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Fig. 7 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 7 Close-ups of selected dorsal and sacral vertebrae and ribs of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Anterior and mid-dorsal vertebrae (elements a-o). B Posterior dorsal vertebrae (elements s-u). C Anteriormost dorsal rib. D Posteriormost dorsal vertebrae and sacral vertebrae. Abbreviations: cap, capitulum; ce, centrum; diap, diapophysis; lam, lamina; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pap, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; rf, rib facet; rug, rugosity; sv, sacral vertebra; tub, tuberculum; tvp, transverse process

Fig. 9 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 9 Close-ups of the appendicular elements of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Right ilium in lateral view and tentatively identified metetarsal. B Left femur in ventral view. C Right (?) pubis in medial(?) view. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; af, articular facet; cv, cervical vertebra; for, foramen; ilb, iliac blade; isp, ischial peduncle; itt, internal trochanter; mt, metatarsal; pac, postacetabular process; pfo, pubic foramen; pup, pubic peduncle

Fig. 3 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 3 Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612. A–B preserving the majority of the presacral vertebrae and appendicular elements. Cervical vertebrae are indicated with capitalised letters, dorsal and sacral vertebrae are indicated with lower case letters, blue dots indicate bifurcated cervical ribs. The element indicated with an asterisk represents a badly broken cervical vertebra, which could be identified based on plate 31 of Broili and Fischer (1918). The two ribs indicated with † and ‡, respectively, correspond to those listed in Table 4. Abbreviations: aue, autopodial element; cav, caudal vertebra; fe, femur; fr v, fragmentary vertebra; il, ilium; mt, metatarsal; sv, sacral vertebra

Fig. 6 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 6 Close-ups of selected cervical vertebrae and ribs of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Anteriormost preserved cervical vertebrae (elements A–C), including the tentatively identified axis and possible atlantal elements. B Cervical ribs with bifurcating distal ends. C Mid-cervical vertebrae (elements L–N). Abbreviations: at, atlantal element; atna, atlantal neural arch; atr, atlantal rib, axc, axis centrum; axna, axis neural arch; cap, capitulum; cv, cervical vertebra; cvr, cervical rib; diap, diapophysis; epp, epipophysis; feap, free-ending anterior process; fs, fish scale; lam, lamina; ns, neural spine; pap, parapophysis; pdp, posterodorsal process; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; pvp, posteroventral process; rug, rugosity; tub, tuberculum

Fig. 2 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 2 Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612 and its sedimentary features. A, Historical label on the slab. B, Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612, the holotype of Trachelosaurus fischeri; the bracketed lower case letters correspond to the different slabs of which the specimen is composed. The asterisks (*) indicate tetrapod footprints preserved on the slabs. C–D Slab in cross-section, with trough cross-lamination (C) and the two intervals with an arrow pointing at their boundary (D). E Sinuous and ramified structures on the top surface (opposite to the surface preserving bones and footprints), including a close-up on the right. F Round structures. G Squared structure. H Tetrapod footprint (left manus) previously mentioned in Broili and Fischer (1918). Structures in F–H are in convex hyporelief, and their location is marked with matching upper case letters on the overview of the specimen in B

Fig. 11 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 11 Skeletal reconstruction of Trachelosaurus fischeri and comparison with other long-necked, aquatic tanysaurians. A Skeletal reconstruction and interpretive silhouette of Trachelosaurus fischeri in left lateral view and anteroposterior view of the mid-anterior portion of the torso (reconstructions by E. M.); based on the elements preserved on MLU.GeoS.1612. B Comparison of Trachelosaurus fischeri with Dinocephalosaurus orientalis (from Spiekman et al., 2024; reconstruction by S. N. F. S.), Tanystropheus hydroides, and Tanystropheus longobardicus (both from Spiekman et al., 2020a; reconstructions by Beat Scheffold); the outline of a 170-cm-tall human in scuba diving equipment is used to indicate the scale

Fig. 8 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 8 Close-up of the proximal caudal region and partial gastral basket of Trachelosaurus fischeri. The caudal centra marked with α, β, and γ correspond to the elements that are indicated the same in Table 5. Abbreviations: cac, caudal centrum; car, caudal rib; cav, caudal vertebra; gas, gastralia; prz, prezygapophysis; sv, sacral vertebra; tp, transverse process

Fig. 4 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 4 Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612.C-G, preserving the cranial and proximal caudal remains, as well as a tentatively identified pubis and partial gastral basket. The rib marked with †‡ corresponds to the rib that is indicated the same in Table 4. Abbreviations: car, caudal rib; cav, caudal vertebra; dr, dorsal rib; fisc, fish scales; fr v, fragmentary vertebra; gas, gastralia; na, nasal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; pub, pubis

