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Fig. 5 in Mollusks and a crustacean from early Oligocene methane-seep deposits in the Talara Basin, northern Peru

Fig. 5. The lucinid Lucinoma zapotalensis (Olsson, 1931) from early Oligocene seep deposit at Cerro La Salina (block 1, C; block 9, A) and Cerros El Pelado (block 2, B), Talara Basin, northern Peru. A. Internal mold of large left valve (NRM Mo187011), left valve showing anterior adductor muscle scar (arrow). B. NRM Mo187012, external sculpture on right valve. C. Articulated specimen (NRM Mo187013), showing external sculpture on left valve (C1) and lunule and ligament in dorsal view (C2).

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Fig. 2 in Mollusks and a crustacean from early Oligocene methane-seep deposits in the Talara Basin, northern Peru

Fig. 2. Protobranch and pteriomorph bivalves from early Oligocene seep deposits from the Cerro La Salina (block 1, A; block 6, D; block 9, C) and Belén seep deposit (B), Talara Basin, northern Peru. A. Malletiid Neilo altamirano sp. nov. (NRM Mo187001, holotype), internal mold in lateral view (A1); external mold in lateral view (A2), arrows indicating the posterior ridge; view on the dorsal side (A3); close-up on the taxodont hinge dentition (A4). B. The possible nuculid Acila? sp. (NRM Mo187002), external mold of outer shell surface. C. The bathymodiolin Idas sp. (NRM Mo187003), internal mold of the entire specimen (C1), arrow indicating the taxondont teeth; close-up on taxodont teeth on posterodorsal shell margin (C2). D. Propeamussiidae indet. (NRM Mo187004), uncoated specimen showing internal radial ridges (D1); specimen coated with ammonium-chloride, highlighting external sculpture (D2).

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Fig. 1 in Mollusks and a crustacean from early Oligocene methane-seep deposits in the Talara Basin, northern Peru

Fig. 1. Locality map of the seep deposits in the Talara Basin in northern Peru, where the here described mollusk and crustacean taxa were found adopted from Kiel et al. 2019).

FIGURE 4 in Internal anatomy of a brachyuran crab from a Late Cretaceous methane seep and an overview of internal soft tissues in fossil decapod crustaceans

FIGURE 4. MicroCT (µCT) scan results of the crab Secretanella sp. (ALMNH:Paleo:6522) from an upper Campanian methane seep limestone in Pennington County, South Dakota. The external surface of the crab is translucent to show the position of the preserved internal structures that the scan detected. Blue: cardiac stomach; yellow: esophagus; red: apodemes and mandibles. A, dorsal view. B, frontal view. C, right lateral view. D, closeup of dorsal view. E, closeup of frontal view. F, closeup of right lateral view. G, closeup of left lateral view.

FIGURE 3 in Internal anatomy of a brachyuran crab from a Late Cretaceous methane seep and an overview of internal soft tissues in fossil decapod crustaceans

FIGURE 3. Exposed gills of the crab Secretanella sp. (ALMNH:Paleo:6522) from an upper Campanian methane seep limestone in Pennington County, South Dakota and an interpretative drawing. 1-4: inferred number of gills;?af: possible afferent vessel.

FIGURE 1 in Internal anatomy of a brachyuran crab from a Late Cretaceous methane seep and an overview of internal soft tissues in fossil decapod crustaceans

FIGURE 1. Location of study area in South Dakota. A, paleobiogeographic map of most of North America during the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) with the locality indicated by a red dot (modified from Sampson et al., 2010, figure 1). B, photo of the locality in Pennington County, South Dakota, USA, where the studied crab specimen was discovered. A massive limestone from the upper Campanian Didymoceras cheyennense ammonite Zone is located at the top of the hill on the right and many limestone pieces are found downslope.

FIGURE 2 in Internal anatomy of a brachyuran crab from a Late Cretaceous methane seep and an overview of internal soft tissues in fossil decapod crustaceans

FIGURE 2. The crab Secretanella sp. (ALMNH:Paleo:6522) from an upper Campanian methane seep limestone in Pennington County, South Dakota. A, carapace in dorsal view. B, closeups of the preserved gills in left branchial chamber. C, carapace in ventral view. D, carapace in frontal view.

