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109 results for “mammal community”
Fig. 4. Goods coverage index for each sample using the OTUs. Retained 330,000 in Bacterial community of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and mammals from Arauca, Colombian Orinoquia
Fig. 4. Goods coverage index for each sample using the OTUs. Retained 330,000 (49.90%) features in 15 (93.75%) samples at the specified sampling depth (22,000).
Fig. 3 in Bacterial community of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and mammals from Arauca, Colombian Orinoquia
Fig. 3. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared at the genus and species level for mammals and ticks. Percentage values are found in the Venn diagrams. (A) Samples of Desmodus rotundus. (B) Samples of Didelphis marsupialis. (C) Samples of Marmosa robinsoni. (D) Samples of Hydrochoerus. hydrochaeris and Amblyomma mixtum. (E) Samples of Odocoileus virginianus cariacou and Rhipicephalus microplus. (F) Samples of Amblyomma mixtum and Riphicephalus microplus.
Fig. 1 in Bacterial community of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and mammals from Arauca, Colombian Orinoquia
Fig. 1. Study area. (A) American Continent, (B) Colombia, (C) Department of Arauca, Colombia. Sampled localities in the municipalities of Arauca. (1) Vereda El Socorro, Finca Los Trompillos. (2) Vereda El Socorro, Finca Palmira. (3) Vereda Las Plumas, El Ca˜no. (4) Vereda Las Plumas, Los Iguanitos.
Fig. 2 in Bacterial community of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and mammals from Arauca, Colombian Orinoquia
Fig. 2. Relative frequency of OTUs. The bars represent the bacterial communities and the representative families are indicated. (A) OTUs in blood and liver of mammals and ticks (16 samples); bacterial taxa were grouped up to the genus level (6 levels). (B) Relative frequency of OTUs in ticks (3 samples: MH13; MH16 and MH18). Bacterial taxa were grouped at the species level (7 levels). Complete relative frequencies in supplementary material 2.
Code and data for: Human pressures threaten diet specialized mammal communities
<p><span><span>Environmental change is increasing worldwide, and many animal species face anthropogenic threats, especially diet specialists. Yet the degree to which specialist species are currently impacted by environmental change remains poorly understood. Here, we examine how anthropogenic pressures impact dietary specialist species. To achieve this, we calculated an index of diet specialization for the majority of mammal species, based on the Gini inequality coefficient focused on all different dietary items and combined these indices with human footprint data. We used spatially explicit tests to compare the global pattern of mammal diet specialization based on Mantel statistics and a generalized linear mixed model to assess the variations in the percentage of diet specialist species in mammal communities regarding the total species richness, mean values of the human footprint, and the interaction between protected or non-protected areas and the continent. These analyses revealed global patterns in human pressure and its potential impacts on dietary specialist mammal species. We found that areas with many diet specialists in mammal communities are also impacted by high human pressure. Additionally, we found that the global protected area system adequately covers habitat for many mammal diet specialists, but has lower effectiveness in South America, Oceania, North America and Europe compared with Africa and Asia. Finally, we identified potential reservoirs for specialist species – places that contain many highly diet-specialist species and are subject to less human pressure – which may be important for conservation efforts. Our findings highlight limitations with existing conservation efforts and underscore the importance of conserving specialist species.</span></span></p>
Data and model code for: Habitat use patterns suggest that climate-driven vegetation changes will negatively impact mammal communities in the Amazon (ACV)
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Differences in mammal community response to highway construction across different levels of human land use
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Land cover preferences and spatiotemporal associations of ungulates within a Scottish mammal community
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Small mammal community composition in the Diannan area: Long-term monitoring (2005-2017)
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Investigating the biotic and abiotic drivers of body size disparity in communities of non-volant terrestrial mammals
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Resource availability alters breeding strategies in a small mammal community
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Intermediate habitat fragmentation buffers droughts: How individual energy dynamics mediate mammal community response to stressors
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Long-term small mammal community dynamics in Northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland and shrubland ecotones
Sevilleta LTER data-sets 129 and 008 (http://sev.lternet.edu/data/sev-129, -008), sevilleta_species_list.csv from dp2 and Met_all.csv from dp1 were utilized in "Final Figure One Code.R" to calculate precipitation (A), percent cover (B) and rodent abundances (C) for the Creosote and Black Grama core sites. To generate a multi-panel figure (Figure 1). Sevilleta LTER data-set 008 was utilized in "Final Figure Two Code.R" to show non-metric multidimensional scaling between rodent foraging guilds in grassland versus shrubland to generate a two panel figure (Figure 2). Sevilleta LTER data-set 008 was utilized in "Final Figure Three Code Table 1 and 2.R" to assess comunity dynamic metrics (Package CoDyn in R) illustrating species richness, turnover, mean rand shift, and temporal changes in community composition of small mammals in each of the core sites. SIMPER analysis to calculate contributions of species to dissimilarities between the two habitats were run, and values were inserted into the final paper. Community Stability Metrics (CoDyn) such as stability, synchrony, and variance were run, and values inserted into a table in the final paper. "Final Analysis Code.R" utilizes Sevilleta LTER data-sets 129 and OO8, sevilleta_species_list.csv, and Met_all.csv to conduct linear regressions, ANOVA, and significance testing to describe differences between the Heteromyid and Cricetid communities in both the grassland and shrubland. Three tables are generated for possible further analysis, but they are not utilized in this paper. All significant values were utilized, but not output as an additional table.
