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Fig. 9. A in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 9. A plesiosauroid (Cryptoclididae? indet.) pectoral centrum, MZ VIII Vr-73 ("ZPAL V-KRZ/32"), from the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice, in anterior (A1), posterior (A2), dorsal (A3), ventral (A4), left lateral (A5), and right lateral (A6) views.
Fig. 5 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 5. The thalassochelydian turtle Craspedochelys? sp., MZ VIII Vr-71, from the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice, shell fragments. A. Middle part of a second, fourth, or sixth costal in external view. B. Proximal part of a third or fifth costal in external view. C, D. Parts of unidentified costals in external view. E. Parts of two unidentified costals retaining a sutural contact in external view. F. Proximal part of a second, fourth, or sixth costal in external (F1) and visceral (F2) views. G. Probable part of the plastron in external (G1–G2), visceral (G3–G4),?posterior (G5), and?lateral (G6) views. Note that the position of the element within the shell is uncertain, so precise orientation is not possible. G2, G3, G5, and G6 are 3D models based on surface scans in the orthographic view with the Radiance Scaling shader enabled to optimize the lighting and present the raised?lateral edge (asterisk). H. Part of a plastron of a large individual in external (H1) and visceral (H2) view and natural cross-section (H3). Note that the fragments likely belong to various individuals.
Fig. 2 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 2. The thalassochelydian turtle Craspedochelys? sp., MZ VIII Vr-71, from the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice. Central part of the carapace (Fig. 6A: 1), in external (A1, A2) and visceral (A3, A4) views. A1, A3, photographs; A2, A4, explanatory drawings.
Fig. 1 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of Jurassic marine reptile fossil occurrences in Poland. See Table 1 for details. Silhouettes obtained from phylopic.org: Geosaurinae (Dmitry Bogdanov, CC BY 3.0), Ichthyosauria, Metriorhynchinae, and Teleosauroidea (Gareth Monger, CC BY 3.0), indeterminate reptile clade (public domain), Plesiosauroidea (Adam Stuart Smith, CC BY-SA 3.0), Pliosauridae (Nobu Tamura, CC BY-SA 3.0), and Testudinata (public domain).
Fig. 4 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 4. The thalassochelydian turtle Craspedochelys? sp., MZ VIII Vr71, from the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice. A. Anterior left part of the carapacial rim (Fig. 6A: 4) in external (A1), visceral (A2), and peripheral (A3) views. B. Fragment of the anterior right part of the carapacial rim (Fig. 6A: 5) in external (B1), visceral (B2), and peripheral (B3) views. C. Unidentified part of the carapacial rim in external (C1), visceral (C2), and peripheral (C3) views. D. Fragment of the posterior part of the carapace (Fig. 6A: 6). A–C likely belong to the same individual as the material shown in Fig. 3. The numbers indicate marginal scutes.
Fig. 8 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 8. Selected tooth crowns of an indeterminate metriorhynchid (MZ VIII Vr-72) from an unknown locality and age, showing observable features of the enamel: "premaxillary" teeth in lingual view (A1, A2), "dentary" teeth (A3, A4), showing the only tooth crown accessible from lingual side (A3) and the smooth labial surface (A4). Note the absence of the smooth enamel band at the mid-section (A3). Abbreviations: dc, distal carina; rgl, ridglets; se, horizontal band of smooth enamel; vp, vermicular pattern. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 11 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 11. Morphospace occupation of MZ VIII Vr-72 (white star) among Jurassic marine reptiles (thalattosuchians and plesiosaurs), resulting from principal coordinates analysis of the dataset of Foffa et al. (2018c), segregated along principal coordinates 1 and 2. See SOM 3 for extended results of the principal coordinates analysis. Silhouettes obtained from phylopic.org: Geosaurinae (Dmitry Bogdanov, CC BY 3.0), Metriorhynchinae and Teleosauroidea (Gareth Monger, CC BY 3.0), Plesiosauroidea (Adam Stuart Smith, CC BY-SA 3.0), and Pliosauridae (Nobu Tamura, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Fig. 3 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 3. The thalassochelydian turtle Craspedochelys? sp., MZ VIII Vr-71, from the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice, parts of the carapace and plastron likely belonging to a single individual. A. Anterior part of the carapace and plastron (Fig. 6A: 2) in dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. Posterior part of the carapace and plastron (Fig. 6A: 3) in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views. The fragments likely belong to the same individual as the material shown in Fig. 4A–C.