FIGURE S3 in Internal anatomy of a brachyuran crab from a Late Cretaceous methane seep and an overview of internal soft tissues in fossil decapod crustaceans

FIGURE S3. Rotating illustration of the microCT (µCT) scan results of the crab Secretanella sp. (ALMNH:Paleo:6522) from an upper Campanian methane seep limestone in Pennington County, South Dakota. Blue: cardiac stomach; yellow: esophagus; red: apodemes and mandibles; purple-pink: possible anterior gastric muscles. See online version for rotation (https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2023/3973- soft-tissues-in-fossil-crab).

FIGURE 5 in Internal anatomy of a brachyuran crab from a Late Cretaceous methane seep and an overview of internal soft tissues in fossil decapod crustaceans

FIGURE 5. Rotating illustration (spin around the dorsal and ventral sides) of the microCT (µCT) scan results of the crab Secretanella sp. (ALMNH:Paleo:6522) from an upper Campanian methane seep limestone in Pennington County, South Dakota. Blue: cardiac stomach; yellow: esophagus; red: apodemes and mandibles. See online version for rotation (https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2023/3973-soft-tissues-in-fossil-crab).

Fig. 6 in A serpulid-Anodontia-dominated methane-seep deposit from the upper Miocene of northern Italy

Fig. 6. Gastropods from the late Miocene Ca' Fornace seep deposit, Italy. A. MSF 2136, Anatoma sp.; lateral view with selenizone visible at the whorl angulation. B. MSF 2137, Hyalogyrina? sp.; view of top of whole shell (B1), close-up of early whorls (B2), arrow indicates transition from protoconch to teleoconch. C. MSF 2138, skeneiform gastropod, lateral view. D, E. Laeviphitus sp. D. MSF 2139, adapertural side of adult shell. E. MSF 2140, close-up of protoconch.

Fig. 7 in A serpulid-Anodontia-dominated methane-seep deposit from the upper Miocene of northern Italy

Fig. 7. The lucinid bivalve "Anodontia" mioinflata sp. nov. from the late Miocene Ca' Fornace seep deposit, Italy. A. MGGC.22003, holotype, an articulated specimen, view on the dorsal side (A1) and on the right valve (A2), arrow indicating lower end of anterior adductor muscle scar. B. MSF 2141, paratype, right valve embedded in rock matrix, arrows indicate anterior adductor muscle scar. C. MSF 2142, paratype, view on posterodorsal side, arrows indicate the double line delimiting the posterodorsal area. D. MGGC.22004, paratype, the outer side embedded in rock matrix and carbonate mineral deposits on the inside, but showing the general shell outline; left valve (D1) and right valve (D2).

Fig. 5 in A serpulid-Anodontia-dominated methane-seep deposit from the upper Miocene of northern Italy

Fig. 5. Bivalves from the late Miocene Ca' Fornace seep deposit, Italy (A–F). A. MSF 2132, large Lucinoma sp., view of right valve. B. MSF 2133, vesicomyid?, view of right valve. C. MSF 2134, arcid bivalve?Asperarca sp., view of left valve. D–F. Idas aff. tauroparva (Sacco, 1898), medium-sized specimens consisting of left valves. D. MGGC.22005. E. MGGC.22006. F. MSF 2135. G. BS.117.03.016-1, type specimen of Modiola exbrocchii var. tauroparva Sacco, 1898, from the early Miocene of Sciolze, Italy.

Fig. 4 in A serpulid-Anodontia-dominated methane-seep deposit from the upper Miocene of northern Italy

Fig. 4. Fauna of the late Miocene, Ca' Fornace seep deposit, Italy. A. The Anodontia-serpulid-association. B. Specimens of the large serpulid (ls) among numerous specimens of the small serpulid Protis sp. C. Scleractinian corals; car, caryophillid; den, dendrophyllid; all specimens housed at MSF.

Fig. 2 in A serpulid-Anodontia-dominated methane-seep deposit from the upper Miocene of northern Italy

Fig. 2. Petrographic character of the late Miocene Ca' Fornace seep deposit, Italy, illustrated by scanned thin sections (A, B) and thin section micrographs (C–F). A. Cavity in micrite (m), lined with banded and botryoidal cement (bbc), and filled with fecal pellets (fp) in the upper part and micrite in the lower part. B. Serpulid tubes cemented by micrite. C. Close-up of section in A, showing banded botryoidal cement (bbc), micrite (m), fecal pellets (fp), and clumps of pyrite (p). D. Close-up of section in B, showing details of the serpulid tubes. E. Sponge fabric (sf) around bivalve shell. F. Close-up of sponge fabric, also showing scattered pyrite framboids (p).