Code and data for: Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities
<p>The following code and data are used to generate the results for the publication "Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities". Climate_Data.zip contains the monthly minimum and maximum temperatures, vegetation data, and soil thickness data to generate microclimates. NicheMapR_code_and_files.zip contains the script and data necessary to generate the microhabitats. Endoscape.zip contains the data and script necessary to run the heat flux models. Resurvey_data.zip contains the jags data to run the occupancy models for small mammals and birds. The read_me file contains the descriptions of all data and script necessary to reproduce the data from the publication.</p>
Size-selective exclusion of mammals and invertebrates differently affects grassland plant communities depending on vegetation type
<p>Human-caused loss of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, defaunation, is increasing, and potentially affects plant community structure of diverse grassland ecosystems worldwide. We experimentally simulated defaunation using size-selective fences to progressively exclude large-, medium- and small-sized mammals, and invertebrates from two subalpine vegetation types in the Swiss National Park (SNP): intensively grazed short-grass and moderately grazed tall-grass vegetation. We assessed plant community properties yearly from 2009 to 2013, and examined treatment effects on plant community structure in the two grassland types. In the short-grass vegetation, the exclusion of large mammals increased total plant biomass, while the exclusion of large and medium-sized mammals increased total, grass and forb biomass compared to when all animals had access. These increases became stronger when also invertebrates were excluded. The exclusion of all mammals and invertebrates increased biomass of grasses by 205%, forbs by 100% and total plant biomass by 118% compared to when all animals had access, hence enhancing relative biomass of grasses from 43.6% to 60%, changing plant species composition and lowering richness of forbs by 16%, the number of plant families by 13% and family-level Shannon diversity by 23%. In contrast to these significant community-level responses found in the short-grass vegetation, there was no evidence that the size-selective exclusion of animals altered the plant community structure of the tall-grass vegetation. The contrasting results were due to the difference in plant community composition prior to our experiment, which were related to differences in quantity and quality of forage and in grazing intensities of herbivores between the two grassland types. Synthesis. Our results showed that different-sized animals, in particular large mammals and invertebrates, contributed to maintain the plant community structure in the short-grass vegetation, highlighting the importance of multiple, functionally different animal groups for ecosystem functioning and stability. In contrast to the short-grass vegetation, we could not detect such a top-down control by animals in the tall-grass vegetation. Our results suggest that potential defaunation effects on grassland plant community structure depend on the degree of grazing pressure release and grassland vegetation type.</p>
Fig. 1 in Habitat Preferences And Activity Patterns Of The Larger Mammal Community In Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia
Fig. 1. Locations of camera-traps within Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Cambodia.