Fig. 10. Isolated tooth crown ZPAL V. 69 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 10. Isolated tooth crown ZPAL V. 69/1 ("ZPAL V-KRZ/33") from the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice, pertaining to an indeterminate vertebrate, incorrectly identified as Machimosaurus sp. by Tyborowski and Błażejowski (2019a).
Fig. 6. A in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 6. A. Approximate position of the identifiable fragments of the thalassochelydian turtle Craspedochelys? sp., MZ VIII Vr-71, within the shell, in dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views (schematic reconstruction of Craspedochelys spp. based on Anquetin et al. 2014, 2017, and TS personal observations, modified to fit the observed morphologies). Numbers represent the elements illustrated in the text: 1, Fig. 2; 2, Fig. 3A; 3, Fig. 3B; 4, Fig. 4A; 5, Fig. 4B; 6, Fig. 4D. Fragments likely belonging to the same individual are indicated by the same colour. B–E. Anterior edges of the carapace of Plesiochelys etalloni (Pictet and Humbert, 1857), NMS 8514/NMS 118 (B) and NMS 8727/NMS 116 (C), Craspedochelys jaccardi (Pictet, 1860), NMS 101 (D), and Craspedochelys picteti (Rütimeyer, 1873), NMS 9149/NMS 608 (E); all from the Kimmeridgian of Solothurn, Switzerland. The numbers indicate marginal scutes. Note the anteriorly protruding first marginal of Plesiochelys etalloni (B, C) and straight anterior edge in Craspedochelys spp. (D, E).
Fig. 7 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland
Fig. 7. Jaw fragments of an indeterminate metriorhynchid (MZ VIII Vr-72) from an unknown locality and age, preserved on the opposite sides of a limestone block: the "premaxilla" (A1) and the "dentary" (A2) of Tyborowski and Błażejowski (2019a, b).
FIG. 8 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 8. — Restes de plésiosauriens (Plesiosauria) du Jurassique (Callovien supérieur ou Oxfordien inférieur) des Vaches Noires de la collection de Roissy: A, propodial de Plesiosauroidea, MNHN.F.RJN219;B, extrémité distale d'un propodial de Plesiosauroidea, MNHN.F.RJN218;C, D, faces antérieure (C) et latérale droite (D) d'une vertèbre dorsale de Plesiosauroidea, MNHN.F.RJN180 (AC 8918); E-G, faces latérales (E, F) et section (G) d'une dent de Liopleurodon ferox Sauvage, 1873 (Pliosauridae), MNHN.F.RJN235 (AC 8914). Échelles: A-F, 5 cm; G, 2 cm.
FIG. 4 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 4. — Note sur des restes de reptiles découverts à Villers-sur-Mer (BCM Ms629/388). Cette note, datée du 4 novembre 1821, fut rédigée par Joseph Barklay Pentland (1797-1873), un des assistants de Cuvier, à partir de renseignements que lui avait fournis Félix de Roissy. © Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Paris)-Direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
FIG. 3 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 3. — Lettre de Félix de Roissy à Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (BCM MsBLA9/63) datée du 26 avril 1827 (voir la transcription de la lettre dans l'Annexe 4). © Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Paris)-Direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
FIG. 6 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 6. — Exemples de marques ou d'étiquettes sur des spécimens de la collection de Roissy: A, étiquette imprimée caractéristique de la partie de la collection de Roissy qui fut acquise en 1847 par le gouvernement français pour le compte du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle. L'étiquette présentée ici est apposée au dos d'une plaque de calcaire lithographique portant l'empreinte d'un Leptolepis sp. (Osteichthyes) du Jurassique supérieur de Solnhofen en Allemagne (MNHN.F.SLN14); B, initiale «R.» écrite à l'encre sur une vertèbre de thalattosuchien des Vaches Noires (MNHN.F.RJN206). Cette marque figure sur la plupart des restes de reptiles jurassiques de la collection de Roissy; C, D, spécimens sur lesquels la mention « coll. de Mr. de Roissy » est écrite à l'encre en toutes lettres; C, MNHN.F.RJN128B, région articulaire d'une mandibule de métriorhynchidé des Vaches Noires; D, MNHN.F.RJN235, dent de Liopleurodon ferox Sauvage, 1873 des Vaches Noires; E, étiquette collée sur le spécimen MNHN.F.RJN221 (fragment de ceinture d'ichthyosaure des Vaches Noires) acquis par Félix de Roissy en 1841.