Fig. 5 in Catshark egg capsules from a Late Eocene deep-water methane-seep deposit in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 5. Thin section micrograph of the capsules wall showing three of the craters produced during laser ablation (arrows).

Fig. 3 in Catshark egg capsules from a Late Eocene deep-water methane-seep deposit in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 3. Thin section micrographs of the capsule wall of the Late Eocene Bear River egg capsule Scyliorhinotheca goederti goederti gen. et sp. nov. A, B. Two sections of a capsule wall with several ribs, dark, micritic seep carbonate on the outside, and several diagenetic carbonate phases in the interior; plane−polarized light. C, D. Close−up on the middle rib in A, rotated ca. 90° clockwise. Note that the capsule wall consists of microsparite, enclosing globular calcite crystals; plane−polarized light (C) and UV light (D). E. Detail of the capsule wall; laser scanning microscope image generated by linear unmixing using the spectra of the globules versus that of the wall matrix. F. Detail of capsule wall, showing extinction of some of the globules; crossed−polarized light.

Fig. 2 in Catshark egg capsules from a Late Eocene deep-water methane-seep deposit in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 2. Silicon rubber casts of external molds of the Late Eocene Bear River egg capsule Scyliorhinotheca goederti gen. et sp. nov. A. USNM 544327 (the same specimen as in Fig. 1). B. USNM 544328.

Fig. 1 in Catshark egg capsules from a Late Eocene deep-water methane-seep deposit in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 1. The Late Eocene Bear River egg capsule Scyliorhinotheca goederti gen. et sp. nov. in different states of preservation. A. Steinkern showing the anterior and posterior ends (USNM 544321). B. Posterior half of a steinkern, showing the tapering end with a horn (USNM 544322). C. Deformed steinkern with spindle−like shape (USNM 544323). D. Steinkern with faint wrinkles on the surface, perhaps due to shrinkage (USNM 544324). E. Two specimens: the lower, main specimen shows the anterior constriction and the flattened anterior end (left) and remnants of the ribbed capsule wall (right); the upper specimen (arrow) is just a cast of a ribbed capsule surface; note relics of worm tubes on the right side of the block (USNM 544325) (image from Treude et al. 2011). F. Steinkern showing indentation on lower left (USNM 544326). G. Cast (external mold) showing ribbing on capsule surface (USNM 544327).

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FIG. 14 in A new species of Hoploscaphites (Ammonoidea: Ancyloceratina) from cold methane seeps in the Upper Cretaceous of the U.S. Western Interior

FIG. 14. Hoploscaphites gilli Cobban and Jeletzky, 1965. A–C. USNM 132622, macroconch, cast, Pierre Shale, USGS Mesozoic loc. D1871, Niobrara County, Wyoming. A, Apertural; B, ventral; C, left lateral. D–F. USNM 547334, macroconch, Baculites gregoryensis Zone, Pierre Shale, USGS Mesozoic loc. D1900, Niobrara County, Wyoming. D, Apertural; E, ventral; F, left lateral. G–I. USNM 547333, macroconch, Baculites gregoryensis Zone, Pierre Shale, USGS Mesozoic loc. D1900, Niobrara County, Wyoming. G, Apertural; H, ventral; I, left lateral. J–L. USNM 547600, microconch, Baculites perplexus Zone, Pierre Shale, USGS Mesozoic loc. D264, Douglas County, Colorado. J, Right lateral; K, apertural; L, ventral. M–O. USNM 547601, microconch, Baculites perplexus Zone, Pierre Shale, USGS Mesozoic loc. D398, Crook County, Wyoming. M, Right lateral; N, apertural; O, ventral. P–R. USNM 547602, microconch, Baculites perplexus Zone, Cody Shale, USGS Mesozoic loc. D255, Converse County, Wyoming. P, Right lateral; Q, apertural; R, ventral. Specimens ×1. For locality information, see Cobban and Jeletzky (1965).