumulation was consistently higher in the dry ( 0.52 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) than the wet season (0.36 Mg C ha-1 yr-1), and significantly so in three of the years. Lianas reduced forest-level median tree carbon accumulation more severely in the wet (1.45 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) than the dry (1.05 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) season in all years. However, the relative effect of lianas was similar between the seasons, with lianas reducing forest-level tree carbon accumulation by 46.9% in the dry and 48.5% in the wet season. 4. Synthesis: Our results provide the first experimental demonstration that lianas do not have a stronger competitive effect on tree carbon accumulation during the dry season. Instead, lianas compete significantly with trees during both seasons, indicating a large negative effect of lianas on forest-level tree biomass increment regardless of seasonal water stress. Longer dry seasons are unlikely to impact liana-tree competition directly; however, the greater liana biomass increment during dry seasons may lead to further proliferation of liana biomass in tropical forests, with consequences for their ability to store and sequester carbon.
Data from: Lianas abundance is positively related with the avian acoustic community in tropical dry forests
Dry forests are important sources of biodiversity where lianas are highly abundant given their ability to grow during times of drought and as a result of secondary growth processes. Lianas provide food and shelter for fauna such as birds, but there are no studies assessing the influence of liana abundance on birds in dry forests. Here we evaluate the influence of liana abundance on the avian acoustic community in the dry forests of Costa Rica at Santa Rosa National Park. We selected forest sites with different levels of liana abundance and set up automated sound recorders for data collection, analysis and estimation of the avian acoustic community. When the number of lianas increases, the avian acoustic community becomes more complex. Lianas could provide important direct and indirect resources for birds such as structure for shelter, protection, nesting and roosting, and food. The positive relationship that lianas have with birds is particularly important in dry forests where lianas are becoming highly abundant due to the level of forest disturbance and climate change, especially for some bird species that are restricted to this ecosystem. By validating the number of bird species detected in the recordings with the acoustic complexity index, we found that a higher acoustic complexity means higher species richness.
Large herbivores suppress liana infestation in an African savanna
<p>African savannas are the last stronghold of diverse large-mammal communities, and a major focus of savanna ecology is to understand how these animals affect the relative abundance of trees and grasses. However, savannas support diverse plant life-forms, and human-induced changes in large-herbivore assemblages—declining wildlife populations and their displacement by livestock—may cause unexpected shifts in plant community composition. We investigated how herbivory affects the prevalence of lianas (woody vines) and their impact on trees in an East African savanna. Although scarce (<2% of tree canopy area) and defended by toxic latex, the dominant liana, <i>Cynanchum viminale </i>(Apocynaceae), was eaten by 15 wild large-herbivore species and was consumed in bulk by native browsers during experimental cafeteria trials. In contrast, domesticated ungulates rarely ate lianas. When we experimentally excluded all large herbivores for periods of 8 to 17 years (simulating extirpation), liana abundance increased dramatically, with up to 75% of trees infested. Piecewise exclusion of different-sized herbivores revealed functional complementarity among size classes in suppressing lianas. Liana infestation reduced tree growth and reproduction, but herbivores quickly cleared lianas from trees after the removal of 18-year-old exclosure fences (simulating rewilding). A simple model of liana contagion showed that, without herbivores, the long-term equilibrium could be either endemic (liana-tree coexistence) or an all-liana alternative stable state. We conclude that ongoing declines of wild large-herbivore populations will disrupt the structure and functioning of many African savannas in ways that have received little attention and that may not be mitigated by replacing wildlife with livestock.</p>
Local canopy disturbance as an explanation for long-term increases in liana abundance