FIG. 2 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 2. — Château de Villers-sur-Mer où demeuraient la cousine de Félix de Roissy, Cunégonde Pâris d'Illins (1764-1831), née Brillon de Jouy, le fils de cette dernière, Raoul Pâris d'Illins (1802-1874), maire de la commune et son épouse, Anne Sophie Béatrix (1809-1888), la fille de Félix de Roissy. Gravure publiée dans un article d'Arcisse de Caumont (1849: 316) d'après un dessin du peintre et historien normand Georges Bouet (1817-1890).
FIG. 12 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 12. — Crâne de Steneosaurus edwardsi E. Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1868 (lectotype) des Vaches Noires (Callovien supérieur ou Oxfordien inférieur): A-C, Spéci- men original (MNHN.F.RJN118A, RJN118B, AC 8909, collection de Roissy) en vues latérale gauche (A), dorsale (B) et ventrale (C); D-F, figures correspondantes publiées par E. Eudes-Deslongchamps (1867-1869: pl. 17), vues latérale droite (D), dorsale (E) et ventrale (F). Échelle: 10 cm.
FIG. 5 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 5. — Extraits du « Catalogue des ossements fossiles et des modèles en plâtre reçus par le Muséum de 1842 à 1850 » dressé par M. de Serres en 1859. A, numéro d'entrée n°3 pour l'année 1845; B, numéro d'entrée n°11 pour l'année 1847.
FIG. 1 in Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771- 1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires
FIG. 1. — Lettre de Félix de Roissy à Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville datée du 18 octobre 1830 (BCM MsBLA9/64) dans laquelle de Roissy cherche à convaincre son ami de garder son poste au Muséum d'Histoire naturelle et d'accepter de prêter serment d'allégeance au nouveau roi Louis-Philippe suite aux évènements de juillet 1830 et la destitution de Charles X (voir la transcription de la lettre dans l'Annexe 2). © Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Paris)-Direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.
Data associated with: Global ecomorphological restructuring of dominant marine reptiles prior to the K/Pg mass extinction
<p>Mosasaurid squamates were the dominant amniote predators in marine ecosystems during most of the Late Cretaceous. Here, we use a suite of biomechanically rooted, functionally descriptive ratios in a framework adapted from population ecology to investigate how the morphofunctional disparity of mosasaurids evolved prior to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction. Our results suggest that taxonomic turnover in mosasaurid community composition from Campanian to Maastrichtian is reflected by a notable global increase in morphofunctional disparity, especially driven the North American record. Ecomorphospace occupation becomes polarised during the Late Maastrichtian, with morphofunctional disparity plateauing in the Southern Hemisphere and decreasing in the Northern Hemisphere. We show that these changes are not strongly associated with mosasaurid size, but rather with the functional capacities of their skulls. Our novel approach indicates that mosasaurid morphofunctional disparity was in decline in multiple provincial communities before the K-Pg mass extinction, highlighting region-specific patterns of disparity evolution and the importance of assessing vertebrate extinctions both globally and locally. Ecomorphological differentiation in mosasaurid communities, coupled with declines in other formerly abundant marine reptile groups, indicates widespread restructuring of higher trophic levels in marine food webs was well underway when the K/Pg mass extinction took place.</p>
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