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29 results for “liana species”
Data from: Size, species, and fire behavior predict tree and liana mortality from experimental burns in the Brazilian Amazon
<p>Anthropogenic understory fires have affected large areas of tropical forest in recent decades, particularly during severe droughts. Yet, the mechanisms that control fire-induced mortality of tropical trees and lianas remain ambiguous due to the challenges associated with documenting mortality given variation in fire behavior and forest heterogeneity. In a seasonally dry Amazon forest, we conducted a burn experiment to quantify how increasing understory fires alter patterns of stem mortality. From 2004 to 2007, tree and liana mortality was measured in adjacent 50-ha plots that were intact (B0 – control), burned once (B1), and burned annually for 3 years (B3). After 3 years, cumulative tree and liana mortality (≥1 cm dbh) in the B1 (5.8% yr<sup>−1</sup>) and B3 (7.0% yr<sup>−1</sup>) plots significantly exceeded mortality in the control (3.2% yr<sup>−1</sup>). However, these fire-induced mortality rates are substantially lower than those reported from more humid Amazonian forests. Small stems were highly vulnerable to fire-induced death, contrasting with drought-induced mortality (measured in other studies) that increases with tree size. For example, one low-intensity burn killed >50% of stems <10 cm within a year. Independent of stem size, species-specific mortality rates varied substantially from 0% to 17% yr<sup>−1</sup> in the control, 0% to 26% yr<sup>−1</sup> in B1, and 1% to 23% yr<sup>−1</sup> in B3, with several species displaying high variation in their vulnerability to fire-induced mortality. <em>Protium guianense</em> (Burseraceae) exhibited the highest fire-induced mortality rates in B1 and B3, which were 10- and 9-fold greater than the baseline rate. In contrast, <em>Aspidosperma excelsum</em> (Apocynaceae), appeared relatively unaffected by fire (0.3% to 1.0% mortality yr<sup>−1</sup> across plots), which may be explained by fenestration that protects the inner concave trunk portions from fire. For stems ≥10 cm, both char height (approximating fire intensity) and number of successive burns were significant predictors of fire-induced mortality, whereas only the number of consecutive annual burns was a strong predictor for stems <10 cm. Three years after the initial burn, 62 ± 26 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> (s.e.) of live biomass, predominantly stems <30 cm, was transferred to the dead biomass pool, compared with 8 ± 3 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in the control. This biomass loss from fire represents ∼30% of this forest's aboveground live biomass (192 (±3) Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>; >1 cm DBH). Although forest transition to savanna has been predicted based on future climate scenarios, our results indicate that wildfires from agricultural expansion pose a more immediate threat to the current carbon stocks in Amazonian forests.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Combretum xylocarpum (Combretaceae), a new liana species from China
FIGURE 2. Pollen morphology of Combretum xylocarpum under SEM. A: Equatorial view, showing the endoaperture protrusions; B: Polar view, showing the heterocolpate grains; C: Colporate aperture with endoaperture protrusions; D: Perforate and psilate exine. Arrowheads indicate subsidiary colpi.
FIGURE 1. Combretum xylocarpum Dan Liang & R.J in Combretum xylocarpum (Combretaceae), a new liana species from China
FIGURE 1. Combretum xylocarpum Dan Liang & R.J. Wang, sp. nov. A: Habit; B: Adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) side of leaf lamina; C: Dome-shaped sessile glands at adaxial side of leaf; D: Orificed pits at abaxial side of leaf; E: Adaxial side of the midrib, showing the pubescence and scales; F: Spike and flower arrangement (by Lang-Xing Yuan); G: Longitudinally dissected flower, showing the stamens, adnation of style, and a ring of hairs at throat; H: Dissected proximal hypanthium, showing the four pendulous ovules; I: Infructescence, with young fruits; J: Transversely dissected young fruit, showing the 4 rounded ridges; K: Mature fruit (leaf) and seeds (right, by Lei Zhao).
Data from: Selective logging in tropical forests decreases the robustness of liana-tree interaction networks to the loss of host tree species
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Data from: Trees as islands: canopy ant species richness increases with the size of liana-free trees in a Neotropical forest
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Data from: Size, species, and fire behavior predict tree and liana mortality from experimental burns in the Brazilian Amazon
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Fig. 3 in Rhaphiostylis minima Jongkind (Icacinaceae), a new liana species from Ivory Coast & Liberia
Fig. 3. Rhaphiostylis beninensis (Hook.f. ex Planch.) Planch. ex Benth., like Fig. 2, but also showing ovary and style in older flowers. Photograph by Bart Wursten from Boyekoli Ebale Botany 785 (BR) from Congo Kinshasa (copyright Botanic Garden Meise).
Data from: The negative effect of lianas on tree growth varies with tree species and season
<p>Lianas reduce tree growth, reproduction, and survival in tropical forests. Liana competition can be particularly intense in isolated forest fragments, where liana densities are high, and thus host tree infestation is common. Furthermore, lianas appear to grow particularly well during seasonal drought, when they may compete particularly intensely with trees. Few studies, however, have experimentally quantified the seasonal effects of liana competition on multiple tree species in tropical forests. We used a liana-removal experiment in a forest fragment in southeastern Brazil to test whether the effects of lianas on tree growth varies with season and tree species identity. We conducted monthly diameter measurements using dendrometer bands on 88 individuals of five tree species for 24 months. We found that lianas had a stronger negative effect on some tree species during the wet season compared to the dry season. Furthermore, lianas significantly reduced the diameter growth of two tree species but had no effect on the other three tree species. The strong negative effect of lianas on some trees, particularly during the wet season, indicates that the effect of lianas on trees varies both seasonally and with tree species identity.</p>
Data from: The negative effect of lianas on tree growth varies with tree species and season
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.