<p>Canopy disturbance explains liana abundance and distribution within tropical forests and thus may also explain the widespread pattern of increasing liana abundance; however, this hypothesis remains untested. We used a 10-year study (2007 – 2017) of 117,100 rooted lianas in an old-growth Panamanian forest to test whether local canopy disturbance explains increasing liana abundance. We found that liana density increased 29.2% and basal area 12.5%. The vast majority of these increases were associated with clonal stem proliferation following canopy disturbance, particularly in liana-dense, low-canopy gaps, which had far greater liana increases than did undisturbed forest. Lianas may be ecological niche constructors; arresting tree regeneration in gaps and thus creating a high-light environment that favors sustained liana proliferation. Our findings demonstrate that liana abundance is increasing rapidly and their ability to proliferate via copious clonal stem production in canopy gaps explains much of their increase in this and possibly other tropical forests.</p>
Lianas have a faster resource acquisition strategy than trees: belowground evidence from root traits, phylogeny, and the root economics space
<p>1. The competitive advantage of lianas over trees has been widely documented in studies of their leaf functional traits across diverse habitats; however, the relative contribution of root functional traits to the competitive superiority of lianas over trees has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore the root functional traits, phylogenetic structure of these traits, and root trait dimensions of lianas to clarify why lianas can outperform trees.</p> <p>2. We sampled 69 liana species from tropical and temperate forests in China and measured nine key functional traits of first-order roots of each species, including morphological, architectural, anatomical, and chemical traits, as well as the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization. Data on these traits were then compared with similar data of 127 tree species from the same biome obtained from the Global Root Traits (GRooT) database and our previous studies.</p> <p>3. Liana roots had lower construction costs and could acquire resources more rapidly compared with tree roots. Significant differences were observed in most tree root traits between tropical and temperate sites. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the liana root traits between tropical and temperate sites, apart from the root branching ratio.</p> <p>4. Lianas showed much weaker phylogenetic conservatism in their root traits than trees when species were pooled across sites. Phylogenetic constraint was lower for nearly all root traits of both temperate lianas and trees compared with those of tropical lianas and trees.</p> <p>5. The root economics space of lianas and trees had two orthogonal dimensions with "conservation" and "collaboration" axes. However, lianas occupied the trait space with higher root nitrogen concentration and greater specific root length, showing "fast" resource acquisition strategy, while trees placed opposite space and exhibited relatively "slow" strategy.</p> <p>6. Synthesis. The ability of lianas to outcompete trees in harsh environments might be explained by their faster resource acquisition strategy and the lower phylogenetic constraint in root traits. Generally, lianas might play an increasingly important role in the structure and function of forest ecosystems in the future with ongoing habitat fragmentation and climate change.</p>
Lianas rapidly colonize early stages of tropical forests, presumably through leaf trait diversification
<p><strong>Questions</strong>: Ecological succession is the process during which ecosystems recover after disturbances. Studies investigating community re-assembly during tropical forest succession have rarely compared lianas to trees. We addressed two questions: (1) How do changes in stem density, total basal area, and species richness of lianas and trees compare throughout a secondary succession, and to what extent does the relative basal area of lianas change along a secondary succession? (2) How do the successional trajectories of functional community trait values of lianas and trees compare?</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Yoko forest reserve, central Congo basin.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Using univariate Bayesian modeling techniques, we analyzed differences in successional pathways between lianas and trees in terms of community structure, and functional assembly in a replicated chronosequence spanning from young to old-growth forests.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We found divergent structural trajectories between lianas and trees along the forest chronosequence. The stem density of lianas peaked at the intermediate stage, while that of trees almost linearly decreased from the early to late stages of succession. The basal area of lianas increased at a higher rate than that of trees, which translated into a marginal increase of liana relative basal area over succession. On the contrary, we observed a lower rate of increase in species richness for lianas than trees over succession. We found a progressive convergence in the responses of lianas and trees to changes with succession in terms of specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content, but a diverging response in terms of leaf phosphorus content. These functional composition patterns most probably resulted from environmental filtering, induced by a change from nitrogen to phosphorus limitation as the succession progressed to mature forest. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: These findings underscore the rapid colonization of tropical forests by lianas after agricultural abandonment, presumably by deploying a more diverse leaf economic spectrum early in succession.</p>