Fig. 5 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 5 Close-ups of the cranial elements of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Right premaxilla in lateral view. B The posterior of the two preserved premaxillary teeth. C Possible nasal. D Possible postorbital. E Possible postfrontal. Abbreviations: anp, anterior process; conc, concavity; latp, lateral process; ponp, postnarial process; pop, posterior process; prnp, prenarial process

Fig. 1 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 1 Geographic and geological setting. Locality and stratigraphic context of Merkel's Quarry, where Trachelosaurus fischeri was found. Modified from Schoch (2019)

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COMMENTS.— Although not breeding in the Mediterranean, the species forages in Libyan waters (van Dijk et al. 2014). In addition to the single beached record, an individual was pulled from nearshore waters of the Tajura coast in 1996 and died in the rehabilitation facility of the Marine Biology Research Centre (MBRC) at Tajura, where it was subsequently taxidermied at the MBRC Museum (Hamza 2010). Capra's (1949) records were based on a report in "L'Idea Coloniale" for 2 May 1927 (Mongàr) and an unspecified specimen in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste (Sella). IUCN THREAT STATUS.— Vulnerable A2bd. MAP 3. Distribution of Dermochelys coriacea in Libya showing stranding site records. in Atlas of the Reptiles of Libya

COMMENTS.— Although not breeding in the Mediterranean, the species forages in Libyan waters (van Dijk et al. 2014). In addition to the single beached record, an individual was pulled from nearshore waters of the Tajura coast in 1996 and died in the rehabilitation facility of the Marine Biology Research Centre (MBRC) at Tajura, where it was subsequently taxidermied at the MBRC Museum (Hamza 2010). Capra's (1949) records were based on a report in "L'Idea Coloniale" for 2 May 1927 (Mongàr) and an unspecified specimen in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste (Sella). IUCN THREAT STATUS.— Vulnerable A2bd. MAP 3. Distribution of Dermochelys coriacea in Libya showing stranding site records.

Fig. 13 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 13. The Egyptian Spiny-tailed Lizard, Uromastyx aegyptia, is hunted and killed by the hundreds and sold either alive or for its meat and eggs.

Fig. 11 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 11. Snakes of Saudi Arabia. (A) Platyceps elagantissimus. (B) Telescopus dhara. (C) Platyceps rhodarchis. (D) Psammophis schokari. Photos by M. Al Sulimi (A), A. Al Salman (B–C), and A. Aloufi (D).

Fig. 12 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 12. Habitat disturbance due to farming. (A) Fodder farms at Al Jawf. (B) Fodder farm in Tabuk. (C) Vegetable farms in Tabuk area. (D) Farmland in Al-`Ula. Photos by A. Al Rabdi (B–C), and A. Aloufi (D).

Fig. 8 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 8. Scincids of Saudi Arabia. (A) Eurylepis taeniolatus. (B) Trachylepis brevicollis. (C) Chalcides ocellatus (D) Scincus scincus. Photos by A. Aloufi.

Fig. 7 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 7. Agamids of Saudi Arabia. (A) Trapelus flavimaculatus. (B) Stellagama stellio. (C) Phrynocephalus nejdensis. (D) Pseudotrapelus sinaitus. Photos by A. Aloufi.

Fig. 10 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 10. Snakes of Saudi Arabia. (A) Eryx jayakari. (B) Atractaspis engaddensis. (C) Echis coloratus. (D) Cerastes cerastes. (E) Naja arabica. (F) Walterinnesia aegyptia. Photos by A. Al Salman (A–B, F), M. Al Sulimi (C), A. Aloufi (D), and M. Al Mesheni (E).

Fig. 6 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 6. Marine turtles of Saudi Arabia. (A) Eretmochelys imbricata. (B) Chelonia mydas. Photos by A. Al Mansi.

Fig. 5 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 5. Amphibians of Saudi Arabia. (A) Euphlyctis ehrenbergii. (B) Sclerophrys tihamica. Photos by T. Papenfuss.

Fig. 3 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 3. Landscapes and habitats in Saudi Arabia. (A) Juniperus procera forests in Raydah reserve. (B) Juniperus procera forests in Asir mountains. (C) Harrat Al Harrah. (D) Harat Ewardh. (E) Sand dunes in the Greater Nofoud. (F) Sand dunes in the Empty Quarter. (G) Elephant mountain in Al-`Ula. (H) Sharaan sand stones mountains in Al-`Ula. Photos by K. Al Shamari (A), O. Llewellyn (B), and A. Aloufi (C–H).