Data from: Mammal communities of primeval forests as sentinels of global change
<p>Understanding the drivers and consequences of global environmental change is crucial to inform predictions of effects on ecosystems. We used the mammal community of Białowieża Forest, the last lowland near-primeval forest in temperate Europe, as a sentinel of global change. We analyzed changes in stable carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) isotope values of hair in 687 specimens from 50 mammal species across seven decades (1946–2011). We classified mammals into four taxonomic-dietary groups (herbivores, carnivores, insectivores, bats). We found a significant negative trend in hair δ<sup>15</sup>N for the mammal community, particularly strong for herbivores. This trend is consistent with temporal patterns in nitrogen deposition from (<sup>15</sup>N depleted) industrial fertilizers and fossil fuel emissions. It is also in line with global-scale declines in δ<sup>15</sup>N reported in forests and other unfertilized, non-urban terrestrial ecosystems and with local decreases in N foliar concentrations. The global depletion of <sup>13</sup>C content in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> due to fossil fuel burning (Suess effect) was detected in all groups. After correcting for this effect, the hair δ<sup>13</sup>C trend became non-significant for both community and groups, except for bats, which showed a strong decline in δ<sup>13</sup>C. This could be related to an increase in the relative abundance of freshwater insects taken by bats or increased use of methane-derived carbon in food webs used by bats. This work is the first broad-scale and long-term mammal isotope ecology study in a near-primeval forest in temperate Europe. Mammal communities from natural forests represent a unique benchmark in global change research; investigating their isotopic temporal variation can help identify patterns and early detections of ecosystem changes and provide more comprehensive and integrative assessments than single-species approaches.</p>
Dataset for "Cascading effects of mammal host community composition on tick vector occurrence at the urban human-wildlife interface"
<p>Dataset for the following paper:</p> <p><strong>Cascading effects of mammal host community composition on tick vector occurrence at the urban human-wildlife interface</strong></p> <p>Jonathan Bastard *, Nichar Gregory *, Maria Pilar Fernandez, Michaela Mincone, Olivia Card, Sara Kross, Maria Diuk-Wasser</p> <p>* These authors contributed equally.</p>
Trends in functional composition of small mammal communities across millennial time scales
<p>Rich fossil deposits of the late Quaternary help us understand responses of biodiversity to global change and thus predict the future of ecosystems. Studies from the late Quaternary, however, are often limited taxonomically, geographically (often one site), and by their use of largely taxon-based metrics that do not inform about ecosystem-level consequences of biodiversity change. Here, we compare change in functional composition of small mammal communities at El Mirón Cave (Spain) and Samwell Cave (California, USA) across the last 22,000 years, and examine their relationships with climate and vegetation. We find opposing temporal trends between the two locations. European small mammal communities occupied increasingly greater trait space, driven by increases in arboreal granivory and frugivory as ground-dwelling herbivory declined toward the late Holocene. North American communities occupied smaller trait space as ground-level foraging and insectivory increased and arboreal herbivory and mean body mass declined. Our results point to the importance of the interaction between climate change and vegetation shifts for explaining changes in small mammal functional diversity, through their synergistic impacts on individual traits. Specifically, increasing temperature across both continents likely led to increases in nocturnal activity and declines in assemblage mean body mass, while transition to mixed forest (El Mirón) or open woodland (Samwell) resulted in increasing structural complexity of vegetation that potentially supported more diverse community-level dietary characteristics. These results demonstrate the ability of a trait-based approach to identify how environmental variables correlate with changes in community functional composition through time and gain insight into the potential consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning.</p>
Interpreting the mammal deposits of Cloggs Cave (SE Australia), GunaiKurnai Aboriginal Country, through community-led partnership research
<p>Palaeontological animal bone deposits are rarely investigated through research partnerships where the local First Nations communities have a defining hand in both the research questions asked and the research processes. Here we report research undertaken through such a partnership approach at the iconic archaeological site of Cloggs Cave (GunaiKurnai Country, East Gippsland), in the southern foothills of SE Australia's Great Dividing Range.</p> <p>A new excavation was combined with detailed chronometric dating, high-resolution 3D mapping, and geomorphological studies. This allowed for the interpretation of a sequence of stratigraphic layers spanning from a lowermost excavated mixed layer dated to between 25,640–48,470 cal BP, to a dense set of uppermost, ash layers dated to between 1460–3360 cal BP. This long and well-dated chronostratigraphic sequence enabled temporal trends in the abundant small mammal remains to be examined.</p> <p>The fossil assemblage consists of at least 31 taxa of mammals which change in proportions through time. Despite clear evidence that the Old Ancestors repeatedly carried vegetation into the cave to fuel cool fires (no visible vegetation grows in Cloggs Cave), we observed little to no evidence of cooking fires or calcined bone, suggesting that people had little involvement with the accumulation of the faunal remains. Small mammal bones were most likely deposited in the cave by large disc-faced owls, <em>Tyto novaehollandae</em> (Masked Owl) or <em>Tyto tenebricosa</em> (Sooty Owl).</p> <p>Despite being well-dated and largely undisturbed, the Cloggs Cave assemblage does not appear to track known Late Quaternary environmental change. Instead, the complex geomorphology of the area fostered a vegetation mosaic that supported mammals with divergent habitat preferences. The faunal deposit suggests a local ancestral landscape characterised by a resilient mosaic of habitats that persisted over thousands of years, signaling that the Old Ancestors burned landscape fires to encourage and manage patches of different vegetation types and ages within and through periods of climate change.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.