Data from: Distribution patterns of lianas from subtropical to subboreal zones of the Japanese archipelago and the difference between climbing types
<p><strong>README</strong></p> <p>This dataset was used for the statistical analyses in the article: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.08.001">Kusakabe et al. (2023) Basic Appl. Ecol.</a> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Sub_plot_data_v2.csv</strong></p> <p>Liana abundances, environmental factors, and site information for each subplot in 19 study sites in the Japanese archipelago. Subplots are 400 m<sup>2</sup>(20 m × 20 m) quadrats.</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>site_information</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>site_name</code> - Site_name.</li> <li><code>site_code</code> - Site_code.</li> <li><code>plot_code</code> - Subplot_code.</li> <li><code>longitude</code> - Longitude of each plot (°E).</li> <li><code>latitude</code> - Latitude of each plot (°N).</li> <li><code>altitude</code> - Altitude of each plot (m).</li> <li><code>forest_type</code> - Plots were classified into four types based on the composition of evergreen broadleaf, deciduous broadleaf, and evergreen coniferous trees. EC: evergreen coniferous forest, BC: mixed coniferous–broadleaf forest, BD: deciduous broadleaf forest, BE: evergreen broadleaf forest. The detailed definition of the forest type was described in Ishihara et al. (2011).</li> <li><code>forest_status</code> - Plots were also classified into three categories based on the age of the forests. old growth: ≥ 150 years old, old secondary: ≥ 100 years old, secondary: < 100 years old. The detailed definition of the forest status was described in Ishihara et al. (2011).</li> <li><code>x, y</code> - Coordinates of the point of origin of each subplot in the census plots (m).<br> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>liana_stem_density & liana_basal_area</strong><br> Sum of liana stems (400 m<sup>-2</sup>) and basal area (cm<sup>2</sup>・400m<sup>-2</sup>) in each subplot.</p> <ul> <li><code>whole</code> - All lianas.</li> <li><code>twining</code> - Twining climbers.</li> <li><code>root</code> - Root climbers.</li> <li><code>tendril</code> - Tendril climbers.</li> <li><code>hook</code> - Hook climbers.</li> <li><code>scrambling</code> - Scrambling climbers.<br> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>environmental_factors</strong><br> Environmental factors used in the analyses.</p> <ul> <li><code>MAT</code> - Mean annual temperature (°C).</li> <li><code>MAP</code> - Mean annual precipitation (mm).</li> <li><code>MSD</code> - Maximum snow depth (cm).</li> <li><code>SOCN</code> - Soil organic layer carbon:nitrogen ratio.</li> <li><code>SODM</code> - Soil organic matter dry mass (g・100 cm<sup>-2</sup>).</li> <li><code>TSD</code> - Tree stem density with a diameter of ≥ 5 cm at breast height (400 m<sup>-2</sup>).</li> <li><code>TBA</code> - Total basal area of trees with a diameter of ≥ 5 cm at breast height (cm<sup>2</sup>・400 m<sup>-2</sup>).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Values of latitude, longitude, altitude, SOCN, SODM, TSD, and TBA were derived from published articles (Ishihara et al. 2011, Niwa et al. 2016) and associated, updated datasets that are available on the website of the Biodiversity Center of Japan (<a href="https://www.biodic.go.jp/moni1000/findings/data/index.html">https://www.biodic.go.jp/moni1000/findings/data/index.html</a>). The definitions of forest type and status follow Ishihara et al. (2011). </p> <p>Values of MAT, MAP and MSD were derived from the Agro-Meteorological Grid Square Data, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (Ohno et al. 2016).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Ishihara, M. I., Suzuki, S. N., Nakamura, M., Enoki, T., Fujiwara, A., Hiura, T., … Yoshida, Y. (2011). Forest stand structure, composition, and dynamics in 34 sites over Japan. _Ecological Research_, 26(6), 1007–1008. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-011-0847-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-011-0847-y</a></p> <p>Niwa, S., Toyota, A., Kishimoto, T., Sasakawa, K., Abe, S., Chishima, T., … Yoshida, T. (2016). Monitoring of the ground-dwelling beetle community and forest floor environment in 22 temperate forests across Japan. _Ecological Research_, 31(5), 607–608. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-016-1379-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-016-1379-2</a></p> <p>Ohno, H., Sasaki, K., Ohara, G., & Nakazono, K. (2016). Development of grid square air temperature and precipitation data compiled from observed, forecasted, and climatic normal data. _Climate in Biosphere_, 16, <a href="https://doi.org/10.2480/cib.J-16-028">https://doi.org/10.2480/cib.J-16-028</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.